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ABSTRACT: The flowers or leaves of Chrysanthemum boreale (Compositae) have been traditionally used as herb tea to reduce anxiety, insomnia, and stress. Sedative and anticonvulsant activities were evaluated in mice using pentobarbital-induced sleeping assay and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion assay. The flower extract exhibited more potent activities than the extracts of the leaves and stems, and chromatographic isolation yielded the five compounds acacetin, linarin, acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, chlorogenic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. These compounds were simultaneously analyzed by HPLC, and the method was validated. The contents of linarin, which were shown to be most abundant in C. boreale, were observed in the order of leaf (11.93 mg/g) > flower (8.50 mg/g) > stem (5.60 mg/g). Linarin and its aglycone, acacetin, exhibited sedative and anticonvulsant activities in the present in vivo assays. It can be considered that linarin is one of the active compounds effective against anxiety, insomnia, and stress, with acacetin as its active moiety.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 01/2013; · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Traditionally, Hemistepta lyrata is consumed as a mountainous vegetable or a medicinal herb to treat inflammation, fever, hemorrhage, and hemorrhoids. In order to provide the scientific evidence of traditional uses of this plant, we identified and quantified thirteen active substances (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid as caffeoylquinic acids; apigenin, isorhoifolin, acacetin, linarin, diosmetin, diosmin, pectolinarigenin, and pectolinarin as flavones or their glycosides; kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and rutin as flavonol glycosides) from H. lyrata and evaluated their peroxynitrite-scavenging activity. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Capcell Pak C18 column (5μm, 250mm×4.6mm i.d.) with a gradient elution of 0.05% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) and 0.05% TFA in MeOH-CH(3)CN (60:40). Validation of HPLC methods on the linearity, LOD, LOQ, intra-day and inter-day variabilities, recovery, and repeatability proved that this method is selective, sensitive, precise, accurate, and reproducible. In peroxynitrite-scavenging assay, caffeic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) exhibited relatively lower IC(50) values than other substances tested. And HPLC simultaneous quantification showed that the 70% MeOH extract and the BuOH fraction contain a higher quantity of caffeic acid derivatives (17.82 and 30.09mg/g, consecutively). Therefore, caffeic acid derivatives could be the main contributors to the peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of H. lyrata than other phenolic substances.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 12/2012; 76C:139-144. · 2.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We previously demonstrated that monotropein isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of monotropein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Monotropein was found to inhibit the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with monotropein decreased the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Consistent with these findings, monotropein also suppressed phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α), and consequently the translocations of NF-κB. In the DSS-induced colitis model, monotropein reduced disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inflammation-related protein expressions by suppressing NF-κB activation in colon mucosa. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of monotropein are mainly related to the inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 12/2012; · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Paclitaxel (Taxol) is currently used as the front-line chemotherapeutic agent for several cancers including ovarian carcinoma; however, the drug frequently induces drug resistance through multiple mechanisms. The new strategy of using natural compounds in combination therapies is highly attractive because those compounds may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, we found that tectorigenin, an isoflavonoid isolated from flower of Pueraria thunbergiana, enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of paclitaxel in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells (MPSC1(TR), A2780(TR) and SKOV3(TR)) as well as their naive counterparts. The combination of tectorigenin with paclitaxel resulted in a synergistic apoptosis compared with either agent alone through activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Treatment with tectorigenin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFκB and the expression of NFκB-dependent genes such as FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and COX-2, which are known to be associated with chemoresistance. In addition, the tectorigenin-paclitaxel combination inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB and IKK and the activation of Akt in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells. Moreover, tectorigenin-paclitaxel-induced cell growth inhibition was enhanced by pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor LY294002 or overexpression of the dominant negative Akt (Akt-DN), but reduced by overexpression of constitutively activated Akt (Akt-Myr). Furthermore, we found that Akt-Myr, at least in part, reversed tectorigenin-paclitaxel-induced nuclear translocation of NFκB and the phosphorylation of IκB and IKK. These data suggest that tectorigenin could sensitize paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through inactivation of the Akt/IKK/IκB/NFκB signaling pathway, and promise a new intervention to chemosensitize paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer.
Carcinogenesis 10/2012; · 5.70 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Animal experiments were performed to develop Salvia plebeia (Labiatae) as a medicinal herb with sedative and gastroprotective activities; the former activity was measured using a pentobarbital-induced assay and the latter activity was measured in two gastric lesion-induced assays (HCl/EtOH-induced and indomethacin/bethanechol-induced assays) in mice. The MeOH extract and its EtOAc fraction were effective, although the former was less active than the latter. Rosmarinic acid (RA) isolated from S. plebeia was active in the same method at 10 and 20 mg/kg (p.o.). HPLC quantification demonstrated that RA comprised the largest proportion (28.5% of the MeOH extract, 33.0% of EtOAc extract; 4.46% of dry weight) of S. plebeia. The contents of five other compounds were much less than that of RA, although the contents of the three glycosides, 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside (0.28% of dry weight), cynaroside (0.35%) and nepitrin (0.43%) were higher than those of the two aglycones, quercetin (0.024%) and eupatilin (0.058%). The HPLC method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy and reproducibility. These results suggest that the main polyphenol, RA, plays a major role in the sedative and gastroprotective effects of S. plebeia.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 08/2012; 35(8):1403-11. · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: GC-MS analysis on the essential oil (CC-oil) ofCinnamomum cassia stem bark led to the identification of cinnamaldehyde (CNA,1), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (2-CNA), coumarin (2), and cinnamyl acetate. The major volatile flavor in CC-oil was found to be 2-CNA. Coumarin was first isolated from this
plant by phytochemical isolation and spectroscopic analysis. CNA and CC-oil showed potent cytotoxicity, which was effectively
prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration with CNA considerably decreased malondialdehyde
(MDA) formation and glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. These results suggest that CC-oil and CNA can regulate the
triggering of hepatic drugmetabolizing enzymes by the formation of a glutathione-conjugate.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 04/2012; 24(5):418-423. · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: On high performance liquid chromatography, the caffeoylquinic acid (CQ) occupying the highest proportion of the water-ethanol (7:3) extract of Aster glehni (Compositae) leaves was 3-Op-coumaroylquinic acid (46.10 ± 4.22 mg/g of dried weight) among CQs tested. The IC₅₀ of the water-ethanol (7:3) extract was 4.23 ± 0.24 μg/mL in the peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-scavenging assay. Phytochemical isolation from A. glehni extract yielded three kaempferol glycosides. The water-ethanol (7:3) extract and both p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, phenylpropanoid moieties of CQs, had sedative effects in pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice and anticonvulsant effects in pentylenetetrazole-induced mice. Furthermore, the phenolic substance-rich W-E (7:3) extract of A. glehni could be used to treat anxiety or convulsion partly due to its peroxynitrite-scavenging mechanism.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 03/2012; 35(3):423-30. · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: As an attempt to search for bioactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of euscaphic acid (19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids, EA) isolated from roots of Rosa rugosa and its underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. EA concentration-dependently reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macgophages. Consistent with these data, expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA were inhibited by EA in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, EA attenuated LPS-induced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which was accompanied by a parallel reduction of degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IκBα) and consequently by decreased nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Pretreatment with EA significantly inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ), p38, and JNK, whereas the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was unaffected. Furthermore, EA interfered with the LPS-induced clustering of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) with interleukin receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Taken together, these results suggest that EA inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction to downregulate NF-κB activations.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 01/2012; 113(6):1936-46. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The leaves of Saussurea grandifolia (Compositae) are used as chwinamul, a well-known Korean mountainous vegetable, or to treat hepatitis and hematuria. Since the methanolic extract of S. grandifolia leaves exhibit a potent peroxynitrite-scavenging effect, phytochemical and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses were employed to identify and simultaneously quantify the active components: chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DQ) as caffeoylquinic acids, and quercetin, isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), saxifragin (quercetin-5-glucoside), and rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside). Validation of HPLC methods was performed to verify the linearity, LOD, LOQ, intra-day and inter-day variabilities, recovery, and repeatability to ensure that this method is selective, sensitive, precise, accurate and reproducible. In particular, leaves contained saxifragin with potent peroxynitrite-scavenging activity (IC(50), 0.67 μM) as 4.65 mg/g dry weight, which is equivalent to 33.74 mg/g extract.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 11/2011; 61:247-51. · 2.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated the effect of Orostachys japonicus extracts on serum lipids, leptin and insulin level in
hyperlipidemic rats. Also, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were assessed. Inhibitory effect of DGAT related to triglyceride synthesis emerged approximately 96% in EtOAc fraction and showed 90% and 67%, respectively, in CHCl3 and BuOH fractions. Furthermore, the EtOAc and BuOH fractions inhibited 81% and 77%, respectively, in glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT). Hyperlipidemia and obesity marker, contents of leptin and insulin on serum of hyperlipidemic rats, decreased 50% and 25%, respectively, compared with control group in treated EtOAc fraction. The oxidative stress marker, a concentration of TBARS, showed decrease of approximately 30% in treated EtOAc fraction. Moreover, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol contents on serum of rats fed a hyperlipidemic diet were increased 10% and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol decreased 50% as well as triglyceride amount of feces multiplied approximately two times more than control group in treated EtOAc fraction. The data suggest that the fractions of O.japonicus may be a potent biomaterial for treatment of yperlipidemia or obesity.
Natural Product Sciences 06/2011; 17(2):117-122.
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ABSTRACT: To identify an analgesic/anti-inflammatory component from the leaves of Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae), phytochemical isolation and pharmacological assays (writhing assays and vascular permeability assay for analgesic action in mice; carrageenan-induced paw edemaand TPA-induced ear edema assays of anti-inflammatory action in rats) were performed. Four compounds were isolated from the active fraction (BuOH fraction) by silica gel column chromatography and identified as (-)-rhododendrol, (-)-rhododendrin, avicularin and hyperoside by spectroscopic methods. Rhododendrin, the main compound of the BuOH fraction, exhibited significant analgesic actions in mice and anti-inflammatory actions in rats. This compound accounted for 3.1% of the MeOH extract and 0.48% of dried leaves, respectively, on HPLC analysis. These results suggest that rhododendrin is the major biologically active substance in the leaves of R. aureum with analgesic/anti-inflammatory activity.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 06/2011; 34(6):971-8. · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aerial part of Rubus rigidus var. camerunensis (Rosaceae) is used to treat respiratory and cardiovascular disorders in the Cameroonian traditional medicine. The ethanol extract exhibited more potent antioxidant activity (E(max)s of 119% and 229% activity on DPPH and β-carotene test) than aqueous extract. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract based on free radical-scavenging assay (DPPH assay) afforded five flavonoid glycosides (four flavonol glycosides and an anthocyanin) and three glucosides of 19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid (two monomeric and one dimeric triterpenoids). The flavonoids were identified as kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin, 2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (juglanin, 3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin, 4), pelargonidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (callistephin, 5). The three triterpenoids were 2α, 3β, 19α, 23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (nigaichigoside F(1), 6), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23-carboxyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (suavissimoside R(1), 7) as monomeric triterpenoids and coreanoside F(1) (8) as a dimeric triterpenoid. The flavonoids exhibited potent antioxidant activities (66 to 93.56% against DPPH radical) and they were also active on β-carotene test. Coreanoside F(1) exhibited a 63% antioxidant activity, meanwhile the other two triterpenoids showed a weak activity. Three important facts on structure-activity relationship were observed: Compound 8, a dimeric triterpenoid glycoside, strongly enhanced antioxidant activity of its monomers, compound 3 with 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranyl has much more potent activity than compound 2 with 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl, and antocyanin (5) is more potent than its corresponding flavonol glycosides.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 04/2011; 34(4):543-50. · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The n-hexane and CHCl₃ soluble fractions of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Piper kadsura were found to potently inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated BV-2 cells, a microglial cell line. From the active fractions, a new stereoisomer of guaiane sesquiterpene, 1α,5β-guai-4(15)-ene-6β,10β-diol, kadsuguain A (1) and a new cyclohexadienone, kadsuketanone A (2), together with twelve known compounds (3-14) were isolated. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR spectral studies. The absolute configuration of 2 was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Compounds 2, 6, and 11-14 significantly inhibited both nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production in the LPS-activated microglia cells. In addition, compounds 4, 6, and 11-14 exhibited cytotoxicity against the A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 human tumour cells.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 04/2011; 26(2):254-60. · 1.62 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Buddlejasaponin IV (BS-IV), a major component of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, exerts antiinflammatory and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. The study investigated whether BS-IV could prevent oral carcinogenesis by inhibiting the growth of immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOKs). BS-IV reduced cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptotic morphological changes in IHOKs. BS-IV inhibited the levels of cyclin B1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C, but enhanced Chk2 phosphorylation. The increased levels of pRb and p21 protein and the activation of p53 were also noted in BS-IV-treated IHOKs. In addition, BS-IV induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria by reducing antiapoptotic Bcl-2 levels and increasing pro-apoptotic Bax levels. BS-IV treatment resulted in the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. PARP cleavage was also clearly observed in the BS-IV-treated IHOKs. Furthermore, the expression of the Fas death receptor and Fas ligand was induced and procaspase-8 level was suppressed by BS-IV treatment. Taken together, BS-IV treatment inhibited the growth of IHOK cells via the induction of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis via both mitochondrial-dependent and death receptor-mediated pathways. Thus, BS-IV can be considered an excellent candidate for a chemopreventive agent to block the progression of HPV-induced oral carcinogenesis.
Phytotherapy Research 03/2011; 25(10):1503-10. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We previously reported that extract of Rosa rugosa root and its active triterpenoids constituents exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. However, little is known about the effects and the molecular mechanism of the 19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids. Among the tested 19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids (kaji-ichigoside F(1), rosamultin, euscaphic acid, tormentic acid (TA)), TA was found to most potently inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and its underlying molecular mechanisms of TA in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. TA dose-dependently reduced the productions of NO, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced by LPS. In addition, TA significantly suppressed the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, treatment with TA decreased LPS-induced DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of NF-κB. Consistent with these findings, TA also suppressed the LPS-stimulated degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-α (IκB-α). Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of TA is associated with the down-regulation of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α through the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
International immunopharmacology 01/2011; 11(4):504-10. · 2.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Endometriosis, a disease affecting 5-15% of women of reproductive age, is characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial tissue. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities that may be efficacious in therapy for endometriosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of costunolide on the cell growth and apoptosis of endometriotic cells. We found that costunolide significantly inhibited the cell viability of 11Z and 12Z human endometriotic epithelial cells. Interestingly, endometriotic cells were more sensitive to costunolide treatment than immortalized endometrial cells (HES). Costunolide induced apoptosis of 11Z cells in a time-dependent manner as shown by accumulation of sub-G1 population. In addition, treatment with costunolide induced the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with the broad caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly reversed the costunolide-induced inhibition of cell viability in 11Z cells. We further demonstrated that costunolide inhibited the activation of Akt and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and the expression of anti-apoptotic factors B-cell lymphoma-extra lage (Bcl-xL) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in 11Z cells. These results suggest that costunolide induces apoptosis in human endometriotic epithelial cells by inhibiting the prosurvival NFκB and Akt pathway, leading to the downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and XIAP and the activation of caspases.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 01/2011; 34(4):580-5. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae) are used in traditional Chinese medicine to relieve kidney dysfunction. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of the triterpenoid glycoside niga-ichigoside F₁ (NIF₁) and of its aglycone 23-hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA) isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae) against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in renal epithelial LLC-PK₁ cells. Pretreating LLC-PK₁ cells with 23-HTA or NIF₁ was found to prevent cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In addition, 23-HTA or NIF₁ pretreatment significantly improved the changes associated with cisplatin toxicity by increasing levels of glutathione (GSH) and decreasing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower in cisplatin-treated LL-PK₁ cells, and 23-HTA or NIF₁ treatment notably increased the these enzyme activity and protein and mRNA levels of CAT and manganese SOD (MnSOD). Moreover, cisplatin caused a significant decrease in nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and pretreatment with 23-HTA or NIF₁ significantly suppressed the cisplatin-induced translocation of Nrf2 in LLC-PK₁ cells. Taken together, these results suggest that 23-HTA ameliorates cisplatin-induced toxicity via modulation of antioxidant enzymes through activation of Nrf2 in LLC-PK₁ cells.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 01/2011; 34(6):906-11. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Previously, the authors demonstrated that the triterpenoid glycoside niga-ichigoside F₁ (NIF₁) and its aglycone 23-hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA) isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae) ameliorate cisplatin-induced toxicity in renal epithelial LLC-PK₁ cells. In the present study, the nephroprotective effects of NIF₁ and 23-HTA were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats with acute renal injury induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg). Pretreatment with 23-HTA (10 mg/kg/d, per os (p.o.)) significantly reduced cisplatin-induced elevations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine level, whereas NIF₁ (10 mg/kg, p.o.) slightly reduced these levels. In addition, pretreatment with 23-HTA prevented cisplatin-induced hydroxyl radical generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and cisplatin-induced changes in the activities of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in rat renal tissues. In addition, histopathological examinations showed that 23-HTA pretreatment reduced cisplatin-induced acute tubular necrosis and histological changes. In contrast, NIF₁ was found to have a slight or no influence on cisplatin-induced oxidative enzymes and acute tubular necrosis. Taken together, these results suggest that protective effect of 23-HTA pretreatment on cisplatin-induced renal damage is associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress and the preservation of antioxidant enzymes.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 01/2011; 34(9):1508-13. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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Hee-Juhn Park
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ABSTRACT: Chwinamul is a mountainous vegetable that refers to several species belonging to the family Compositae. Chwinamul has been used as a side dish or a medicinal herb to treat hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, common cold, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQs) are present in high levels in chwinamul, though caffeoyltartaric acids (CTs) are often occurred in the vegetables of Compositae. Here I review the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of CQs and CTs. In particular, ¹³C-NMR data and CQ stereochemistry are discussed. CQ derivatives have antioxidative, peroxynitrite-scavenging, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antiobese, and antidiabetic activities.
Archives of Pharmacal Research 11/2010; 33(11):1703-20. · 1.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It has been reported that Rhusverniciflua exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about biological activity of sulfuretin, a flavonoid isolated from R.verniciflua. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms of sulfuretin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Sulfuretin dose-dependently reduced the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) induced by LPS. Consistent with these findings, sulfuretin significantly suppressed the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta. In addition, sulfuretin attenuated LPS-induced DNA binding and the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), which was accompanied by a parallel reduction of degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (I kappaB-alpha) and consequently by decreased nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, pretreatment with sulfuretin significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated activation of I kappaB kinase beta (IKK beta). Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of sulfuretin in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages is associated with the suppression of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via the inhibitory regulation of IKKbeta phosphorylation.
International immunopharmacology 08/2010; 10(8):943-50. · 2.21 Impact Factor
