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Yu Sun Lee,
Kyoung Ju Kim,
Seung Do Ahn,
Eun Kyung Choi,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Sang-Wook Lee,
Si Yeol Song,
Sang Min Yoon,
Young Seok Kim, Jin-Hong Park,
Byung Chul Cho,
Su Ssan Kim
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the utility of the preoperative PET-CT using deformable image registration (DIR) in the treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer and to find appropriate radiotherapy technique for further adequate treatment of axillary nodal area. METHODS: Sixty-five breast cancer patients who had level II, III axillary or supraclavicular lymph node metastasis on 18F-FDG PET-CT and received postoperative radiotherapy after modified radical mastectomy were enrolled. One radiation oncologist contoured normal organs (axillary vessels, clavicular head, coracoids process and humeral head) and involved lymph nodes on PET-CT and simulation CT slices. After contouring, deformable image registration of PET-CT on simulation CT was carried out. To evaluate the performance of the DIR, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Center of mass (COM) were used. We created two plans, one was the historically designed three field plan and the other was the modified plan based on the location of axillary lymph node, and we compared the doses that irradiated the axillary lymph nodes. RESULTS: The DSCs for axillary artery, axillary vein, clavicular head, coracoids process and humeral head were 0.43 +/- 0.15, 0.39 +/- 0.20, 0.85 +/- 0.10, 0.72 +/- 0.20 and 0.77 +/- 0.20, respectively. The distances between the COMs of axillary artery, axillary vein, clavicular head, coracoids process and humeral head in simulation CT and from PET-CT were 13.0 +/-7.1, 20.2 +/- 11.2, 4.4 +/- 6.3, 3.7 +/- 6.7, and 9.5 +/- 25.0mm, respectively. In the historically designed plan, only 57.7% of level II lymph nodes received more than 95% of prescribed dose and the coverage was improved to 70.0% with the modified plan (p < 0.01). For level III lymph nodes, the volumes received more than 95% of prescribed dose were similar in both the plans (96.8 % vs 97.9%, p = 0.35). CONCLUSION: Deformable image registration of PET-CT on simulation CT was helpful in the identification of the location of the preoperatively involved axillary lymph node. Historically designed three-field plan was not adequate to treat the axillary level II lymph node area. Novel treatment technique based on the location of axillary lymph node from PET-CT using DIR can result in more adequate coverage of nodal area.
Radiation Oncology 04/2013; 8(1):104. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIM: In cases of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) where established curative treatment cannot be applied, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been used as a non-invasive alternative treatment modality. However, short-course SBRT may not be safe if the tumor is located around a critical normal organ. Therefore, we applied hypofractionated radiotherapy for these tumors, and evaluated outcomes of this treatment. METHODS: Between December 2008 and August 2011, 26 patients (28 lesions) with HCC were treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Inclusion criteria were HCC not suitable for surgery or other local ablative therapy, a tumor size < 6 cm, adequate hepatic function, a HCC located within 2 cm of a critical organ, and no evidence of vascular invasion. A dose of 4-5 Gy per fraction was given, with a total dose of 40-50 Gy over two weeks. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 67.9%, with 7 complete responses (25.0%) and 12 partial responses (42.9%) at 3 months after radiotherapy. The overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 88.5% and 67.2%, respectively. The local control rate at 2 years was 87.6%. The Intrahepatic recurrence-free and distant failure-free survival rates at 2 years were 36.5% and 68.2%, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 hepatic toxicity was observed in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Two-week schedule of hypofractionated radiotherapy for small HCC was feasible with good local control and safety. This fractionation schedule can be used as an alternative treatment option for HCC located close to a critical normal organ if short-course SBRT is not feasible.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 04/2013; · 2.87 Impact Factor
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Geumju Park,
Sang-Wook Lee,
Sang Yoon Kim,
Soon Yuhl Nam,
Seung-Ho Choi,
Sung-Bae Kim,
Jong-Lyel Roh,
Dok Hyun Yoon,
Su Ssan Kim, Jin-Hong Park,
Young Seok Kim,
Sang Min Yoon,
Si Yeol Song,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Eun Kyung Choi,
Seung DO Ahn
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ABSTRACT: Aim: To compare surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) with the non-surgical combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CCRT) for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tonsil by measuring treatment outcomes and treatment-related complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 114 patients with non-metastatic stage III/IV tonsillar SCC treated between July, 1998 and December, 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Among the 114 patients, 65 received PORT and 49 received CCRT. In the PORT group, treatment included wide surgical resection of the tumor with neck dissection and administration of PORT to the primary tumor bed with a median dose of 60 Gy. In the CCRT group, a median dose of 70 Gy was delivered to the gross tumor, and 46 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with i.v. cisplatin. The median follow-up time was 58 months in the PORT group and 44 months in the CCRT group. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between PORT and CCRT in terms of 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (88.4% vs. 91.4%, p=0.68), distant metastasis-free survival (88.9% vs. 92.3%, p=0.60), disease-free survival (79.5% vs. 84.2%, p=0.63) or overall survival (78.9% vs. 88.9%, p=0.45). More CCRT patients than PORT patients experienced grade 3 (or higher) hematological toxicities and grade 2 pharyngitis during treatment. Chronic toxicity, manifested as swallowing difficulty, dry mouth and trismus, was similar between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: CCRT provides similar levels of local and distant control in patients with locally advanced tonsillar SCC as PORT, yet fails to show any superiority in preserving functions such as swallowing, saliva production, and mastication.
Anticancer research 03/2013; 33(3):1237-1243. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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Yong Sang Hong,
Hwa Jung Kim,
Seong Joon Park,
Kyu-Pyo Kim,
Jae-Lyun Lee, Jin Hong Park,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Seok-Byung Lim,
Chang Sik Yu,
Jin Cheon Kim,
Ji Yeon Baek,
Sun Young Kim,
Tae Won Kim
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ABSTRACT: The goal of the present study was to compare the combination of cetuximab and irinotecan to the combination of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines as second-line chemotherapy in patients with irinotecan-refractory and oxaliplatin-naïve metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harbouring wild-type KRAS. The study included 120 patients with mCRC who had progressed after irinotecan-containing first-line chemotherapy and were never treated with oxaliplatin; 40 patients with wild-type KRAS were accrued prospectively in the experimental arm (arm A), and 80 patients accrued retrospectively were divided into control arms B (n=46) and C (n=34) according to KRAS genotype. Second-line treatments consisted of cetuximab plus irinotecan for arm A, and oxaliplatin plus either 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) or capecitabine (CapeOX) for the control arms. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.3, 5.8 and 3.9 months, for arms A, B, and C, respectively, with statistical significance favouring arm A (p=0.007). Differences in overall survival (OS) did not reach statistical significance (18.3 vs. 12.6 vs. 12.9, p=0.138), although there was a trend toward longer OS in arm A. In terms of benefit from oxaliplatin-containing regimens either as second- or third-line therapy, the median PFS was 5.0 months in arms B and C as second-line, and 4.0 months in arm A as third-line therapy, with no statistical significance (p=0.385). Second-line cetuximab plus irinotecan is a valid treatment strategy for mCRC patients with irinotecan-refractory and oxaliplatin-naïve tumours harbouring wild-type KRAS. Oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy recorded equivalent PFS both as second-line and third-line therapy, permitting to delay FOLFOX and CapeOX until subsequent treatment cycles.
Cancer Science 01/2013; · 3.33 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: In order to evaluate the dosimetric impact of respiratory motion on the dose delivered to the target volume and critical organs during free-breathing radiotherapy, a four-dimensional dose was evaluated using deformable image registration (DIR).Methods: Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images were acquired for 11 patients who were treated for liver cancer. Internal target volume-based treatment planning and dose calculation (3D dose) were performed using the end-exhalation phase images. The four-dimensional dose (4D dose) was calculated based on DIR of all phase images from 4DCT to the planned image. Dosimetric parameters from the 4D dose, were calculated and compared with those from the 3D dose.Results: There was no significant change of the dosimetric parameters for gross tumor volume (p > 0.05). The increase D(mean) and generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) for liver were by 3.1% ± 3.3% (p = 0.003) and 2.8% ± 3.3% (p = 0.008), respectively, and for duodenum, they were decreased by 15.7% ± 11.2% (p = 0.003) and 15.1% ± 11.0% (p = 0.003), respectively. The D(max) and gEUD for stomach was decreased by 5.3% ± 5.8% (p = 0.003) and 9.7% ± 8.7% (p = 0.003), respectively. The D(max) and gEUD for right kidney was decreased by 11.2% ± 16.2% (p = 0.003) and 14.9% ± 16.8% (p = 0.005), respectively. For left kidney, D(max) and gEUD were decreased by 11.4% ± 11.0% (p = 0.003) and 12.8% ± 12.1% (p = 0.005), respectively. The NTCP values for duodenum and stomach were decreased by 8.4% ± 5.8% (p = 0.003) and 17.2% ± 13.7% (p = 0.003), respectively.Conclusions: The four-dimensional dose with a more realistic dose calculation accounting for respiratory motion revealed no significant difference in target coverage and potentially significant change in the physical and biological dosimetric parameters in normal organs during free-breathing treatment.
Medical Physics 01/2013; 40(1):011706. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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Jinhong Jung,
Wonsik Choi,
Seung Do Ahn, Jin Hong Park,
Su Ssan Kim,
Young Seok Kim,
Sang Min Yoon,
Si Yeol Song,
Sang-Wook Lee,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Eun Kyung Choi
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ABSTRACT: To evaluated the patterns of failure, survival rate, treatment-related toxicity and prognostic factors in postoperative radiotherapy of patients with ependymoma.
Thirty patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for ependymoma between the period of June 1994 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The age of patients ranged from 21 months to 66 years (median, 19 years). Seventeen patients had grade II ependymoma, and 13 had grade III anaplastic ependymoma according to the World Health Organization grading system. The postoperative irradiation was performed with 4 or 6 MV photon beam with median dose of 52.8 Gy (range, 45 to 63 Gy), and radiation field including 2 cm beyond the preoperative tumor volume. Median follow-up period was 51 months (range, 12 to 172 months).
Fourteen out of 30 (46.7%) patients experienced recurrence, and 12 of those died. Among those 14 patients who experienced recurrence, 11 were in-field and 3 were out-of-field recurrence. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 66.7% and 56.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor grade was a statistically significant prognostic factor for OS and PFS. There were two complications after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, including short stature and facial palsy on the left side.
We observed good survival rates, and histologic grade was a prognostic factor affecting the OS and PFS. Almost all recurrence occurred in primary tumor site, thus we suggest further evaluation on intensity-modulated radiotherapy or stereotatic radiosurgery for high-risk patients such as who have anaplastic ependymoma.
Radiation oncology journal. 12/2012; 30(4):158-64.
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Eunjin Jwa,
Sang-Wook Lee,
Jae-Seung Kim, Jin Hong Park,
Su Ssan Kim,
Young Seok Kim,
Sang Min Yoon,
Si Yeol Song,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Eun Kyung Choi,
Seung Do Ahn
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative neck lymph node (LN) assessment with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with pathologically positive LN.
In total, 47 OSCC patients with pathologically positive LN were retrospectively reviewed with preoperative (18)F-FDG PET and CT/MRI. All patients underwent surgical resection, neck dissection and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy between March 2002 and October 2010. Histologic correlation was performed for findings of (18)F-FDG PET and CT/MRI.
Thirty-six (76.6%) of 47 cases were correctly diagnosed with neck LN metastasis by (18)F-FDG PET and 32 (68.1%) of 47 cases were correctly diagnosed by CT/MRI. Follow-up ranged from 20 to 114 months (median, 56 months). Clinically negative nodal status evaluated by (18)F-FDG PET or CT/MRI revealed a trend toward better clinical outcomes in terms of overall survival, disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, regional nodal recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival rates even though the trends were not statistically significant. However, there was no impact of neck node standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) on clinical outcomes. Notably, SUV(max) showed significant correlation with tumor size in LN (p < 0.01, R(2) = 0.62). PET and CT/MRI status of LN also had significant correlation with the size of intranodal tumor deposit (p < 0.05, R(2) = 0.37 and p < 0.01, R(2) = 0.48, respectively).
(18)F-FDG PET and CT/MRI at the neck LNs might improve risk stratification in OSCC patients with pathologically positive neck LN in this study, even without significant prognostic value of SUV(max).
Radiation oncology journal. 12/2012; 30(4):173-81.
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ABSTRACT: Occasionally, patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) show acellular mucin in resection specimens that had shown pathologic complete response (pCR), but the clinical and prognostic significance of this finding has been controversial. This study analyzed data from 217 consecutive patients showing pCR to preoperative CRT followed by resection to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and prognostic significance of acellular mucin. Patients were categorized according to the presence of acellular mucin, as identified by pathologic analysis. The clinicopathologic findings and oncologic results were compared. Acellular mucins were identified in 35 (16.1%) of 217 pCR patients. Acellular mucins were found predominantly in male patients (20.8% vs. 9.8%, P=0.039) and in those with mucinous/signet ring cell differentiation (66.7% vs. 15.1%, P=0.008). The presence of acellular mucin was more frequent in patients with a shorter (<42 d) CRT-operation interval (22.6% vs. 10.3%, P=0.017). With a mean follow-up of 41 months (range, 2 to 119 mo), the 3-year overall survival (96.8% with mucin vs. 95.9% without mucin, P=0.314) and the 3-year disease-free survival (97.0% with mucin vs. 93.0% without mucin, P=0.131) did not differ between the groups. The presence of acellular mucin in rectal cancer patients showing pCR to preoperative CRT is associated with male sex and mucinous differentiation and does not have a significant impact on oncologic outcomes. Acellular mucins are also associated with the CRT-operation interval as a phenomenon of time-dependent response to CRT.
The American journal of surgical pathology 10/2012; · 4.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether the patterns of failure are correlated with the degree of response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and to evaluate outcomes after recurrence in rectal cancer patients who underwent CRT followed by resection.
Response to CRT was evaluated according to tumor regression grade (TRG), with 581 patients categorized into two groups, a good response (GR, TRG 3/4, n = 224) and a poor response (PR, TRG 1/2, n = 357) group.
At a mean follow-up of 61 months, the 5-year overall (88.2% vs. 71.3%, P < 0.001) and disease-free (86.7% vs. 63.6%, P < 0.001) survival rates were higher in the GR group. In patients with recurrence, time to recurrence was shorter (13.5 months vs. 18.7 months, P = 0.01), and the cumulative 2-year recurrence rates (92.9% vs. 73.4%, P = 0.024) was higher in the GR group. Rates of local (1.3% vs. 9.5% P < 0.001) and systemic (11.6% vs. 27.2%, P < 0.001) recurrence were significantly lower in the GR group, as were rates of pulmonary (3.6% vs. 15.1%, P < 0.001) and systemic lymph node (1.3% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.009) recurrences. The 5-year overall survival rates after recurrence were similar (GR: 23.7% vs. PR: 16.0%, P = 0.911).
More than one-third of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer showed good response to CRT, with improved local and systemic recurrence rates, especially low rates of pulmonary and systemic lymph node recurrence. Recurrence occurred earlier in the GR than the PR group, and oncologic outcomes after recurrence did not differ between the two groups. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:667-673. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of Surgical Oncology 06/2012; 106(6):667-73. · 2.10 Impact Factor
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Jae-Lyun Lee,
Song Cheol Kim,
Ji-Hoon Kim,
Sang Soo Lee,
Tae-Won Kim,
Do Hyun Park,
Dong Wan Seo,
Sung Koo Lee,
Myung-Hwan Kim,
Jong Hoon Kim, Jin-Hong Park,
Sang Hyun Shin,
Duck Jong Han
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ABSTRACT: To determine the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant gemcitabine/capecitabine followed by surgery for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC).
Patients with histologically confirmed LAPC were given 3-6 cycles of fixed-dose rate gemcitabine/capecitabine every 3 weeks. At the end of chemotherapy, patients were restaged and underwent surgery if the disease was not classified as unresectable. Our institutional criteria were used to classify respectability, which was recategorized on the basis of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria retroactively. The primary end point was rate of microscopic curative resection.
Forty-three eligible patients (18 with borderline resectable disease and 25 with unresectable disease on the basis of NCCN criteria) were enrolled. The radiologic response rate was 18.6%. Grade three or worse adverse events were mainly hand-foot syndrome (11%), and there were no grade four adverse events. Surgery was performed in 17 patients (39.5%); pathologic curative resection (R0) was achieved in 14 patients (32.5%) among total 43 patients, and 82.3% (14/17) among the 17 resected patients. With 43-month follow-up, the median overall was 16.6 months with a median progression-free survival of 10.0 months. Median overall survival was 23.1 months in patients who underwent surgery and 13.2 months in patients who could not complete the surgery (P = .017).
A subset of patients with borderline or unresectable pancreatic cancer could be performed curative tumor resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Some patients might be benefit on survival from neoadjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection.
Surgery 06/2012; 152(5):851-62. · 3.10 Impact Factor
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Ja Young Kim,
Sang-wook Lee,
Jae Seung Kim,
Sang Yoon Kim,
Soon Yuhl Nam,
Seung-Ho Choi,
Jong-Lyel Roh,
Eun Kyung Choi,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Si Yeol Song,
Sang Min Yoon,
Young Seok Kim,
Su Ssan Kim, Jin-Hong Park,
Hyun Soo Shin,
Sei-Kyung Chang,
Seung Do Ahn
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ABSTRACT: (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT have shown clinical usefulness in the initial staging and follow-up of patients with salivary malignancy. Therefore, we evaluated the utility of (18)F-FDG PET in preoperative staging, determining the extent of neck node involvement, and surgical planning for patients with salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) of the major salivary gland.
We evaluated 18 patients with SDC who were assessed by (18)F-FDG PET and CT before surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive values of CT and PET/CT for predicting the primary tumor site and determining the extent of neck node involvement at each dissected neck level were evaluated by comparing imaging findings with pathologic nodal stage.
The median maximum standardized uptake value of the primary lesions and cervical nodes were 4.7 (range, 1.8-12.1) and 5.8 (range, 1.7-13.0), respectively. The sensitivities of (18)F-FDG PET and CT for predicting the primary tumor site were 100% (18/18) and 94.4% (17/18), respectively. In analyzing cervical lymph nodes at 73 dissected neck levels, (18)F-FDG PET had a sensitivity of 76.1%, a specificity of 96.3%, a positive predictive value of 97.2%, and a negative predictive value of 70.3%; the corresponding values for CT were 39.1%, 92.6%, 90.0%, and 47.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value were significantly higher for (18)F-FDG PET than for CT (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively).(18)F-FDG PET determination of the extent of neck node involvement changed the neck dissection regimen in 5 patients (27.8%).
SDC of the major salivary gland is a highly metabolic tumor with high (18)F-FDG uptake. (18)F-FDG PET is useful for evaluating neck node status and for determining surgical planning in patients with major salivary gland SDC.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine 05/2012; 53(6):881-6. · 6.38 Impact Factor
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Sang Hui Moon,
Dae Yong Kim,
Ji Won Park,
Jae Hwan Oh,
Hee Jin Chang,
Sun Young Kim,
Tae Hyun Kim,
Hee Chul Park,
Doo Ho Choi,
Ho-Kyung Chun,
Jong Hoon Kim, Jin-Hong Park,
Chang Sik Yu
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ABSTRACT: Although ypStage has been known as a strong prognosticator of recurrence and survival, the detailed interaction of ypT and ypN classification on a survival rate has never been evaluated.
Between October 2001 and December 2007, in total, 960 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled retrospectively at 3 centers. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate were calculated for each ypTN classification.
The ypT classification interacted with ypN classification to affect survival in most categories. Patients with ypStage 0 and I cancers showed a >90% 5-year OS (ypStage 0, 96.5%; ypStage I, 92.9%; P = .346) and 5-year DFS (ypStage 0, 90.2%; ypStage I, 90.7%; P = .879). Among ypStage III subgroups, large differences in 5-year OS (ypStage IIIA, 90.1%; ypStage IIIB, 68.3%; ypStage IIIC, 40.5%; P < .001) and 5-year DFS (ypStage IIIA, 74.8%; ypStage IIIB, 55.1%; ypStage IIIC, 12.3%; P < .001) were observed. OS and DFS in patients with ypStage IIIA disease were similar to or greater than those in patients with ypStage IIA or IIB/IIC disease. Four patient risk groups were defined: 1) low (ypT0-isN0, ypT1N0, ypT2N0), 2) intermediate (ypT0-2N1, ypT3N0), 3) moderately high (ypT0-2N2, ypT3N1, ypT4N0), and 4) high risk (ypT3N2, ypT4N1-2). Risk grouping showed a narrower range of survival rate compared with ypStage grouping.
ypStage in rectal cancer, defined according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, predicts survival for most ypNT classifications. However, patients with ypStage I rectal cancer have a similar prognosis to those with ypStage 0 cancer, and risk grouping reflects more precise survival outcomes than ypStage. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cancer 03/2012; 118(20):4961-8. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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Ho Jung An,
Chang Sik Yu,
Sung-Cheol Yun,
Byung Woog Kang,
Yong Sang Hong,
Jae-Lyun Lee,
Min-Hee Ryu,
Heung Moon Chang, Jin Hong Park,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Yoon-Koo Kang,
Jin Cheon Kim,
Tae Won Kim
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after simultaneous surgical resection in rectal cancer patients with liver metastases (LM).
One hundred and eight patients receiving total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer and surgical resection for LM were reviewed. Forty-eight patients received adjuvant CRT, and 60 were administered CT alone. Recurrence patterns and prognosis were analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the CRT and CT groups. The inverse probability of the treatment-weighted (IPTW) method based on the propensity score was used to adjust for selection bias between the two groups.
At a median follow-up period of 47.7 months, 77 (71.3%) patients had developed recurrences. The majority of recurrences (68.8%) occurred in distant organs. By contrast, the local recurrence rate was only 4.7%. Median DFS and OS were not significantly different between the CRT and CT groups. After applying the IPTW method, we observed no significant differences in terms of DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.347; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.759-2.392; p = 0.309) and OS (HR, 1.413; CI, 0.752-2.653; p = 0.282). Multivariate analyses showed that unilobar distribution of LM and normal preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level (<6 mg/mL) were significantly associated with longer DFS and OS.
The local recurrence rate after simultaneous resection of rectal cancer with LM was relatively low. DFS and OS rates were not different between the adjuvant CRT and CT groups. Adjuvant CRT may have a limited role in this setting. Further prospective randomized studies are required to evaluate optimal adjuvant treatment in these patients.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 01/2012; 84(1):73-80. · 4.59 Impact Factor
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Sang Min Yoon,
Young-Suk Lim,
Hyung Jin Won,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Kang Mo Kim,
Han Chu Lee,
Young-Hwa Chung,
Yung Sang Lee,
Sung Gyu Lee, Jin-Hong Park,
Dong Jin Suh
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ABSTRACT: We have evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).
A registry database of 412 patients treated with TACE and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for HCC with PVTT between August 2002 and August 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The radiotherapy volume included the PVTT, with a 2- to 3-cm margin to cover adjacent HCC. Intrahepatic primary HCC was managed by TACE before or after radiotherapy.
Median patient age was 52 years old, and 88.1% of patients were male. Main or bilateral PVTT was observed in 200 (48.5%) patients. Median radiation dose was 40 Gy (range, 21-60 Gy) delivered in 2- to 5-Gy fractions. We found that 3.6% of patients achieved a complete response and that 24.3% of patients achieved a partial response. The response and progression-free rates of PVTT were 39.6% and 85.6%, respectively. Median patient survival was 10.6 months, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 42.5% and 22.8%, respectively. Significant independent variables associated with overall survival included advanced tumor stage, alpha-fetoprotein level, degree of PVTT, and response to radiotherapy. Forty-one patients (10.0%) showed grade 3-4 hepatic toxicity during or 3 months after completion of radiotherapy. Grades 2-3 gastroduodenal complications were observed in 15 patients (3.6%).
Radiotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for PVTT in patients with HCC. These results suggested that the combination of TACE and radiotherapy is a treatment option for relieving and/or stabilizing PVTT in patients with advanced HCC.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 05/2011; 82(5):2004-11. · 4.59 Impact Factor
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Jin-hong Park,
Eun Kyung Choi,
Seung Do Ahn,
Sang-wook Lee,
Si Yeol Song,
Sang Min Yoon,
Young Seok Kim,
Yu Sun Lee,
Sung-Gyu Lee,
Shin Hwang,
Young-Joo Lee,
Kwang-Min Park,
Tae Won Kim,
Heung Moon Chang,
Jae-Lyun Lee,
Jong Hoon Kim
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and to identify the prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
We retrospectively analyzed the data from 101 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer who had undergone postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Of the 101 patients, 52 (51%) had undergone complete resection (R0 resection) and 49 (49%) had microscopic or macroscopic residual tumors (R1 or R2 resection). The median radiation dose was 50 Gy. Also, 85 patients (84%) underwent concurrent chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil.
The median follow-up period was 47 months for the surviving patients. The 5-year overall survival rate was 34% for all patients. A comparison between patients with R0 and R1 resection indicated no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival (44% vs. 33%, p=.2779), progression-free survival (35% vs. 22%, p=.3107), or locoregional progression-free survival (75% vs. 63%, p=.2784) rates. An analysis of the first failure site in the 89 patients with R0 or R1 resection indicated isolated locoregional recurrence in 7 patients. Elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p=.001) and progression-free survival (p=.033). A total of 3 patients developed Grade 3 or greater late toxicity.
Adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy appears to improve locoregional control and survival in extrahepatic bile duct cancer patients with R1 resection. The postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level might be a useful prognostic marker to select patients for more intensified adjuvant therapy.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 03/2011; 79(3):696-704. · 4.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Brain metastases (BM) occur in approximately 20-40% of cancer patients. The present study investigated the clinical outcomes of patients with BM from colorectal cancer (CRC) to assess the benefit of systemic chemotherapy (CT) administered after surgical or radiotherapeutic control of BM and to identify independent prognostic factors associated with survival after BM. Between August 2001 and July 2009, 118 patients with symptomatic BM from CRC received either cranial irradiation or craniotomy at two large cancer centers in South Korea. Retrospective review and statistical analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes were performed for all patients. Median time from diagnosis of metastatic CRC to detection of BM was 12.2 months (range 0-76.2 months). Thirteen patients (11%) exhibited brain involvement at initial presentation. Median survival after BM development was 4.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.9 months]. Forty-six patients (40%) had been treated previously with the chemotherapeutic agents fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. Patients who received CT after BM exhibited significantly improved survival compared with those who did not (12.4 versus 3.1 months, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that CT intervention after presentation with BM was significantly associated with survival after BM, and the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.30 (95% CI 0.17-0.51, P < 0.001). Although BM is a late-stage phenomenon in CRC, approximately two-thirds of patients were still unexposed to irinotecan or oxaliplatin at the development of BM in our study. Thus, additional chemotherapeutic intervention after BM associated with CRC may be beneficial for selected patients.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 02/2011; 104(3):745-53. · 3.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although many trials have shown the efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or postoperative CRT compared with surgery alone, the optimal sequence of radiotherapy and surgery is unclear. The authors reported the final results of this single institution prospective randomized phase 3 trial comparing preoperative CRT with postoperative CRT using capecitabine in survival, local control, sphincter preservation, and toxicity for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (cT3, potentially resectable cT4 or N+) were randomly assigned to receive preoperative or postoperative CRT. CRT consisted of 50 Gy/25 fractions and concurrent capecitabine (1,650 mg/m(2)/day). Total mesorectal excision was performed.
From March 2004 to April 2006, 240 patients were enrolled. Clinical characteristics were well balanced between both arms, except for more low-lying (<5 cm from anal verge) tumors in the preoperative CRT arm (60% vs 46%, P = .041). After a median follow-up time of 52 months, the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival, overall survival, and cumulative incidence of local recurrence were similar between both arms. However, for the patients with low-lying tumors, the preoperative CRT arm had a higher rate of sphincter preservation (68% vs 42%, P = .008). Acute and late complication rates were similar between both arms.
Although significant benefit of preoperative CRT in local control and survival was not demonstrated, the data showed that increased rate of sphincter preservation was possible in low-lying tumors without jeopardizing local control and surgical complication by preoperative CRT.
Cancer 02/2011; 117(16):3703-12. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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Seung-Gu Yeo,
Dae Yong Kim,
Tae Hyun Kim,
Hee Jin Chang,
Jae Hwan Oh,
Won Park,
Doo Ho Choi,
Heerim Nam,
Jun-Sang Kim,
Moon-June Cho,
Jong Hoon Kim, Jin-Hong Park,
Min Kyu Kang,
Woong Sub Koom,
Jae-Sung Kim,
Taek-Keun Nam,
Eui Kyu Chie,
Jung Soo Kim,
Kyung-Ja Lee
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ABSTRACT: To investigate long-term outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients with postchemoradiotherapy (post-CRT) pathologic complete response of primary tumor (ypT0) and determine prognostic significance of post-CRT pathologic nodal (ypN) status.
LARC patients with post-CRT pathologic complete response were suggested to have favorable long-term outcomes, but prognostic significance of ypN status has never been specifically defined in ypT0 patients.
The Korean Radiation Oncology Group collected clinical data for 333 LARC patients with ypT0 following preoperative CRT and curative radical resections between 1993 and 2007. Sphincter preservation surgery and abdominoperineal resection were performed in 283 (85.0%) and 50 (15.0%) patients, respectively. Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 285 (85.6%) patients. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used in multivariate analyses.
After median follow-up of 43 (range = 14-172) months, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 84.6% and overall survival (OS) was 92.8%. The ypN status was ypT0N0 in 304 (91.3%), ypT0N1 in 22 (6.6%), and ypT0N2 in 7 (2.1%) patients. The ypN status was the most relevant independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in ypT0 patients. The 5-year DFS and OS was 88.5% and 94.8% in ypT0N0 patients, and 45.2% and 72.8% in ypT0N+ patients (both, P < 0.001).
LARC patients achieving ypT0N0 after preoperative CRT had favorable long-term outcomes, whereas positive ypN status had a poor prognosis even after total regression of primary tumor.
Annals of surgery 12/2010; 252(6):998-1004. · 7.90 Impact Factor
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Yong Sang Hong,
Jae-Lyun Lee, Jin Hong Park,
Jong Hoon Kim,
Sang Nam Yoon,
Seok-Byung Lim,
Chang Sik Yu,
Mi-Jung Kim,
Se-Jin Jang,
Jung Shin Lee,
Jin Cheon Kim,
Tae Won Kim
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ABSTRACT: To perform a Phase I study of preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) with S-1, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine, plus oxaliplatin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the recommended dose.
Radiotherapy was delivered to a total of 45 Gy in 25 fractions and followed by a coned-down boost of 5.4 Gy in 3 fractions. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of a fixed dose of oxaliplatin (50 mg/m2/week) on Days 1, 8, 22, and 29 and escalated doses of S-1 on Days 1-14 and 22-35. The initial dose of S-1 was 50 mg/m2/day, gradually increasing to 60, 70, and 80 mg/m2/day. Surgery was performed within 6±2 weeks.
Twelve patients were enrolled and tolerated up to Dose Level 4 (3 patients at each dose level) without dose-limiting toxicity. An additional 3 patients were enrolled at Dose Level 4, with 1 experiencing a dose-limiting toxicity of Grade 3 diarrhea. Although maximum tolerated dose was not attained, Dose Level 4 (S-1 80 mg/m2/day) was chosen as the recommended dose for further Phase II studies. No Grade 4 toxicity was observed, and Grade 3 toxicities of leukopenia and diarrhea occurred in the same patient (1 of 15, 6.7%). Pathologic complete responses were observed in 2 of 15 patients (13.3%).
The recommended dose of S-1 was determined to be 80 mg/m2/day when combined with oxaliplatin in preoperative CRT, and a Phase II trial is now ongoing.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 05/2010; 79(3):684-9. · 4.59 Impact Factor
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Jun-Sung Kim,
Kyeong Nam Yu,
Mi Suk Noh,
Min-Ah Woo,
Sung-Jin Park, Jin Hong Park,
Jin Hua,
Hyun Sun Cho,
Soon Kyung Hwang,
Eun-Sun Lee,
Youn-Sun Chung,
In-Young Choi,
Se-Chang Kwon,
Myung-Haing Cho
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ABSTRACT: Interferon (IFN) has therapeutic potential for a wide range of infectious and proliferative disorders. However, the half-life of IFN is too short to have a stable therapeutic effect. To overcome this problem, serum immunoglobulin has been fused to IFN. In this study, the efficacy of serum immunoglobulin fused INFs (si-IFN1 and si-IFN2) was evaluated on athymic mice bearing colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells. Seven days after the implantation of tumor cells, each group of mice was injected once a week with si-IFN1 and si-IFN2 at two different concentrations (10 x : 30 microg/kg and 50 x : 150 microg/kg). A slight anti-tumoral effect was observed in all 10 x groups compared to the control. In the 50 x groups, however, si-IFN1 and si-IFN2 showed significant anti- tumoral effects compared to the control. To gain more information on the mechanisms associated with the decrease of tumor size, a Western blot assay of apoptosis-related molecules was performed. The protein expression of cytochrome c, caspase 9, 6, and 3 were increased by si-IFN1 and si-IFN2. These 2 IFNs also increased the expressions of p53, p21, Bax and Bad. Interestingly, si-IFN1 and si-IFN2 decreased the expression of VEGF-beta. Taken together, serum immunoglobulin fused IFNs increased therapeutic efficacy under current experimental condition.
Journal of Veterinary Science 04/2008; 9(1):45-50. · 1.16 Impact Factor
