Mieczysław Walczak

Publications of Mieczysław Walczak

• Familial distal monosomy 3p26.3-pter with trisomy 4q32.2-qter, presenting with progressive ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features.

  Authors: Elzbieta Petriczko, Agnieszka Biczysko-Mokosa, Joanna Bogdanowicz, Maria Constantinou, Elzbieta Zdziennicka, Anita Horodnicka-Jozwa, Ewa Barg, Sylwia Gawlik-Zawislak, Anna Sulek-Piatkowska, Grazyna Dawid, Mieczysław Walczak, Karolina Pesz, Andrzej Kedzia, Stanislaw Zajaczek

  American journal of medical genetics. Part A. 05/2012;

  We present a boy diagnosed with partial 3p monosomy and partial 4q trisomy. The patient was 9 years of age with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and ataxia. A family history and medicalWe present a boy diagnosed with partial 3p monosomy and partial 4q trisomy. The patient was 9 years of age with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and ataxia. A family history and medical evaluation showed that the father manifested similar facial dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, quadriparesis, and progressive cerebrospinal ataxia. The chromosomal aberration found in the proband was inherited from his father who was found to have a balanced reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 3p and 4q, which was in turn inherited from the paternal grandfather. The final cytogenetic diagnosis according to microarray was 46,XY,der(3)t(3;4)(p26.1;q32.2)arr 3p26.1(39,066-5,363,502)x1,4q32.2q35.2(162,555,236-191,173,881)x3. We describe the cytogenetic investigations that led to the identification of the breakpoints. In addition, we present an overview of the clinical features found in patients with partial 3p monosomies and partial 4q trisomies as reported in the literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

• Bone marrow of multiorgan donors underutilized: implications for improvement of accessibility of hematopoietic cells for transplantations.

  Authors: Bartłomiej Baumert, Miłosz P Kawa, Maciej Kotowski, Katarzyna Grymuła, Krzysztof Safranow, Krzysztof Pabisiak, Ewa Pius, Jarosław Peregud-Pogorzelski, Mieczysław Walczak, Marek Ostrowski, Bogusław Machaliński

  Transplantation. 12/2011; 93(2):165-71.

  The demand for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation is increasing. Thus, effective alternative sources of HSPCs are required. Consequently, we sought to expandThe demand for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation is increasing. Thus, effective alternative sources of HSPCs are required. Consequently, we sought to expand the accessibility of hematopoietic cells for clinical purposes by the investigation of hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation of human HSPCs harvested from the bone marrow (BM) of heparinized deceased organ donors (HDODs). For multipart research comparison, human BM HDODs-, healthy donor-derived, umbilical cord blood nuclear cells, or CD34(+) cells were transplanted into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Twenty-eight days after transplantation nuclear cells were isolated from the murine BM, spleen, and peripheral blood and were used to quantitatively detect human CD45 antigen by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. The clonogenic growth of human colony-forming units was also investigated. We found that umbilical cord blood-derived HSPCs showed the greatest transplantation potential in our in vivo model. Interestingly, the transplantation potential of HSPCs collected from the BM of HDODs was of the same quality as cells obtained from healthy BM donors. Based on these results, we conclude that HDODs are a strongly underappreciated source of HSPCs that are ready to use for clinical purposes.

• [Ocena wpływu leczenia pacjentów z wrodzonym przerostem nadnerczy na masę kostną określoną badaniem densytometrycznym].

  Authors: Hanna Romanowska, Elżbieta Krzywińska-Zdeb, Maria Giżewska, Lilia Kotkowiak, Krzysztof Safranow, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Elżbieta Petriczko, Beata Krupa, Mieczysław Walczak

  Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. 01/2011; 18(1):21-6.

  Wprowadzenie: Stosowane w leczeniu wrodzonego przerostu nadnerczy (wpn) dawki substytucyjne glikokortykosteroidów (GKS) są większe niż fizjologiczne wydzielanie hydrokortyzonu u ludzi zdrowych.Wprowadzenie: Stosowane w leczeniu wrodzonego przerostu nadnerczy (wpn) dawki substytucyjne glikokortykosteroidów (GKS) są większe niż fizjologiczne wydzielanie hydrokortyzonu u ludzi zdrowych. Optymalna dawka powinna zapewnić wyrównanie metaboliczne choroby i nie doprowadzić do powikłań steroidoterapii. Cel pracy: 1. Ocena wpływu leczenia wpn na masę kostną, określoną badaniem densytometrycznym. 2. Ocena zastosowania profili steroidowych w przewidywaniu ryzyka zaburzeń mineralizacji kośćca u chorych z wpn. Materiał i metody: Badano 28 chorych z wpn w wieku od 2,7 do 27 lat, leczonych GKS. Ustalono współczynnik terapeutyczny (WT) i współczynnik steroidowy (WS), które odnoszą się do stosowanych dawek hydrokortyzonu, ocenianych w oparciu o profil steroidowy w moczu, wykonywany metodą chromatografii gazowej z detektorem masowym (GC/MS). Wykonano badanie densytometryczne (DXA) odcinka lędŹwiowego (L1-L4) kręgosłupa, oceniono gęstość mineralną kośćca (BMD) [g/cm2]. Wartości BMD interpretowano jako wskaŹnik Z-score. Wyniki: BMD, wyrażona w Z-score, oceniana według wieku kostnego, była istotnie mniejsza (p <0,01) od BMD wyrażonej w Z-score, odniesionej do wieku kalendarzowego. Im większa była skuteczność leczenia hormonalnego (mniejsza wartość WS lub większa wartość WT), tym większe było obniżenie gęstości mineralnej kości w odniesieniu do wieku kalendarzowego. Wnioski: 1. Większa skuteczność leczenia hormonalnego wiąże się z większymi niedoborami gęstości mineralnej kości w odniesieniu do wieku kalendarzowego chorych z wpn. 2. Ocena profili steroidowych, stanowiących jedną z metod oceny wyrównania metabolicznego choroby, wyrażona przez współczynniki WS i WT, pozwala na praktyczne ich zastosowanie w przewidywaniu ryzyka wystąpienia zaburzeń mineralizacji kośćca u chorych z wpn.

• [Ocena czynności płuc u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycą typu 1].

  Authors: Agata Pieniawska, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Elżbieta Petriczko, Mieczysław Walczak

  Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. 01/2011; 18(1):15-20.

  Wprowadzenie: Zmiany w układzie oddechowym należą do mało poznanych póŹnych powikłań cukrzycy. Mechanizmami prowadzącymi do zaburzeń czynności układu oddechowego u pacjentów z cukrzycą mogą być:Wprowadzenie: Zmiany w układzie oddechowym należą do mało poznanych póŹnych powikłań cukrzycy. Mechanizmami prowadzącymi do zaburzeń czynności układu oddechowego u pacjentów z cukrzycą mogą być: mikroangiopatia naczyń płucnych, zmiana struktury pęcherzyków płucnych, neuropatia wegetatywna układu oddechowego, zmiany reaktywności oskrzeli oraz zaburzenia ruchomości klatki piersiowej. Cel pracy: Porównanie parametrów spirometrycznych u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycą typu 1 i w grupie kontrolnej. Ocena wpływu wyrównania metabolicznego i czasu trwania choroby na wybrane parametry spirometryczne u chorych z cukrzycą typu 1. Materiał i metody: U 35 dzieci z cukrzycą typu 1 i 38 dzieci zdrowych wykonano badanie spirometryczne. Wartości natężonej objętości wydechowej pierwszosekundowej (FEV1), natężonej pojemności życiowej wydechowej (FVC EX), pojemności życiowej płuc (VC), szczytowego przepływu wydechowego (PEF), stosunku FEV1 do FVC EX wyrażono w procentach wartości należnych i porównano je w obydwu grupach. W obliczeniach statystycznych stosowano test Kruskala-Wallisa lub analizę wariancji do sprawdzenia różnic między kilkoma grupami, test Manna-Whitneya lub t-Studenta - między dwoma grupami. Wyniki: W grupie badanej pojemność życiowa płuc VC była mniejsza w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną, różnica ta nie była jednak istotna statystycznie. W grupie badanej stosunek FEV1 do FVC EX był istotnie statystycznie większy niż w grupie kontrolnej (p=0,00094). W grupie badanej szczytowy przepływ wydechowy PEF [%] był istotnie statystycznie mniejszy niż w grupie kontrolnej (p=0,01091). Nie wykazano istotnych różnic między FEV1 [%], FVC EX [%] w grupie badanej i w grupie kontrolnej. W grupie chorych na cukrzycę typu 1 z HbA1c >7% pojemność życiowa płuc VC [%] była istotnie statystycznie mniejsza (p=0,03729) w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wartości FEV1 [%] mieściły się w zakresie prawidłowym, czyli >80% wartości należnej u 34 chorych, u 1 były poniżej normy. Wartość FVC EX [%] mieściła się w granicach normy, czyli >80% wartości należnej u 34 osób z cukrzycą. Jedynie u dziecka 1 wartość ta znalazła się poniżej normy. Stosunek FEV1 do FVC EX mieścił się w granicach prawidłowych, czyli >70% wartości należnej u wszystkich osób z grupy badanej. Pojemność życiowa płuc VC [%] była prawidłowa, czyli >80% wartości należnej u 33 chorych, u 2 pozostawała poniżej normy. Wnioski: Nie wykazano zależności między czasem trwania choroby oraz odsetkiem HbA1c, a wybranymi parametrami spirometrycznymi u badanych dzieci z cukrzycą typu 1. Nieprawidłowe wyrównanie metaboliczne choroby wpływa na obniżenie pojemności życiowej płuc u osób z cukrzycą typu 1.

• A two year observation of the process of applying recombinant IGF-1 to treat short stature in children with primary IGF-1 deficiency - case reports of 3 patients.

  Authors: Elżbieta Petriczko, Beata Wikiera, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Katarzyna Marcinkiewicz, Justyna Szmit-Domagalska, Andrzej Kędzia, Julia Durzyńska, Justyna Broniarczyk, Bartosz Gabryelczyk, Anna Noczyńska, Mieczysław Walczak

  Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. 01/2011; 17(4):233-238.

  Growth deficiency is one of the most frequent causes of referral to Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) deficiency is one of the rarest causes of short stature. InGrowth deficiency is one of the most frequent causes of referral to Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) deficiency is one of the rarest causes of short stature. In 2009 in Poland a therapeutic programme was set up for children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency. The authors present the data of three first polish patients qualified for the rhIGF-1 (recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1) - mecasermin. The authors conclude that the treatment with rhIGF-1 significantly improves growth velocity in patients with IGF-1 deficiency. During two years of mecasermin treatment no serious side effects were noted.Niedobór wzrostu jest jednym z najczęstszych powodów wizyt dzieci w Poradniach Endokrynologicznych. Niedobór IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) jest jedną z rzadkich przyczyn niskorosłości. W Polsce od 2009 r. wprowadzono terapeutyczny program zdrowotny leczenia dzieci z ciężkim pierwotnym niedoborem IGF-1. Autorzy prezentują opis trzech pierwszych polskich pacjentów zakwalifikowanych do leczenia rhIGF-1 (recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1). Autorzy podsumowują, że zastosowanie rekombinowanego ludzkiego IGF-1 w leczeniu niskorosłości powodowanej pierwotnym niedoborem IGF-1 wpływa znacząco na poprawę tempa wzrastania. W czasie 2-letniej obserwacji nie odnotowano poważnych skutków ubocznych terapii.

• [The role of ophthalmological examination in the diagnosis of gangliosidosis GM1].

  Authors: Elzbieta Krzywińska-Zdeb, Maria Gizewska, Monika Modrzejewska, Hanna Romanowska, Iwona Stecewicz, Anna Pawłowska, Martyna Tuziak, Mieczysław Walczak

  Klinika oczna. 01/2011; 113(7-9):266-9.

  Gangliosidosis GM1 belongs to a group of lysosomal storage diseases and results from the deficiency of acidic beta-galactosidase activity. The enzyme is essential for the degradation of gangliosideGangliosidosis GM1 belongs to a group of lysosomal storage diseases and results from the deficiency of acidic beta-galactosidase activity. The enzyme is essential for the degradation of ganglioside GM1 and its derivatives. The disease causes multi-organ injury, however accumulation of ganglioside GM1 mainly in the brain white and gray matter results in predomination of neurological symptoms. Based on the actual knowledge--the condition is untreatable and especially in the very severe infantile form, the duration of the survival is very short. One of the characteristic symptoms of some lysosomal storage diseases, including gangliosidosis GM1, is "cherry-red" spot found in the fundus of the eye. In the publication the clinical course of gangliosidosis GM1 in two infants is presented. The value of an ophthalmological examination in the diagnosis of this rare condition has been emphasized.

• [The "heart-hand" syndrome in a 8-year-old-boy with short stature].

  Authors: Elzibieta Petriczko, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Piotr Prowans, Agnieszka Biczysko-Mokosa, Justyna Szmit-Domagalska, Grazyna Dawid, Mieczysław Walczak, Stanisław Zajaczek

  Wiadomości lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960). 01/2011; 64(1):15-21.

  "Heart-hand" syndrome is a broad category of diseases. The most common form is Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) that occurs in approximately 1:100 000 live births. It is characterized by upper limb defects"Heart-hand" syndrome is a broad category of diseases. The most common form is Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) that occurs in approximately 1:100 000 live births. It is characterized by upper limb defects (carpal bone defects, triphalangeal thumbs, hypoplasia or absence of the thumb and the radial ray) and cardiac septal defects (atrial septal defects or ventricular septal defects). There are three main types of "heart-hand" syndromes. "Heart-hand" syndrome type I--HOS is characterised by atrial septal defect and thumb anomaly, type II (Tabatznik syndrome) by short distal phalanx of the thumb, upper limb abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias, type III by cardiac conduction diseases and shortening of the middle phalanges. The aim of this report is to present a new case of the "heart-hand" syndrome in the family. This diagnosis was established on the base of clinical examination, radiological findings, and echocardiography. Our patient demonstrates congenital bilateral absence of a radial bone and thumbs, dextrocardia and patent foramen ovale.

• Changes in inflammatory biomarkers after successful lifestyle intervention in obese children.

  Authors: Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Joanna Goral, Beata Krupa, Justyna Syrenicz, Mieczysław Walczak, Anhelli Syrenicz

  Endokrynologia Polska. 01/2011; 62(6):499-505.

  Obesity has been associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, potentially leading to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Even moderate weight lossObesity has been associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, potentially leading to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Even moderate weight loss through dietary changes and physical exercise is effective in preventing and managing obesity-associated disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of weight loss in response to a lifestyle modification on the serum levels of inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents. Fifty obese subjects completed a six-month programme consisting of combined hypocaloric diet and moderate physical activity. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen (FB), white blood count (WBC), glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA IR), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), lipids as well as systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before and after intervention. Patients had a 5.3 ± 3.4 kg average weight loss, with significant decreases of SDS-BMI, percentage of body fat, SDS-waist, SBP and DBP, HOMA-IR, HbA(1c) and reductions in serum IL-6, CRP, WBC, FB. In the multivariable linear models, changes in percentage of body fat and HOMA-IR were positively associated with favourable changes in inflammatory parameters. This study demonstrates that weight reduction after successful lifestyle intervention results in improvements of blood inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents.

• Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in obese adolescents.

  Authors: Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Joanna Goral, Beata Krupa, Justyna Syrenicz, Mieczysław Walczak, Anhelli Syrenicz

  Endokrynologia Polska. 01/2011; 62(6):506-11.

  There is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is common and has been associated with several non-bone related outcomes, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascularThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is common and has been associated with several non-bone related outcomes, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The influences of gender, puberty, and adiposity on serum hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and the relationship between 25-OH-D and insulin resistance in obese children were studied. Age, gender, pubertal stage, weight status (standard deviation score of body mass index: BMI-SDS, percentage body fat, waist circumference), 25-OH-D levels, and insulin resistance index calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were evaluated in 64 obese adolescents. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors associated with decreased serum 25-OH-D levels and to study the relationship between 25-OH-D and HOMA-IR. Median serum 25-OH-D level was 10.1 ng/mL (25.2 nmol/L). 14% of patients were vitamin D-sufficient (25-OH-D ≥ 20 ng/mL), 36% had intermediate values (11-19 ng/mL), and 50% were deficient (25-OH-D ≤ 10 ng/mL). In the multivariable model, older age, puberty, higher value of percentage of body fat, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) were all negatively associated with 25-OH-D. Lower 25-OH-D levels were also associated with higher blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR after adjustment for puberty and SDS-BMI. Summer positively correlated with 25-OH-D level. Our study confirms that obesity is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D, common in obese adolescents at risk for type 2 diabetes (older age, puberty, acanthosis nigricans) is associated with worse insulin resistance.

• [Prognostic value of the L-Dopa and clonidine GH stimulation tests in patients with endogenous growth hormone deficiency - retrospective analysis after discontinuation of treatment - own experience.]

  Authors: Elzbieta Petriczko, Justyna Szmit-Domagalska, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Mieczysław Walczak

  Endokrynologia, diabetologia i choroby przemiany materii wieku rozwojowego : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologów Dziecięcych. 02/2009; 15(1):13-9.

  Introduction: Assessment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in short children is still limited with complicated and heterogeneous scheme of the diagnostic tests. The aim of the study: was to estimateIntroduction: Assessment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in short children is still limited with complicated and heterogeneous scheme of the diagnostic tests. The aim of the study: was to estimate a prognostic importance of the GH stimulation tests (L-Dopa and clonidine) in patients with severe (sGHD) and partial growth hormone deficiency (pGHD). The results of growth hormone treatment (rhGH) were analyzed in the both groups. Material and methods: The study group consists of 41 children, which used to be treated with rhGH. An insulin test was performed and according to the results two subgroups were distinguished: sGHD - n=11 and pGHD - n=30. Results: Assessment of the growth velocity (GV) in the firstyear of therapy in the whole study group was 9.0+/-2.6 cm/years (GVSD=4.5+/-4.0). The final height (FH) in the whole group amounted to htSD=-1.2+/-1.1. In the whole group a statistically important negative correlation was found between max GH peakin the insulin test and GV during the firstyear of treatment (r=-0.32 p=0.039) and between maxGH peak in the insulin test and final height standard deviation score (r=-0.36; p=0.02). A significant positive correlation was detected between max GH peak in the insulin test and max GH peak in the L-Dopa test (r=0.35; p=0.03). No analogical correlation was observed in the clonidine test. A statistically important negative correlation was found between max GH peak in the L-Dopa test and patient's final height (r=-0.41; p=0.011). The final height was positively correlated with GV in the first year of treatment (r=0.42; p=0.005). Conclusions: L-Dopa test provides better results in determining GH pituitary reserve than the clonidine test. Patients with sGHD responded better to treatment with rhGH and their final height corresponds more closely to the population norm. A prognostic factor connected with the final results of treatment is also the rate of GV in the first year of treatment.

• [Hypoparathyroidism with calcifications in the central nervous system in an 8-year-old boy--case report].

  Authors: Sylwia Wiercimak, Elzbieta Petriczko, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Grazyna Dawid, Elzbieta Kraśnikow, Elzbieta Hempel-Osipowicz, Mieczysław Walczak

  Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. 01/2009; 15(4):275-8.

  Hypoparathyroidism is a cause of the tetany in children. Except from the signs of generalized neuromuscular irritability it can also present with less characteristic signs of psychomotor developmentHypoparathyroidism is a cause of the tetany in children. Except from the signs of generalized neuromuscular irritability it can also present with less characteristic signs of psychomotor development retardation, calcifications in the soft tissues, including CNS. In our report we describe a case of 8-year-old boy in whom hypoparathyroidism revealed for the first time as an episode of seizures and calcifications of the basal ganglia.

• [Clinical similarity and diagnostic difficulties in differentiation of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 in adolescence - case report.]

  Authors: Elzbieta Petriczko, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Iwona Ostrowska, Justyna Szmit-Domagalska, Krystyna Wójcik, Teresa Adamczyk, Mieczysław Walczak

  Endokrynologia, diabetologia i choroby przemiany materii wieku rozwojowego : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologów Dziecięcych. 02/2008; 14(2):119-23.

  The authors would like to present the difficulties in differentiation of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 in adolescence on the basis of two 17 years-old patients. In both patients' cases theThe authors would like to present the difficulties in differentiation of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 in adolescence on the basis of two 17 years-old patients. In both patients' cases the following symptoms: polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss with hyperglycemia and glycosuria have been observed for a few months. During laboratory studies some additional abnormalities were observed: elevated HbA1c, dyslipidemia and high level of liver enzymes. Normal level of insulin as well as C-peptide lack of ketonuria and negative parameters of autoimmunologic reaction the supported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. Due to insulin therapy and metformin a correct level of glycemia was achieved. Conclusion: Decompensated diabetes mellitus type 2 in adolescents may be difficult to differentiate with type 1.

• Analysis of the sodium iodide symporter expression in histological slides from a nodular goiter.

  Authors: Anhelli Syrenicz, Małgorzata Wolny, Andrzej Kram, Krzysztof Sworczak, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Mieczysław Walczak

  Archives of medical research. 03/2007; 38(2):219-26.

  BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was analysis at both the level and the cell site of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) in histological slides from hot, warm, and cold nodules and extranodularBACKGROUND: The aim of the study was analysis at both the level and the cell site of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) in histological slides from hot, warm, and cold nodules and extranodular parenchyma according to scintigraphy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 97 people who underwent surgery for a toxic nodular goiter (26 patients) or a non-toxic nodular goiter (71 patients). Immunohistochemical study was performed with 198 histological slides from hot, warm, and cold nodules (study slides) and the extranodular parenchyma (control slides). The level of NIS expression was estimated objectively using the computerized image analysis system, Quantimet 600S (Leica, Cambridge, UK). RESULTS: We found significantly higher NIS expression in hot nodules than in cold nodules and in warm nodules than in cold ones. We found significantly higher NIS expression in hot and warm nodules than in the surrounding parenchyma. The level of NIS expression did not differ significantly between cold nodules and the collateral tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that NIS protein participates in the development of hyperthyroidism in the course of a nodular goiter. We confirm that the functional state of a nodular goiter is determined by NIS expression in nodules, not in collateral parenchyma. The low metabolism of cold nodules does not simply result from decreased level of NIS protein or its defective targeting to the cell membrane. The observation of NIS in the cell cytoplasm of hot nodules seems to indicate that the intracellular localization of NIS does not determine loss of its activity.

• Low-grade systemic inflammation and the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese children and adolescents.

  Authors: Anhelli Syrenicz, Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Aneta Gebala, Mieczysław Walczak

  Neuro endocrinology letters. 09/2006; 27(4):453-8.

  BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that low-grade systemic inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate theBACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that low-grade systemic inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum inflammatory markers and selected parameters known as risk factors of type 2 diabetes in obese children and adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fasting levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FB) interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), glucose, insulin, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, white blood cell count (WBC) and fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR) were measured in 281 obese children and adolescents. Pearson's correlation was used for assessing the relationship between inflammatory markers and selected clinical parameters. RESULTS: Inflammatory markers correlated significantly with insulin resistance indices, HbA1c, lipid profile, hypertension, positive family history of type 2 diabetes, low physical fitness, and mixed high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. CONCLUSIONS: Serum inflammatory markers were significantly correlated with most factors implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. These data provide additional support for previously reported in adults relationship between subclinical inflammation and the risk of type 2 diabetes.

• Relation of low-grade inflammation and endothelial activation to blood pressure in obese children and adolescents.

  Authors: Anhelli Syrenicz, Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Aneta Gebala, Grazyna Dawid, Mieczysław Walczak

  Neuro endocrinology letters. 09/2006; 27(4):459-64.

  OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of low-grade, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in the modulation of blood pressure (BP) independently of other traditional risk factors in obeseOBJECTIVE: To determine the role of low-grade, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in the modulation of blood pressure (BP) independently of other traditional risk factors in obese children and adolescents. DESIGN: We surveyed 281 obese subjects, aged 6-18 years to investigate the relationship of serum inflammation and endothelial activation markers and blood pressure. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical variables, indices of obesity, ambulatory 24-h blood pressure and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), glucose and insulin. HOMA IR was used as a marker of insulin resistance (IR). RESULTS: CRP, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and ICAM-1 correlated significantly with mean 24-h systolic BP, whereas CRP and IL-6 was positively correlated with mean 24-h diastolic BP. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum IL-6 (P < .001) concentration, HOMA IR (P < .01), and waist to hip ratio (P < .05) were the significant determinants of systolic BP, whereas CRP (P < .05) level was the only predictor of diastolic BP. There were no significant associations of cell adhesion molecules with BP. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that low-grade inflammation may play a role in the modulation of arterial BP relatively early in life.

• The influence of STAT5 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on the proliferation and apoptosis of selected human cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines.

  Authors: Magdalena Baśkiewicz-Masiuk, Mieczysław Walczak, Ryszard Grzegrzółka, Danuta Rogowska, Bogusław Machaliński

  Archives of dermatological research. 05/2006; 297(10):450-8.

  STAT5 (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of leukaemia and lymphoma; however, their influence on the growth of cutaneous T-cellSTAT5 (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of leukaemia and lymphoma; however, their influence on the growth of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells is not clear enough. The aim of our study was to analyse the function of STAT5 proteins in the proliferation and apoptosis of selected cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines (HUT 78; PB-1; HUT 102B), using antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) strategy. RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to analyse the expression of STAT5 after incubation with antisense ODN (AS ODN). The effect of ODN pretreatment on the cell clonogenecity was analysed in methylcellulose cultures. The process of apoptosis was estimated using two different flow cytometry (FACScan) methods: (1) combined Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, (2) the TUNEL method. Perturbation of STAT5 expression reduced the proliferation of the PB-1 cells after a 24-h exposure to antisense ODNs. Prolonged exposure (72 h) decreased the growth of each examined cell line, especially after antisense STAT5A (AS STAT5A) treatment. Incubation with AS STAT5 induced apoptosis in the population of HUT 78 and PB-1 cells. STAT5s may play a significant role in the growth and the process of apoptosis of selected human cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells.

• Hypoglycemic potency of novel trivalent chromium in hyperglycemic insulin-deficient rats.

  Authors: Bogusław Machaliński, Mieczysław Walczak, Anhelli Syrenicz, Anna Machalińska, Katarzyna Grymuła, Iwona Stecewicz, Barbara Wiszniewska, Elzbieta Dabkowska

  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS). 02/2006; 20(1):33-9.

  Two sources of chromium III, "chromium 454" and "chromium picolinate," were tested in insulin-deficient Streptozocin-treated diabetic rats. This model was selected in order to evaluate theTwo sources of chromium III, "chromium 454" and "chromium picolinate," were tested in insulin-deficient Streptozocin-treated diabetic rats. This model was selected in order to evaluate the possibility of any hypoglycemic potency of chromium in a relative absence of blood insulin concentration. Three weeks of the treatment with CRC454 and CrP resulted in a 38% and 11% reduction of blood glucose levels, respectively. Body weight gains were equally improved by both treatments. Blood levels of CK, ALT and AST were significantly reduced by CRC454 and CrP. These results might suggest that any hypoglycemic effect of trivalent chromium under insulin-deficient conditions could be largely dependent upon the type of chromium agent and associated characteristics such as solubility and bioavalibility. In contrast, improvement of body weight gains and blood levels of CK, AST and ALT seems to be less dependent on the type of chromium compound under these experimental conditions. In conclusion, CRC454 showed significant reduction of hyperglycemia under insulin-deficient conditions.

• Evaluation of concentration of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in different groups of children born with intrauterine growth retardation

  Authors: Iwona Ostrowska, Mieczysław Walczak, Elżbieta Petriczko, Anhelli Syrenicz

  Endokrynologia Pediatryczna. 01/2006; Vol. 5/2006(No 3).

  Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is connected with higher risk of beeing short in childhood and in adulthood. It is estimated that about 20% short adults were born with IUGR. The aim of thisIntrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is connected with higher risk of beeing short in childhood and in adulthood. It is estimated that about 20% short adults were born with IUGR. The aim of this study was evaluation of chosen growth factors (IGF-I, IGFBP-3) in three groups of IUGR children and analysis of correlations between those factors and auxological parameters. Material and methods: This study comprised 65 prepubertal children with birth weight smaller than 10 percentile according to gestational age and sex. Children were devided into three subgroups: 1) group I (n=31) comprised short children (height ≤ - 2 SD) with proper level of GH; 2) group IS (n=13) comprised short children with GH <10 ng/ml; 3) group IK (n=21) comprised children with normal height. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 was performed by RIA. Results: The highest concentrations of IGF-I (358,7±98,10 ng/ml) in IK group was significantly different from group I (302,5±150,9 ng/ml, p=0,02) and group IS (228,9±62,79 ng/ml, p=0,0002). We observed positive correlation between concentration of IGF-I and height SDS, BMI, birth lenght. Mean concentration of IGFBP-3 was comparable between groups. We found positive correlation between IGFBP-3 and birth lenght. In studied group we observed positive correlation between birth lenght and prepubertal weight, height and height SDS. Conclusions: Higher IGF-I concentration might suggest that some of IUGR children seem to be partially IGF-I resistant.

• Relation of acute-phase reaction and endothelial activation to insulin resistance and adiposity in obese children and adolescents.

  Authors: Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Anhelli Syrenicz, Aneta Gebala, Mieczysław Walczak

  Neuro endocrinology letters. 11/2005; 26(5):473-9.

  OBJECTIVES: There is increasing evidence that an ongoing cytokine-induced acute-phase response is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and associated complications such asOBJECTIVES: There is increasing evidence that an ongoing cytokine-induced acute-phase response is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and associated complications such as dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of inflammation and endothelial activation with insulin resistance in childhood obesity. METHODS: Two hundred and eleven (122 boys) obese children and adolescents were examined. Fasting levels of ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), glucose, insulin, and HbA1c were determined. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis method. RESULTS: HOMA IR correlated significantly with all measures of adiposity as well as with majority of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers. After adjustment for age, gender, BMI and fat mass, the correlation with insulin resistance remained significant for CRP, ICAM-1 and von Willebrand factor. There was a trend for association between HOMA IR and IL-6 as well as HOMA IR and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION: Acute-phase reaction and endothelial activation correlate with insulin resistance in obese youth. It is possible that the cluster of these pro-atherogenic factors may contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis in obese children.

• Serum markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in children with obesity-related hypertension.

  Authors: Barbara Garanty-Bogacka, Małgorzata Syrenicz, Anhelli Syrenicz, Aneta Gebala, Danuta Lulka, Mieczysław Walczak

  Neuro endocrinology letters. 07/2005; 26(3):242-6.

  OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that a rise in blood pressure (BP) causes low-grade inflammation of the endothelium which, in turn, may be responsible for further damage of endothelium andOBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that a rise in blood pressure (BP) causes low-grade inflammation of the endothelium which, in turn, may be responsible for further damage of endothelium and worsening of BP control. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levels of inflammation and endothelial activation markers in children with obesity-related hypertension and normotensive controls in relation to other traditional risk factors of arterial hypertension. METHODS: Plasma insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FB) interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and lipids levels were determined in 50 children with obesity-related hypertension and 143 obese children with normal BP. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model. RESULTS: Children with hypertension had significantly higher levels of all inflammatory markers as well as endothelial activation indices compared with normotensive subjects. In the stepwise regression model significant independent correlates for systolic BP were CRP, FB, VCAM-1, HOMA IR, LDL cholesterol and fat mass, whereas CRP, IL-6, ICAM-1, FB, LDL and HDL cholesterol were the determinants of diastolic BP in children with obesity-related hypertension. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are closely involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension relatively early in life.