Publications (48)177.95 Total impact
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Article: The heart in uremia: role of hypertension, hypotension, and sleep apnea.
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ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Causes include those usually found in the general population, those related to the uremic status, and those related to dialytic treatment. Hypertension, hypotension, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, malnutrition, dyslipidemia, reactive C protein, calcium-phosphate product, dialysis modalities, and hyperhomocysteinemia are discussed extensively. Special emphasis is put on hyperparathyroidism as a traditional toxin. The emergent role of sleep apnea has been confirmed in animal models as well as in humans studied using polysomnography. There are difficulties in diagnosing coronary disease, because angiography is not risk-free, is expensive, and should be reserved for patients having symptoms of heart failure and/or patients having diabetes mellitus, and/or patients entering a transplantation list. This allows patients with coronary disease to undergo coronary artery bypass (preferably) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Patients for whom surgery is not appropriate should be treated using more traditional medical procedures.American Journal of Kidney Diseases 11/2001; 38(4 Suppl 1):S38-46. · 5.43 Impact Factor -
Article: Level of hydration and renal function in healthy humans.
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ABSTRACT: High hydration is commonly used in renal studies to improve the completeness of urine collection. The renal effects of hydration are not well defined. Renal function was studied under fasting conditions (baseline) and after a meat meal (2 g of protein/kg body weight) in 12 healthy adults on a low and high hydration regimen of 0.5 and 4 mL of oral water per kg body weight/30 min, respectively. Urine flow, urinary and plasma Na, K, urea, and osmolality were stably different on low and high hydration regimens. At baseline, there were significant or borderline significant correlations of plasma and urine osmolality with glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin clearance) only in the low hydration regimen. GFR was higher in the low than the high hydration regimen at all time points. The difference was significant at baseline (19.2%) and at 90 to 180 minutes after the meal (14.4%). After the meal, GFR increased significantly over baseline values only in the high hydration regimen (30.0% at peak time). Urinary excretion of Na, urea, and osmoles was lower in the low than the high hydration regimen at all time points: The difference was significant for Na (at baseline) and osmoles (all time points). Urinary K excretion was not different in the two regimens. After the meal, there were significant increases in urinary excretion of Na (in the low hydration regimen) and urea (90 to 180 min after the meal). In fasting adults, high hydration lowered GFR and increased natriuresis. After a meat meal, GFR increased only in the high hydration regimen and natriuresis only in the low hydration regimen. Hydration affects GFR and natriuresis under fasting conditions and after a meat meal.Kidney International 09/2001; 60(2):748-56. · 6.61 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal abscess: recovery without hospitalization and drainage.
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ABSTRACT: Renal absceeses in childhood are rare and require hospitalization, antibiotic therapy and drainage. Two cases of renal abscess in childhood are described. In both cases there was no history of either antecedent skin infection or urinary tract infection or reflux. Flank pain and fever had a sudden onset. The diagnosis was made in the first case by ultrasound and gadolinium-enhnaced magnetic resonance, in the second case ultrasound and computerized axial tomography were used. The patients were successfully treated at home with antibiotic therapy but without drainage. Renal abscesses must be suspected in children with loin pain, fever and leukocytosis. They may heal even without hospitalization and drainage.Clinical nephrology 09/2001; 56(2):169-71. · 1.17 Impact Factor -
Article: Bioelectrical impedance analysis in heart transplantation: early and late changes.
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ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to perform bioelectrical impedance analysis before and after heart transplantation with comparison to healthy subjects. Eight patients (7 men, 1 woman) before (day 0) and after transplantation (day 3, 7, 12, 15, and 180) and 24 healthy controls, matched for sex, age, and body mass were studied. Data collection included bioelectrical impedance analysis (resistance, reactance, and estimates of body water), clinical, and laboratory measurements. Compared with controls, patients had at baseline significantly higher reactance, not significantly different resistance, body weight, total body water, and intra- to extracellular water ratio. After surgery, for reactance, there was an acute decrease followed by a slow, progressive increase up to normal level by day 15. Resistance and body weight did not significantly change; the intra- to extracellular water ratio significantly decreased with stable total body water. Changes in reactance are the main effects induced on bioelectrical impedance by heart transplantation. Acutely, there is a large decrease which likely reflects changes both in water distribution and in cell membrane function. The late changes more likely reflect the shift of body water from the extra- to the intracellular space with stable total body water.Seminars in Nephrology 06/2001; 21(3):282-5. · 2.12 Impact Factor -
Article: Nephrotic edema.
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ABSTRACT: This article starts with a concise synopsis of the history of edema. The role of underfilling, overflow, antidiuretic hormone, and acquaporins is subsequently discussed. Emphasis is given to the use of diuretics in edematous patients. The role and risks of albumin infusion are illustrated. The new hypothesis of pulse reverse osmosis is discussed. The final section deals with the measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in the clinical setting.Seminars in Nephrology 06/2001; 21(3):262-8. · 2.12 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal tubular function by lithium clearance in liver cirrhosis.
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ABSTRACT: Increased tubule sodium reabsorption has been largely suspected in liver cirrhosis (LC), however studies in humans have produced contrasting results. Therefore to ascertain the entity of renal sodium handling in LC this study was devised. A total of 13 patients with child A LC were studied along with 26 age-sex matched healthy controls (HC). Patients and controls were kept on daily Na-intake of 100 mmol for at last 1 week, by measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin) and lithium clearance. We have calculated (1) C(Li); (2) the absolute reabsorption of isotonic fluid in the proximal tubule (APR) as GFR - C(LI); (3) the fractional proximal sodium reabsorption (FPRNa) as 1 - (C(Li)/GFR); (4) the absolute distal reabsorption of sodium (ADRNa) as (C(LI) - C(Na)) x P(Na;) and (5) the fractional distal sodium reabsorption (FDRNa) as (C(LI) - C(Na))/C(Li). GFR was significantly lower in LC (P<.001), C(Li) was significantly higher in LC than in HC (P<.001). APRNa and FPRNa were reduced in LC (P<.0001). ADRNa was higher in LC than in HC (P<.001). No difference was found for FDRNa. In conclusion, lithium clearance discloses an increase sodium reabsorption in distal tubule in humans with LC.Seminars in Nephrology 05/2001; 21(3):323-6. · 2.12 Impact Factor -
Article: Glomerular filtration rate in severely overweight normotensive humans.
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ABSTRACT: The study examined whether indexing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for body surface area is appropriate for people who are severely overweight. Twenty normotensive adult men who were severely overweight but without microalbuminuria were enrolled into this study. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and height. GFR was determined by measuring insulin with the continuous-infusion method. The clearance of endogenous creatinine was also measured after two daily urine collections. Renal plasma flow (RPF) was measured by p-aminohippurate clearance using the continuous-infusion method. Lean body weight was measured by impedentiometry. Adjusting for body surface area (in 1.73 m(2)) caused a significant reduction in GFR (P < 0.0001) in overweight humans (84.1 +/- 2.32 versus 109.6 +/- 3.07 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). The difference disappeared when GFR/height criteria were adopted. No difference between obese and healthy controls occurred after adjusting for lean body weight. Data for creatinine clearance paralleled those with insulin clearance; a significant reduction (P < 0.001) occurred after indexing for basal surface area, which disappeared after correction for height, as well as for lean body weight.American Journal of Kidney Diseases 07/2000; 35(6):1144-8. · 5.43 Impact Factor -
Article: Bioelectrical impedance analysis before and after Novacor implantation.
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ABSTRACT: In this study Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was performed in 5 patients with end stage heart failure in whom a left ventricular assist device (Novacor) was successfully implanted. Whole body measurements of bioelectrical indices resistance and reactance were taken before surgery and 3, 7, 12, and 15 days after it. After surgery there was a significant decrease in reactance, indicating a shift of body fluids from intra- to extra-cellular space.The International journal of artificial organs 04/1999; 22(3):151-4. · 1.86 Impact Factor -
Article: Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by the 99mTc-DTPA renogram is less precise than measured and predicted creatinine clearance.
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ABSTRACT: The work was devised to compare measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renogram to those by creatinine clearance (measured and predicted by Cockroft and Gault) and by inulin clearance. A total number of 65 individuals were enrolled: 15 healthy controls and 50 patients with renal disease. Compared to inulin clearance used as the gold standard, 99mTc-DTPA overestimated at low and underestimated at high GFRs. 99mTc-DTPA measurements were less precise than creatinine clearance except for individuals with GFR >100 ml/min x 1.73 m2. Measured creatinine clearance had the highest correlation coefficient with inulin clearance, 99mTc-DTPA clearance the lowest. In correlation analyses, 81.5% of the interindividual variability for measured creatinine clearance could be explained by true differences in inulin clearance; this value dropped to 59.1 and 57.4% for predicted creatinine clearance and 99mTc-DTPA, respectively. In patients with GFR <25 ml/min x 1.73 m2, all 99mTc-DTPA measurements were out of the 95% confidence interval for the inulin measurement. It can be inferred that 99mTc-DTPA clearance from the renogram is less precise than measured and predicted creatinine clearance.Nephron 03/1999; 81(2):136-40. · 13.26 Impact Factor -
Article: Effects of a meat meal on renal sodium handling and sodium balance.
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ABSTRACT: Protein ingestion increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study investigated in healthy adults if the renal response to protein ingestion includes changes in urinary sodium (Na) excretion rate and Na balance. Renal clearance of Na and inulin (used as index of GFR) were measured in 25 healthy adults before (90 min) and after (180 min) a standard meal and, as control, before and after administration of water and Na-chloride (saline). The meal consisted of red lean meat (2 g protein/kg body weight); in control experiments, water and Na were given to match water and Na content of the meal. ANOVA for repeated measures, Student's t-test, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. GFR and urinary Na excretion increased over baseline after the meal (p < 0.001), not after saline. The post-meal natriuretic response was accounted for an early (0-90 min) increase in glomerular filtered load of Na (p < 0.001) and a late (90-180 min) reduction in tubular Na reabsorption (p < 0.02). Urine flow rate and plasma Na did not significantly change after the meal and in control experiments. Analysis of Na balance showed that post-meal Na excretion was significantly higher than baseline also after Na balance returned to pre-meal values. In healthy individuals, a meat meal stimulates natriuresis and causes a net decrease in Na balance. The renal natriuretic response to the meal appears secondary to the meal-induced changes in renal hemodynamics. The data are in keeping with the hypothesis that dietary protein intake affects also renal Na handling.Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism 02/1998; 24(4):279-84. -
Article: Effect of an acute oral protein load on renal acidification in healthy humans and in patients with chronic renal failure.
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ABSTRACT: The effect of a meat load on the renal handling of acid-base balance was studied in ten healthy subjects (GFR by inulin clearance = 98.5 +/- 8.14 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2) and in ten patients affected by chronic renal failure (CRF) (GFR = 39.9 +/- 5.3 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2). After the meat load (2 g.kg-1 body weight of cooked unsalted red meat), GFR increased by 26.9% (peak value) over baseline in healthy subjects and by 32% in CRF patients. The acid-base status of the healthy subjects was in the normal range, whereas the CRF patients disclosed a slight metabolic acidosis. After a meat load, there was, in the healthy subjects, an increase in the filtered load of bicarbonate coupled to an enhanced tubular reabsorption and urinary excretion. The time course between bicarbonate load and urinary excretion was coincident. In CRF patients, the increase of bicarbonate tubular load after the meal was associated with an increase in tubular reabsorption but not in urinary excretion of this anion. The relationship between bicarbonate load and reabsorption was linear in both groups up to the highest filtered loads. Baseline titratable acidity (TA) and ammonium (NH4+) excretion (expressed per ml GFR) were increased in CRF patients as compared with control subjects, but no changes were found after the meat load in both groups in these experimental conditions. The data indicate that the renal tubules contribute to the maintenance of acid-base balance both in healthy subjects and in CRF patients by reabsorbing most of the additional bicarbonate load. The transient, but significant, increase in bicarbonate excretion observed in healthy subjects could be related to the increased tubular load of bicarbonate. In CRF patients, tubular bicarbonate reabsorption was more complete, possibly because of the stimulation of H+ secretion by the mild metabolic acidosis. TA and NH4+ did not participate in tubular compensation of the increased buffer load.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 06/1997; 8(5):784-92. · 9.66 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal reserve is normal in adults born with unilateral renal agenesis and is not related to hyperfiltration or renal failure.
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ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to examine the renal hemodynamic response in adult patients with single kidneys born with unilateral renal agenesis. A group of 21 patients with unilateral renal agenesis were divided into three groups according to their glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 112 +/- 3 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in group A, 68 +/- 3.2 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in group B, and 40.7 +/- 3.3 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in group C. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in the patients of group C who were also proteinuric. The renal hemodynamic response to an oral protein load (2 g/kg of protein as beefsteak) was normal in all groups and unrelated to hyperfiltration or to renal failure and proteinuria. The study indicates that in patients with renal agenesis, the hemodynamic response to a protein challenge is similar to that of kidney donors, renal transplant recipients and uninephrectomized patients. The paper also demonstrates that the renal response to a protein challenge is inadequate to identify patients with renal agenesis who are at risk of developing renal disease. Finally, in renal agenesis with renal disease, creatinine clearance overestimated the GFR by an average of 32.7%.Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism 02/1997; 23(3-6):283-6. -
Article: The renal hemodynamic response to an oral protein load is normal in IgA nephropathy.
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ABSTRACT: The study was devised to explore the effects of an acute oral protein load on renal hemodynamic response in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The study was performed in 10 proteinuric IgAN patients (800 +/- 300 mg/day) and in 20 healthy controls (matched by sex, age, BMI, BSA, plasma creatinine, plasma urea, urinary urea and protein intake). Blood pressure and creatinine clearance were nearly identical in the two groups. GFR and RPF, measured as the clearance of inulin and of p-aminohippurate (PAH) were studied before and after a meat meal which provided 2 g of protein/kg BW. Following the protein load, renal reserve, percent renal reserve and postmeal cumulative changes of GFR were not significantly different in IgAN and controls. Filtration fraction (FF) at baseline was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in IgAN than in controls (25.5 +/- 1.41 vs. 19 +/- 2%). Postmeal hyperemia and hyperfiltration did not affect FF in either group. Filtration capacity in IgAN was lower (p<0.02) than in controls (117 +/- 5.6 vs. 137.9 +/- 7.0 ml/min x 1.73 m2), whereas the percent of filtration capacity utilized at rest was identical in controls and in IgAN. Creatinine clearance overestimated GFR in IgAN. The data indicate that renal hemodynamic response to proteins in IgAN is normal.Nephron 02/1997; 76(4):406-10. · 13.26 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal response to an acute oral protein load in healthy humans and in patients with renal disease or liver cirrhosis.
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ABSTRACT: This article analyzes 57 reports published in the years 1983 through 1964 that addressed the issue of the renal hemodynamic response to an oral protein load. Seventy-three groups are reported in those studies: 52 were healthy subjects (n = 627) and 21 had renal disease (n = 256); 47 were studied using inulin (n = 407 healthy people and 112 renal patients); 26 groups were studied using creatinine (n = 220 healthy people and 144 renal patients). Patients with liver cirrhosis were also analyzed. There was great heterogeneity in methodology used, emphasizing the need for standardization. The role of plasma amino acids, glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, PGE2, 6-ketoPGA1 alpha, brain-gut peptides, ANP, AVP, dopamine, and kinins in promoting the renal hemodynamic response to an oral protein load is discussed.Seminars in Nephrology 10/1995; 15(5):433-48. · 2.12 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal functional reserve in children.
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ABSTRACT: Renal reserve in children is related to changes in renal plasma flow (RPF) in health and renal disease. Peak glomerular flow rate (GFR) correlates with peak RPF. The renal hemodynamic response to protein is associated with a decrease in renal vascular resistance. Studies in children are less numerous than in adults. The main findings of the studies on renal reserve in children have disclosed the following: (1) the lack of an age dependency, (2) the normalcy of renal reserve in renal disease, (3) the return of renal reserve in type 1 diabetes mellitus by a reduction in protein intake, and (4) the suppressibility of renal reserve by somatostatin infusion.Seminars in Nephrology 10/1995; 15(5):454-62. · 2.12 Impact Factor -
Article: Sequential analysis of variation in glomerular filtration rate to calculate the haemodynamic response to a meat meal.
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ABSTRACT: The renal haemodynamic response to a meat meal is usually measured as either filtration capacity (maximal achieved GFR), or renal reserve (maximal GFR increase over baseline), or percent renal reserve (maximal GFR increase as a percentage of baseline). The time-course of GFR response to a meat meal varies in different individuals as the peak GFR tends to occur late in renal disease. This study proposes a new method to measure the GFR response independently of differences in peaking time. The study is based on measurement of GFR (inulin clearance, ml/min x 1.73 m2 BSA) in three 30-min pre-meal clearance periods (baseline) followed by analysis of the GFR changes for up to 180 min (four 30-min and one 60-min clearance periods) after a meat meal (2 g of protein/kg of BW as red cooked meat). Data were analysed from 85 healthy people (GFR > or = 100) and 273 individuals with renal disease (RD) who were divided into three groups based on their baseline GFR (RD1, n = 115, GFR 99-66; RD2, n = 85, GFR 65-33; RD3, n = 73, GFR < 33). In healthy people after the meat meal GFR peaked between 30 and 60 min and returned to baseline by 120 min. In the three RD groups GFR peaked later than in healthy people (P < 0.001) and remained higher than baseline for up to 180 min (P < 0.001). Cumulative post-meal GFR changes, calculated as cumulative GFR increase over baseline up to 120 min after meal (ml/120 min x 1.73 m2 BSA), were significantly different (P < 0.01) in the four groups (healthy people, 937 +/- 141; RD1, 1222 +/- 141; RD2, 587 +/- 104; RD3, 361 +/- 89). Interindividual variability in cumulative GFR increase was only partially explained by the value of filtration capacity (r2 = 0.285), renal reserve (r2 = 0.640), and percent renal reserve (r2 = 0.175). The data indicate that commonly used parameters are poor indices of the actual total time-course of the renal response to a protein load.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 01/1995; 10(9):1629-36. · 3.40 Impact Factor -
Article: Creatinine clearance: an inadequate marker of renal filtration in patients with early posthepatitic cirrhosis (Child A) without fluid retention and muscle wasting.
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ABSTRACT: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured in 19 patients with Child A liver cirrhosis by comparing the endogenous creatinine clearance with inulin clearance. Inulin clearance averaged 90 +/- 4.4 ml/min x 1.73 m2, while creatinine clearance averaged 122 +/- 7 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p < 0.001). The overestimation of GFR by creatinine was present in 18 of 19 patients and was inversely correlated with inulin clearance (r = -0.452, p < 0.04). The data point to the unsuitability of creatinine as a marker of filtration in early posthepatitic cirrhosis (Child A).Nephron 01/1995; 70(4):421-4. · 13.26 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane has no causative role for protein-induced glomerular hyperfiltration in healthy humans.
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ABSTRACT: The study was devised to establish the role of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin1 alpha and thromboxane A2 in the genesis of glomerular hyperfiltration response to a meat meal in healthy humans. To this end, a group of 8 healthy women was studied 4 times: in the control state (study 1), after a meat meal (study 2), following a meat meal associated with intravenous aspirin (study 3) and finally after a meat meal associated with intravenous aspirin following 2-day pretreatment with oral aspirin (study 4). Urinary excretion of prostaglandins and thromboxane increased during the glomerular hyperfiltration response to a meat meal and was suppressed by aspirin administration which did not suppress the renal hemodynamic response to the meat meal. The data do not support a causal role for prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 in the hemodynamic response to acute protein loading.Nephron 02/1994; 66(1):45-51. · 13.26 Impact Factor -
Article: Renal prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 lack a functional significance in the genesis of protein-induced glomerular hyperfiltration in human renal disease.
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ABSTRACT: The study was devised to assess the effects of a protein load (2 g/kg BW) on urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in patients with renal failure of glomerular origin. To this end, 8 women with a glomerular filtration rate of 55 +/- 12 ml/min x 1.73 m2 underwent the following studies: study 1: control; study 2: meat meal; study 3: meat meal+intravenous aspirin; study 4: pretreatment with oral aspirin for 2 days+protocol in study 3. Glomerular hyperfiltration was seen after the meat meal (study 2) and was not suppressed by aspirin (studies 3 and 4). Urinary PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxA2 increased after the meat meal in study 2 and were suppressed by aspirin in studies 3 and 4. The ratio between vasodilative (PGE2 + 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and vasoconstrictive (TxA2) autacoids increased during the meat meal (study 2) and was suppressed when aspirin was injected at the time of the oral protein load, thus, the effect of aspirin was much greater for PGE2 and PGF1 alpha than for TxA2. These data do not support that urinary prostaglandin and TxA2 have a direct role in renal hyperfiltration due to an acute protein load.Nephron 02/1993; 63(1):49-53. · 13.26 Impact Factor -
Article: Failure of blood pressure to increase following erythropoietin therapy in the renoprival status.
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ABSTRACT: Two anephric patients in the course of one year erythropoietin therapy improved their anemic status without changes in Mean Arterial Blood Pressure. The discordant time course behaviour of hematocrit and blood pressure points to the importance of residual renal tissue for blood pressure to develop during erythropoietin therapy in the renoprival status.The International journal of artificial organs 04/1992; 15(3):144-6. · 1.86 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Institutions
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1997–2001
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Second University of Naples
Caserta, Campania, Italy
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1991
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Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Portici, Campania, Italy
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1982
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Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York City, NY, USA
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