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ABSTRACT: The European legislation, and in particular the Water Framework Directive requires the development of cost efficient monitoring tools that can provide the required information for the assessment of water contamination. Passive sampling methods represent one of the novel tools that have a potential to be used in various regulatory monitoring programmes aimed at assessing the levels of chemical pollutants. These methods are particularly interesting for sampling polar organic pollutants in water because they provide representative information of the water quality over extended time periods (days to weeks) in environments with fluctuating contaminant concentrations. This is achieved by integrative sampling of pollutants over the whole sampler deployment period. These tools can be coupled to toxicity testing using bioassays that give information on toxic and ecotoxic hazards associated to substances that are present, these substances being identified or not. In this study the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was used in surface water to evaluate the water contamination by polar organic compounds and their potential toxicity.
Water Science & Technology 01/2011; 63(10):2418-26. · 1.12 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the marine environment. Their toxicity is mainly linked to the ability of marine species to biotransform them into reactive metabolites. PAHs are thus often detected at trace levels in animal tissues. For biomonitoring purposes, this findings have two main consequences, (i) the determination of the PAH tissue concentration is not suitable for the evaluation of individual exposure to PAHs (ii) it can explain sometimes the lack of correlations obtained with relevant markers of toxicity such as genotoxicity biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to better investigate the link between PAH exposure and genotoxicity in marine flatfish. During a laboratory experiment, juvenile soles were exposed for four weeks to a mixture of three PAHs, namely benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, followed by one week of depuration. Fish were exposed via the trophic route to a daily PAH concentration of 120 μg/g food. Fish were sampled at different time points. The bioavailability and the biotransformation of PAHs were assessed by the measurement of biliary metabolites using a sensitive UPLC MS/MS method. The 7-ethoxyresorufine-O-deethylase was also measured in liver subcellular fractions as a biomarker of phase I biotransformation activities. Genotoxicity was assessed in parallel by the measurement of DNA strand breaks in fish erythrocytes by the alkaline comet assay. During this study, the high amount of PAH metabolites produced in sole demonstrated the bioavailability of PAHs and their biotransformation by fish enzymes. A positive correlation was observed between the level of hydroxylated PAH metabolites and genotoxicity as measured by the alkaline comet assay.
Marine environmental research 03/2010; 69 Suppl:S71-3. · 1.76 Impact Factor
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M Farré,
M Petrovic,
M Gros,
T Kosjek,
E Martinez,
E Heath,
P Osvald,
R Loos, K Le Menach,
H Budzinski, [......],
G Fink,
T A Ternes,
E Zuccato,
P Kormali,
O Gans,
R Rodil,
J B Quintana,
F Pastori,
A Gentili,
D Barceló
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Comparability of monitoring data are essential for any meaningful assessment and for the management of environmental risks of emerging pollutants. The reliability and comparability of data at European level is often limited, because analytical methods for emerging pollutants are often not fully validated, not harmonized or not suitable for all relevant matrices. This paper describes a collaborative interlaboratory exercise for the analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) residues in freshwater and wastewater, held in the framework of the EU project "Network of reference laboratories for monitoring of emerging environmental pollutants" (NORMAN). The NSAID compounds selected in this study were ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Thirteen laboratories distributed along nine European Countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland) took part in this exercise, 126 samples were analyzed and a total number of 473 values in duplicate were collected. Samples selected in this study include environmental water (river water and waste water) and artificial water (fortified environmental and distilled water) with different ranges of complexity. Two analytical methods were proposed by the organiser; one is based on the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the second one is based on SPE followed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), however, in the first round some different approaches were also admitted. The main goals of this interlaboratory comparison were to evaluate the available analytical schemes for NSAID analysis in natural waters, to evaluate the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) between participating laboratories, and to evaluate the influence of the analytical method and sample matrices on the results.
Talanta 08/2008; 76(3):580-90. · 3.79 Impact Factor
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J Cachot,
O Geffard,
S Augagneur,
S Lacroix, K Le Menach,
L Peluhet,
J Couteau,
X Denier,
M H Devier,
D Pottier,
H Budzinski
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ABSTRACT: In order to characterize the genotoxicity in the Seine estuary and Seine bay, chemical and toxicological analyses were performed on 17 sediments collected in June 2001 and June 2003. Many potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds - including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and metals - were detected. Those compounds were found to be at relatively high concentrations in the upper part of the Seine estuary but were barely detectable at sites outside the plume from the Seine. The levels of pollution did not vary significantly between the two sampling periods, except that PAH concentrations in sediments collected at Oissel and Le Havre showed a marked increase in June 2003. The toxicity of organic extracts from sediments was evaluated by both embryotoxicity and in vitro genotoxicity (SOS Chromotest) assays. Organic extracts from sediments taken from the Seine estuary appeared significantly more embryotoxic than those from the Seine bay. In addition, the sediment extracts from the upper part of the Seine estuary exhibited higher genotoxicity than those from the lower part, and no genotoxicity was reported for sediments from the Seine bay. The genotoxic activity was detected only after adding an S9 microsomal fraction, suggesting the preponderant involvement of pro-genotoxic organic compounds. In addition, SOS Chromotest responses obtained with purified organic fractions revealed that PAH and, to a lesser extent, unknown polar organic compounds were probably responsible for this genotoxicity. Altogether, these results suggest that sediments from the upper Seine estuary are genotoxic and embryotoxic, and therefore, could be potentially hazardous for species living or feeding in the area.
Aquatic Toxicology 10/2006; 79(3):257-67. · 3.76 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using a conditioned proboscis extension response (PER) assay, honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) can be trained to associate an odor stimulus with a sucrose reward. Previous studies have shown that observations of conditioned PER were of interest for assessing the behavioral effects of pesticides on the honeybee. In the present study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of nine pesticides on learning performances of worker bees subjected to the PER assay were estimated and compared. Pesticides were tested at three concentrations. The highest concentration of each pesticide corresponded to the median lethal dose value (48-h oral LD50), received per bee and per day, divided by 20. Reduced learning performances were observed for bees surviving treatment with fipronil, deltamethrin, endosulfan, and prochloraz. A lack of behavioral effects after treatment with lambda-cyalothrin, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, triazamate, and dimethoate was recorded. No-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for the conditioned PER were derived for the studied pesticides. Our study shows that the PER assay can be used for estimating sublethal effects of pesticides on bees. Furthermore, comparisons of sensitivity as well as the estimation of NOECs, useful for regulatory purposes, are possible.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 03/2005; 48(2):242-50. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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J. Cachot,
O. Geffard,
S. Augagneur,
S. Lacroix, K. Le Menach,
L. Peluhet,
J. Couteau,
X. Denier,
M.H. Devier,
D. Pottier,
H. Budzinski
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In order to characterize the genotoxicity in the Seine estuary and Seine bay, chemical and toxicological analyses were performed on 17 sediments collected in June 2001 and June 2003. Many potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds – including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and metals – were detected. Those compounds were found to be at relatively high concentrations in the upper part of the Seine estuary but were barely detectable at sites outside the plume from the Seine. The levels of pollution did not vary significantly between the two sampling periods, except that PAH concentrations in sediments collected at Oissel and Le Havre showed a marked increase in June 2003. The toxicity of organic extracts from sediments was evaluated by both embryotoxicity and in vitro genotoxicity (SOS Chromotest) assays. Organic extracts from sediments taken from the Seine estuary appeared significantly more embryotoxic than those from the Seine bay. In addition, the sediment extracts from the upper part of the Seine estuary exhibited higher genotoxicity than those from the lower part, and no genotoxicity was reported for sediments from the Seine bay. The genotoxic activity was detected only after adding an S9 microsomal fraction, suggesting the preponderant involvement of pro-genotoxic organic compounds. In addition, SOS Chromotest responses obtained with purified organic fractions revealed that PAH and, to a lesser extent, unknown polar organic compounds were probably responsible for this genotoxicity. Altogether, these results suggest that sediments from the upper Seine estuary are genotoxic and embryotoxic, and therefore, could be potentially hazardous for species living or feeding in the area.
Aquatic Toxicology.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the marine environment Their toxicity is mainly linked to the ability of marine species to biotransform them into reactive metabolites PAHs are thus often detected at trace levels in animal tissues For biomonitoring purposes this findings have two main consequences (i) the determination of the PAH tissue concentration is not suitable for the evaluation of individual exposure to PAHs (ii) It can explain sometimes the lack of correlations obtained with relevant markers of toxicity such as genotoxicity biomarkers The aim of the present study was to better investigate the link between PAH exposure and genotoxicity in marine flatfish During a laboratory experiment juvenile soles were exposed for four weeks to a mixture of three PAHs namely benzo[a]pyrene fluoranthene and pyrene followed by one week of depuration Fish were exposed via the trophic route to a daily PAH concentration of 120 mu g/g food Fish were sampled at different time points The bioavailability and the biotransformation of PAHs were assessed by the measurement of biliary metabolites using a sensitive UPLC MS/MS method The 7-ethoxyresorufine-O-deethylase was also measured in liver subcellular fractions as a biomarker of phase I biotransformation activities Genotoxicity was assessed in parallel by the measurement of DNA strand breaks in fish erythrocytes by the alkaline comet assay During this study the high amount of PAH metabolites produced in sole demonstrated the bioavailability of PAHs and their biotransformation by fish enzymes A positive correlation was observed between the level of hydroxylated PAH metabolites and genotoxicity as measured by the alkaline comet assay (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Marine Environmental Research (0141-1136) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2010 , Vol. 69 , P. S71-S73.
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M. Farré,
M. Petrovic,
M. Gros,
T. Kosjek,
E. Martinez,
E. Heath,
P. Osvald,
R. Loos, K. Le Menach,
H. Budzinski, [......],
G. Fink,
T.A. Ternes,
E. Zuccato,
P. Kormali,
O. Gans,
R. Rodil,
J.B. Quintana,
F. Pastori,
A. Gentili,
D. Barceló
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Comparability of monitoring data are essential for any meaningful assessment and for the management of environmental risks of emerging pollutants. The reliability and comparability of data at European level is often limited, because analytical methods for emerging pollutants are often not fully validated, not harmonized or not suitable for all relevant matrices.This paper describes a collaborative interlaboratory exercise for the analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) residues in freshwater and wastewater, held in the framework of the EU project “Network of reference laboratories for monitoring of emerging environmental pollutants” (NORMAN). The NSAID compounds selected in this study were ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac.Thirteen laboratories distributed along nine European Countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland) took part in this exercise, 126 samples were analyzed and a total number of 473 values in duplicate were collected.Samples selected in this study include environmental water (river water and waste water) and artificial water (fortified environmental and distilled water) with different ranges of complexity.Two analytical methods were proposed by the organiser; one is based on the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and the second one is based on SPE followed by gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), however, in the first round some different approaches were also admitted.The main goals of this interlaboratory comparison were to evaluate the available analytical schemes for NSAID analysis in natural waters, to evaluate the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) between participating laboratories, and to evaluate the influence of the analytical method and sample matrices on the results.
Talanta.
