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ABSTRACT: Bionanoparticles (BNPs), consisting of virus and virus-like assemblies, have attracted much attention in the biomedical field
for their applications such as imaging and targeted drug delivery, owing to their well-defined structures and well-controlled
chemistries. BNPs-based core-shell structures provide a unique system for the investigation of biological interactions such
as protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions. However, it is still a challenge to prepare the BNPs-based core-shell
structures. Herein, we describe (i) co-assembly method and (ii) template synthesis method in the development of polymer-BNPs
core-shell structures. These two methods can be divided into three different systems. In system A, different polymers including
poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PCL-b-P2VP) can form a raspberry-like structure with BNPs. In system B, polystyrene (PS) spheres end capped with free amine and
BNPs can form a core-shell structure. In System C, layer-by-layer (LBL) method is used to prepare positive charged PS particles,
which can be used as a template to form the core-shell structures with BNPs. These two methods may open a new way for preparing
novel protein-based functional materials for potential applications in the biomedical field.
Science China-Chemistry 04/2012; 53(1):71-77. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Supramolecular proteins are generated using a limited set of twenty amino acids, but have distinctive functionalities which
arise from the sequential arrangement of amino acids configured to exquisite three-dimensional structures. Viruses, virus-like
particles, ferritins, enzyme complexes, cellular micro-compartments, and other supramolecular protein assemblies exemplify
these systems, with their precise arrangements of tens to hundreds of molecules into highly organized scaffolds for nucleic
acid packaging, metal storage, catalysis or sequestering reactions at the nanometer scale. These versatile protein systems,
dubbed as bionanoparticles (BNPs), have attracted materials scientists to seek new opportunities with these pre-fabricated
templates in a wide range of nanotechnology-related applications. Here, we focus on some of the key modification strategies
that have been utilized, ranging from basic protein conjugation techniques to more novel strategies, to expand the functionalities
of these multimeric protein assemblies. Ultimately, in combination with molecular cloning and sophisticated chemistries, these
BNPs are being incorporated into many applications ranging from functional materials to novel biomedical drug designs.
KeywordsBionanoparticles-virus-bioconjugation-nanomaterials-bioimaging-drug delivery
Nano Research 04/2012; 2(5):349-364. · 6.97 Impact Factor
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Zhongwei Niu,
Saswat Kabisatpathy,
Jinbo He,
L. Andrew Lee,
Jianhua Rong,
Lin Yang,
Godfrey Sikha,
Branko N. Popov,
Todd S. Emrick,
Thomas P. Russell,
Qian Wang
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ABSTRACT: A sol-gel process has been developed to incorporate bionanoparticles, such as turnip yellow mosaic virus, cowpea mosaic virus,
tobacco mosaic virus, and ferritin into silica, while maintaining the integrity and morphology of the particles. The structures
of the resulting materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The results show that the shape and surface morphology of the bionanoparticles are largely
preserved after being embedded into silica. After removal of the bionanoparticles by calcination, mesoporous silica with monodisperse
pores, having the shape and surface morphology of the bionanoparticles replicated inside the silica, was produced,. This study
is expected to lead to both functional composite materials and mesoporous silica with structurally well-defined large pores.
KeywordsMesoporous silica-bionanoparticles-virus-ferritin-sol-gel
Nano Research 04/2012; 2(6):474-483. · 6.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Dynamic self-assembly of nonvolatile solutes via controlled solvent evaporation has been exploited as a simple route to create a variety of hierarchically assembled structures. In this work, two glass slides were used to form a confined space in which a solution of a rodlike nanoparticle, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), was evaporated to create large-scale stripe patterns. The height and width of the stripes are dependent on the TMV concentration. The large-scale-patterned surfaces can be applied to control surface hydrophobicity and direct the growth of bone marrow stromal cells. We systematically studied the effects of stripe width and height on surface hydrophobicity using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurements. This technique offers a facile approach to form 2D patterns on a large surface from a wide range of proteins as well as other biomacromolecules.
Langmuir 02/2011; 27(4):1398-402. · 4.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The generation of novel multifunctional materials with hierarchical ordering is a major focus of current materials science and engineering. For such endeavors, fluid interfaces, such as air-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces, offer ideal platforms where nanoparticles or colloidal particles can accumulate and self-assemble. Different assembly processes and reactions have been performed at fluid interfaces to generate hierarchical structures, including two-dimensional crystalline films, colloidosomes, raspberry-like core-shell structures, and Janus particles, which lead to broad applications in drug delivery and controlled release, nanoelectronics, sensors, food supplements, and cosmetics.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 12/2010; 49(52):10052-66. · 13.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: RNA-coat protein interactions in intact tobacco mosaic virus have been investigated for the first time directly on the single-molecule level by pulling the genetic RNA step by step out of the helical groove formed by its protein coat. The effects of pulling speed and pH on RNA-protein interactions are presented. In addition, the rebinding behavior of the detached RNA with the protein coat is discussed. Our results demonstrate the possibility of studying nucleic acid-protein interactions in more complicated systems using AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 08/2010; 132(32):11036-8. · 9.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: By means of a slow drying process and the control of surface charge characteristics, protein stripe patterns were readily prepared on the luminal surface of a capillary. We systematically studied the effects of surface properties, pH, and protein concentration on pattern formation using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance measurement. By balancing these parameters, a broad selection of proteins could be assembled within a capillary with well-defined stripe patterns. Neutravidin, one of the model proteins, was specifically chosen to demonstrate the bioactivity retained through the assembly process by interaction with fluorescently labeled biotin motifs. This technique therefore offers a facile approach for patterning proteins and other biomacromolecules in capillary tubes.
Langmuir 08/2010; 26(15):12803-9. · 4.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The M13 bacteriophage has been demonstrated to be a robust scaffold for bionanomaterial development. In this paper, we report on the chemical modifications of three kinds of reactive groups, i.e., the amino groups of lysine residues or N-terminal, the carboxylic acid groups of aspartic acid or glutamic acid residues, and the phenol group of tyrosine residues, on M13 surface. The reactivity of each group was identified through conjugation with small fluorescent molecules. Furthermore, the regioselectivity of each reaction was investigated by HPLC-MS-MS. By optimizing the reaction condition, hundreds of fluorescent moieties could be attached to create a highly fluorescent M13 bacteriophage. In addition, cancer cell targeting motifs such as folic acid could also be conjugated onto the M13 surface. Therefore, dual-modified M13 particles with folic acid and fluorescent molecules were synthesized via the selective modification of two kinds of reactive groups. Such dual-modified M13 particles showed very good binding affinity to human KB cancer cells, which demonstrated the potential applications of M13 bacteriophage in bioimaging and drug delivery.
Bioconjugate Chemistry 07/2010; 21(7):1369-77. · 4.93 Impact Factor
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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 12/2009; 49(5):868-72. · 13.45 Impact Factor
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08/2009: pages 1 - 29; , ISBN: 9783527627011
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Jinbo He, Zhongwei Niu,
Ravisubhash Tangirala,
Jia-Yu Wang,
Xinyu Wei,
Gagandeep Kaur,
Qian Wang,
Günther Jutz,
Alexander Böker,
Byeongdu Lee,
Sai Venkatesh Pingali,
Pappannan Thiyagarajan,
Todd Emrick,
Thomas P Russell
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ABSTRACT: The oil/water interfacial assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been studied in situ by tensiometry and small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS). TMV showed different orientations at the perfluorodecalin/water interface, depending on the initial TMV concentration in the aqueous phase. At low TMV concentration, the rods oriented parallel to the interface, mediating the interfacial interactions at the greatest extent per particle. At high TMV concentrations, the rods were oriented normal to the interface, mediating the interfacial interactions and also neutralizing inter-rod electrostatic repulsion. We found that the inter-rod repulsive forces between TMVs dominated the in-plane packing, which was strongly affected by the ionic strength and the bulk solution but not by the pH in the range of pH = 6-8.
Langmuir 06/2009; 25(9):4979-87. · 4.19 Impact Factor
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Gagandeep Kaur,
Jinbo He,
Ji Xu,
Saivenkatesh Pingali,
Günther Jutz,
Alexander Böker, Zhongwei Niu,
Tao Li,
Dustin Rawlinson,
Todd Emrick,
Byeongdu Lee,
Pappannan Thiyagarajan,
Thomas P Russell,
Qian Wang
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ABSTRACT: An extensive study of the factors that affect the interfacial assembly of bionanoparticles at the oil/water (O/W) interface is reported. Bionanoparticles, such as viruses, have distinctive structural properties due to the unique arrangement of their protein structures. The assembly process of such bionanoparticles at interfaces is governed by factors including the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous layer, concentration of the particles, and nature of the oil phase. This study highlights the impact of these factors on the interfacial assembly of bionanoparticles at the O/W interface using native turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) as the prototype. Robust monolayer assemblies of TYMV were produced by self-assembly at the O/W interface using emulsions and planar interfaces. TYMV maintained its structure and integrity under different assembly conditions. For the emulsion droplets, they were fully covered with TYMV as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM). Tensiometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) further supported this finding. Although the emulsions offered a complete coverage by TYMV particles, they lacked long-range ordering due to rapid exchange at the interface. By altering the assembly process, highly ordered, hexagonal arrays of TYMV were obtained at planar O/W interfaces. The pH, ionic strength, and viscosity of the solution played a crucial role in enhancing the lateral ordering of TYMV assembled at the planar O/W interface. This interfacial ordering of TYMV particles was further stabilized by introduction of a positively charged dehydroabietyl amine (DHAA) in the organic phase which held the assembly together by electrostatic interactions. The long-range array formation was observed using TEM and SFM. The results presented here illustrate that the interfacial assembly at the O/W interface is a versatile approach to achieve highly stable self-assembled structures.
Langmuir 05/2009; 25(9):5168-76. · 4.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A practical process to synthesize bio-colloidal composites was developed on the basis of the noncovalent interactions of icosahedral plant virus turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP). TYMV particles fully covered the surface of a P4VP ball with a hexagon-like packing. The raspberry-like morphology of TYMV-P4VP colloids and the packing pattern of TYMV were revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The size of TYMV-P4VP colloids was controlled readily by varying the mass ratio of virus and polymer. A simplified model was established to explain the experimental data.
03/2009;
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ABSTRACT: Fibrillar M13 bacteriophages were used as basic building blocks to generate thin films with aligned nanogrooves, which, upon chemical grafting with RGD peptides, guide cell alignment and orient the cell outgrowth along defined directions.
Chemical Communications 12/2008; · 6.17 Impact Factor
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Small 10/2008; 4(10):1624-9. · 8.35 Impact Factor
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Advanced Materials 01/2008; · 13.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: One-dimensional (1D) conductive nanowire is one of the most important components for the development of nanosized electronic devices, sensors, and energy storage units. Great progresses have been made to prepare the 1D-conducting polymeric nanofibers by the low concentration process or the synthesis with hard or soft templates. However, it still remains as a great challenge to prepare polymeric nanofibers with narrow dispersity, high aspect ratio, and good processibility. With the rod-like tobacco mosaic virus as the template, 1D-conducting polyaniline and polypyrrole nanowires can be readily prepared via a hierarchical assembly process. This synthesis discloses a unique way to produce composite fibrillar materials with controlled morphology and great processibility, which can promote many potential applications including electronics, optics, sensing, and biomedical engineering.
Nano Letters 01/2008; 7(12):3729-33. · 13.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: COMMUNICATION www.rsc.org/[journal] | [journal name] This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year] [journal], [year], [vol], 00–00 | 1 Thim films with aligned nanogrooves were fabricated using RGD-grafted fibrillar M13 bacteriphage as building blocks, which were used to guide the cell alignment and oriented growth along definite directions. 10 Cell behaviors are a complex orchestration of signaling between cell to cell and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding the biological intricacies between the cell and ECM is critical to general biological questions and the design of functional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Patterning and 15 aligning scaffolds at micro-and nano-scales with topographical features (indentations or grooves) as well as ligand organization have been reported to influence cell responses, in particularly, the oriented cell growth.[1-4] Micro-contact printing, [5-7] photolithography [8] and electrospinning [9] have been 20 extensively used to design indentations and grooves at the micro-and nanoscale to systematically characterize cell behaviors towards such patterned surfaces. Here, we report a new system, the thin film derived from self-assembled bacteriophage M13, which can be employed as a new scaffold to direct cell growth. 25 For years, bacteriophages and other viruses have been utilized as drug delivery vehicles and vaccines, and in the past decade these particles are broadly exploited for material development. [10, 11] The relatively simple chemistry and the facile genetic reprogramming of viruses placed these biological materials in the 30 crosshairs of many material scientists to generate novel nanosized systems. M13 bacteriophage, in particular, has been extensively characterized over the past years for use in phage display and inorganic material deposition. [12] Its innate ability to organize into liquid crystalline, along with well-defined nanostructures, 35 highly evolved molecular cloning strategy, and rapid production in large quantities, the bacteriophage possesses many key features as a powerful building material. [13-17] In this study, we explored the M13 phage's natural tendency to form well-ordered films and the effects on cell behaviors. 40 To generate viral films, phage suspension was slowly dried in the well of the 12-well plate over three days to yield liquid crystalline films. Similar to previous reports of M13 viral films, [13] we obtained ordered patterns with light and dark band patterns that could be directly visualized under the optical 45 microscope (Fig. 1a). The periodic spacing of patterns was from 1 to 4 μm. The mammalian cell line, NIH-3T3 fibroblast was seeded on the viral films at 10×10 3 cell/cm 2 using standard methods. NIH-3T3 cells were maintained in DMEM (HyClone) supplemented with 10% neonatal calf serum and 4mM L-50
Chemical Communications 01/2008; · 6.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Mechanical properties of polyaniline (PANI) coated self-assembled tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanotubes were measured by nanoindentation with an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. The elastic modulus of PANI/TMV core-shell biocomposite tubes (outer diameter: 19 nm, inner diameter: 4 nm, PANI coating thickness: 0.5 nm) was measured from the AFM force-displacement curves. Structural characteristics of the PANI coating, TMV tube, and their interface were studied by comparing the mechanical properties of individual constituent materials. Results showed that coating with a thin layer of PANI can change the physical and chemical properties of TMV nanotubes. The deformation behavior of such core-shell biocomposite tubes is discussed in conjunction with the obtained AFM force-displacement curves, van der Waals interaction between PANI and TMV, and mechanical properties of individual constituent materials.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 01/2008; 87(1):8-14. · 2.63 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using biological templates to build one-dimensional functional materials holds great promise in developing nanosized electrical devices, sensors, catalysts, and energy storage units. In this communication, we report a versatile assembly process for the preparation of water-soluble conductive polyaniline (PANi)/M13 composite nanowires by employing the bacteriophage M13 as a template. The surface lysine residues of M13 can be derivatized with carboxylic groups to improve its binding ability to the aniline; the resulting modifi ed M13 is denoted as m-M13. Highly negatively-charged poly(sulfonated styrene) was used both as a dopant acid and a stabilizing agent to enhance the stability of the composite fi bers in aqueous solution. A transparent solution of the conductive PANi/m-M13 composite fi bers can be readily obtained without any further purifi cation step. The fi bers can be easily fabricated into thin conductive fi lms due to their high aspect ratio and good solubility in aqueous solution. This synthesis discloses a unique and versatile way of using bionanorods to produce composite fi brillar materials with narrow dispersity, high aspect ratio, and high processibility, which may have many potential applications in electronics, optics, sensing, and biomedical engineering.
Nano Research 01/2008; · 6.97 Impact Factor
