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ABSTRACT: We presented cytological description of the neurons, glia, and synopses of the anterior amygdaloid area (AAA) of the rat brain
amygdaloid complex (AC), which is one of the zones of sex polymorphism in estrus and after gonadectomy. Electron microscopic
examination of neurons in estrous stage shows that most neurons are highly or moderately active. Functional activity of AAA
neurons decreased after gonadectomy.
Cell and Tissue Biology 04/2012; 2(3):265-271.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this review is a review of literature data, which characterize participation of monoamines brain systems and sex steroids in regulation (modulation) of the amygdalas' functions. Shown were characteristic noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems and their representation in amygdala. Effect ofnoradrenaline, dopamine and serotonine on neurons of Amygdala was shown realized from appropriate cell receptors under modulated influence of sex steroids. Combined participation of monoamines and sex steroids occur in regulation of activity in cyclic centre of secretion and releasing of gonadotropins, constituted a base of forming adaptive (sexual, food and aggressive-defensive) behaviour, including stress reaction. The presented data could be used for understanding influence of gender factor on personality characteristics of humans, cognitive abilities and behavioural reactions, and also in application to development of optimal medicinal treatment of psychoneurological diseases.
Rossiĭskii fiziologicheskiĭ zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk 05/2011; 97(5):483-91.
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ABSTRACT: This review contains the data on the representation of dopaminergic system in the amygdala and its functional importance in the realization of neuroendocrine functions of the amygdala as a reproductive center. The evidence presented indicate the combined participation of dopamine and sex steroids in the regulation of amygdala activity, which exerts a modulating influence both on the centers of gonadotropin secretion and release and on centers of sexual behavior in the hypothalamic area of the brain. It is shown that a significant role in this process belongs to the chemosensory information coming to amygdala from the olfactory bulbs, in which the functional activity of dopaminergic system is also controlled by the amount of sex steroids. This review also presents the data indicating the changes in dopamine metabolism in amygdala structures in the process of formation of the stress-response, food, maternal, aggressive-defensive and deviant behavior.
Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 01/2010; 137(6):64-8.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this review was to summarize the literature data, which characterize the participation of brain noradrenergic system and sex steroids in the regulation/modulation of amygdala functions. Structural organization of noradrenergic system and its representation in corticomedial and basolateral divisions of amygdala is described. This is important for further development of the understanding of the heterogeneity and structural organization complexity of the amygdale, which possesses functional multiplicity. The evidence is presented that may help in comprehension of the influence of gender factor on human personality characteristics, cognitive abilities and behavioral reactions. These data may also be applied for development of optimal clinical medicinal treatment of psychoneurological diseases.
Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 01/2010; 137(5):73-7.
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ABSTRACT: Structural rearrangements in the paleoamygdala during the early juvenile period of development were characterized in studies on 40 Wistar rats of both sexes on days 21, 24, 28, and 31 of postnatal life. Serial frontal sections of the brain stained with cresyl violet by the Nissl method were used to study the cytoarchitectonics of structures within the paleoamygdala (the dorsomedial (Med), the posterior medial (Mep), and posterior cortical (Cop) nuclei) and the dynamics of their formation by recording of planimetric characteristics, with measurements of the numbers of neurons and gliocytes and calculation of glial and apoptotic indexes. The results obtained from these experiments provided evidence for heterochronous morphogenesis and sex-related differences in the differentiation of paleoamygdalar structures. Only the Med was differentiated on day 21 (the beginning of the early juvenile period), while the Mep could be recognized on day 24 and the Cop acquired its characteristic cytoarchitectonics only on day 31 (the beginning of the late juvenile period). Significant gender-related differences in structure were seen in the Med from day 28 and in the Cop and Mep on day 31.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 12/2009; 40(1):85-9.
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ABSTRACT: The location of CART peptide in the paleoamygdala neurons was studied by immunocytochemical reaction. Significant differences in the number of immunoreactive cells and optical density of CART-positive neurons detected over the course of the estrous cycle indicate modulating effects of sex steroids on the expression of CART peptide.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 05/2009; 147(4):394-6. · 0.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We studied the dynamics and gender differences in the formation of the dorsomedial nucleus of the amygdaloid complex in early juvenile period (postnatal days 21, 24, 28 and 31) by determining its planimetric parameters, count of neural and glial cells, and glial and apoptotic indexes.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 10/2008; 146(3):372-4. · 0.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The ultrastructural features of neuroendocrine neurons in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of the amygdaloid body of the brain - one of the major zones of sexual dimorphism - in 12 Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were studied in three males and nine females at different stages of the estral cycle. On the basis of ultrastructural characteristics, analysis of the functional states of an average of 50 DMN neurons were studied in each animal. A morphofunctional classification reflecting hormone-dependent variations in neuron activity is proposed. DMN neurons were found to be in different structural-functional states, which could be classified as the states of rest, moderate activity, elevated activity, tension (maximal activity), decreased activity (types 1 and 2, depending on prior history), return to the initial state, and apoptosis. At the estrus stage, there was a predominance of neurons in the states of elevated activity (40% of all cells) and maximal activity (26%). At the metestrus stage, neurons in the state of decreased activity type 1 (with increased nuclear heterochromatin content) predominated (30% of cells), while 25% and 20% of cells were in the states of maximal activity and elevated activity respectively. In diestrus, neurons in the resting state, in moderate and elevated activity, in maximal activity, and in decreased activity type 1 were present in essentially identical proportions (18%, 21%, 18%, 20%, and 16% respectively). In males, 35% and 22% of neurons were in the states of elevated and maximal activity respectively. Neuron death was seen only in males.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 02/2008; 38(1):31-5.
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ABSTRACT: We developed a classification of neuroendocrine neurons of the dorsomedial nucleus of the cerebral amigdaloid complex of male rats; characteristics of these cells are presented.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 05/2007; 143(4):488-9. · 0.27 Impact Factor
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Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 08/2006; 36(6):581-2.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present work was to study the ultrastructure of small neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) in WAG/Rij rats, which are used as a model of absence epilepsy. A total of 24 rats were studied. The brains of 10 rats were used for studies of the cytoarchitectonics and cytological characteristics of neurons, for which paraffin sections were stained with cresyl violet by the Nissl method. Electron microscopic studies were performed by microscope-controlled harvesting of the RTN with fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Small neurons were found to account for 5-8% of all neurons in the RTN. These had oval bodies, sparse and pale-staining cytoplasm, and were frequently located in pairs. The ultrastructure of these neurons was characterized by poor development of cell membranes, branching of the axon close to the cell body, and multiple axon contacts with the body and dendrites. It is suggested that these neurons are short-axon neurons.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 04/2006; 36(3):283-4.
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ABSTRACT: The ultrastructure of neuron's perikaryons in Amygdala's dorsomedial nucleus of male and female rats at different stages of estrous cycle was investigated. The main functional stages were described. The characteristics obtained reflected the phenomenon of hormone-dependent functional reversion determined by changes in concentrations of sex steroids in blood.
Tsitologiia 02/2006; 48(12):971-9.
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ABSTRACT: Ultrastructural characteristics of neuroendocrine neurons were studied in amygdala dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), which is one of main zones of sexual dimorphism, in 12 Wistar rats with the body mass of 250-300 g, 3 males and 9 females at different stages of the estrous cycle. In each animal, an average of 50 DMN neurons were examined and their functional state was analyzed on the basis of their ultrastructural characteristics. Morpho-functional classification is proposed, that reflects hormone-dependent variations in neuronal activity. It was established that DMN neurons could be found in different structural and functional states, that may be classified as the state of rest, moderate activity, increased activity, stress (peak activity), decrease in activity (two types), return to an initial state and apoptosis. At the stage of estrus, the neurons in the state of increased activity (40% of the total population) and peak activity (26%) were found to prevail. In metestrus, most of the neurons were in the state of type I decrease in activity (with an increase in nuclear heterochromatin content--30% of the cells); peak activity and increased activity were found in 25% and 20% of neurons, respectively. In diestrus, the neurons in the state of rest, moderate and increased activity, peak activity and type I decrease in activity were represented in approximately equal proportions (18%, 21%, 18%, 20% and 16%, respectively). In males, 35% and 22% of neurons, respectively, were found in the state of increased activity and peak activity. Neuronal death was detected only in males.
Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 02/2006; 130(6):25-9.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present work was to compare the cytoarchitectonics, neuronal organization, and cytological characteristics of the dorsomedial, posterior medial, and posterior cortical nuclei of the amygdaloid body (AB) of the rat brain. Series of frontal brain sections stained with cresyl violet and silver nitrate impregnation by the Golgi method were studied. The results showed that rearrangements of the nuclear principle of organization of the gray matter of the nervous system into the screened organization occur within the territory of this complex of nuclei; it consists of a sparsely branched neuron system and contains neuroendocrine cells. It is concluded that this complex of nuclei is unique in terms of its structural organization and the mechanism of development of this part of the AB, which forms in the earliest stages of AB development; it is termed the "paleoamygdala."
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 11/2005; 35(8):799-804.
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Rossiĭskii fiziologicheskiĭ zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk 07/2005; 91(6):697-9.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present work was to identify gender-related differences in the dendroarchitectonics of neurons in the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body and the role of androgens in forming the dendroarchitectonics during the period of sexual differentiation of the rat brain. Golgi staining showed that long-axon, sparsely branched neurons in males had large numbers of primary dendrites, while long-axon densely branched neurons had a greater total dendrite length in females. Administration of testosterone propionate (1250 microg) to females on postnatal day 5 increased the number of primary dendrites in long-axon, sparsely branched neurons in adults as compared with the number in control females; treatment also produced a significant increase in dendrite length in long-axon, densely branched neurons, leading to an increase in the area of the dendritic field.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 06/2005; 35(4):393-7.
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ABSTRACT: Ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells of the dorsomedial nucleus of the cerebral amygdaloid complex (one of the main zones of sexual dimorphism) was studied in different phases of the estrous cycle. The characteristics of the "light" and "dark" cells change depending on the concentrations of sex steroids during estrus and metestrus.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 03/2005; 139(2):260-2. · 0.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The features of neurons in the central part of a amygdaloid body (AB) were studied and compared with published data on similar measures of cells in the anterior and posterior parts of the amygdaloid complex. Neurons were impregnated with silver nitrate using the Golgi method. Neurons were classified and measured as described by Leontovich (1978). Long-axon and short-axon neurons were identified and their quantitative characteristics were described.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 03/2005; 35(2):123-4.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure of the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) in rats of WAG/Rij strain, an established model for human absence epilepsy. Most RTN neurons are medium-to large-sized and have either dark or light appearance, depending on their functional state. Moreover, small-sized neurons with short axons are present, their characteristics being described for the first time.
Tsitologiia 02/2005; 47(6):487-93.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this investigation was to study the ultrastructure of small neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) in rats of the WAG/Rij strain, which is a recognized model for human absence epilepsy. 24 rats were used in these studies. The paraffin sections of the brain taken from 10 rats were stained with Nissl's cresyl violet and were used for the study of neuronal cytoarchitecture and cytological characteristics. For electron microscopic study, RTN was dissected under microscopic control and fixed in cooled 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Small neurons were found to constitute 5-8% of the total number of RTN neurons. They had ovoid cell body, scanty pale-staining cytoplasm, often were seen in pairs. The ultrastructure of these neurons was characterized by poor development of membranes, axonal branching close to the cell body, multiple contacts of axon with cell body and dendrites. It is suggested that the neurons described are short-axonal.
Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 02/2005; 127(1):56-7.
