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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium ascorbate on bond strength of different adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin. Eighty extracted molar teeth were used in the study. The buccal enamel surfaces were removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were mounted in self-curing resin and dentin surfaces were irrigated with NaOCl for 10 min. Half of the specimens were treated with sodium ascorbate for 10 min. The teeth were randomly assigned to four subgroups according to the adhesive systems used (Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Adper Prompt-L-Pop, Adper Single Bond 2). Bond strengths were determined with a Universal Testing Machine, at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analysed using anova at a significance level of 0.05. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the effect of sodium ascorbate application on bond strength of adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The bond strength results were significantly influenced by the application of sodium ascorbate (P < 0.05) and there was a significant difference between the adhesive systems (P < 0.05). Although statistically significant differences were not demonstrated in all adhesive resin groups, sodium ascorbate application after NaOCl treatment improved the bond strength values.
Australian Endodontic Journal 04/2010; 36(1):12-8. · 0.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the 12 month clinical performances of two different posterior composites in Class I and Class II restorations.
Thirty-one patients (10 male, 21 female) were recruited into the study. A total of 82 Class I and Class II cavities were restored with either a nanohybrid composite (Grandio) or a low-shrinkage composite (Quixfil), using their self etch adhesives (Futura Bond and Xeno III) according to manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated 1 week after placement as baseline, and after 6 and 12 months post-operatively using modified USPHS criteria by two previously calibrated operators. Statistical analysis were performed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (P<.05).
All patients attended the 12-month recall. Lack of retention was not observed in any of the restorations. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences were found between two restorative materials tested after 12 months (P>.05). None of the restorations had marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss on the 12 month follow-up. Restorations did not exhibit post-operative sensitivity at any evaluation period.
Clinical assessment of nanohybrid (Grandio) and low-shrinkage posterior composite (Quixfil) exhibited good clinical results with predominating alpha scores after 12 months. However; further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performance of these materials.
European journal of dentistry. 01/2010; 4(1):57-65.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of 2 polishing systems on surface roughness of tooth-colored restorative materials.
The materials included 3 flowable resins (Admira Flow, Voco; Dyract Flow, Dentsply; Filtek Flow, 3M ESPE) and a micro?hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). Eighteen specimens of each material were prepared using a Plexiglas well covered by a Mylar strip (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth). The Ra (baseline) was measured with a Mitutoyo Surftest-402 Surface Roughness Tester (Mitutoyo) with a standard cut-off value of 0.8 mm. Five tracings at different locations on each specimen were made. The specimens were then randomly divided into two finishing and polishing groups (n = 9): (1) Sof-Lex Pop-on disks (3M ESPE), and (2) Astropol and Astrobrush system (Ivoclar Vivadent). After finishing and polishing, surface roughness of the specimens was remeasured. Data were analyzed using 1- and 2-way ANOVA, at P < .05.
The Mylar strip produced the smoothest surface in all restorative materials, while 2-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference for the finishing and polishing procedures (P = .000). The smoothest surface was generated with Sof-Lex Pop-on disks for all the materials tested. In procedure 2 (diamond bur/Astropol and Astrobrush system), Admira Flow group received the highest average surface roughness value, and a significant difference was revealed between Admira Flow and the other resins (P = .001).
Sof-Lex Pop-on disks produced a smoother surface than Astropol and Astrobrush silicone polishers for microhybrid and flowable composites.
Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany: 1985) 10/2009; 40(9):783-9. · 0.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare the effects of quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and light-emitting-diode (LED) curing units on the 3-year clinical performance of a nanofilled composite resin in noncarious cervical lesions.
Twenty-six patients with at least 2 noncarious cervical lesions were enrolled in the study. A total of 154 restorations were placed: half polymerized with QTH and half polymerized with LED. Single Bond was used as the adhesive and Filtek Supreme was used as the restorative material for all restorations. The restorations were assessed by two different examiners using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. The survival rates were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-Rank test, and the statistical analysis was completed using Pearson's chi-square test (p < 0.05).
Twenty patients were available for recall after 3 years and 114 restorations were evaluated (recall rate of 74%). The survival rate was 84% for QTH and LED polymerized restorations. There were no statistically significant differences in survival rates between the light-curing units (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed between QTH and LED polymerized restorations in terms of any of the evaluation criteria at the end of 3 years (p > 0.05). No color change in the restorations was observed and none of them exhibited secondary caries at the end of 3 years.
Over the 3-year study period, both curing units, QTH and LED, produced acceptable clinical results in noncarious cervical lesions.
The journal of adhesive dentistry 09/2009; 12(3):231-6. · 1.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different light curing units and modes on microleakage of flowable composite resins.
Eighty Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 extracted human premolars with cervical wall located in dentin and the occlusal wall in enamel. These teeth were randomly assigned into two groups (n=20) and restored with different flowable composites; Group I: Esthet-X Flow, Group II: Grandio Flow. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups; while the samples of the first subgroup were polymerized with conventional Halogen light, the rest of them were polymerized with different curing modes of Light Emitting Diode (LED). The second subgroup was polymerized with fast-curing; the third subgroup with pulse-curing and those of the fourth subgroup with step-curing modes of LED. After the samples were thermocycled and immersed in dye, they were longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
None of the restorations showed leakage on enamel margins. On dentin margins no significant differences were observed between flowable composite resins polymerized with halogen light (P>.05). While step curing mode of LED presented significant differences between the resins, the difference was insignificant when fast-curing and pulse-curing mode of LED were used. No statistically significant differences were observed between curing units for Esthet-X Flow samples. For Grandio Flow samples, only step-curing mode of LED caused statistically higher leakage scores than halogen and other curing modes of LED (P<.05).
The effect of curing units' type and curing mode on flowable composite resin leakage might be material-dependent.
European journal of dentistry 10/2008; 2(4):240-6.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 commercially available mouth rinses on the color stability of 4 different resin-based composite restorative materials.
Forty disc-shaped specimens (10x2 mm) were prepared from each of the following materials: A nanofill composite Filtek Supreme XT (3M/Espe, St. Paul, MN, USA); a packable low-shrinkage composite, AeliteLS Packable (BISCO, Inc, Shaumburg, IL, USA); nanoceramic composite resin Ceram-X (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); a microhybrid composite, and Aelite All-Purpose Body (BISCO). The specimens were then incubated in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale. After baseline color measurements, 10 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 1 of the 3 mouth rinses and distilled water as control. The specimens were stored in 20 mL of each mouth rinse (Oral B Alcohol-free, Listerine Tooth Defense Anti-cavity Fluoride Rinse and Klorhex) for 12 hours. After immersion, the color values of all specimens were remeasured, and the color change value DeltaE*ab was calculated. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance at a significance level of .05.
All specimens displayed color changes after immersion, and there was a statistically significant difference among restorative materials and mouth rinses (P<.05); however, the change was not visually perceptible (DeltaE*ab<3.3). The interaction between the effect of mouth rinses and type of restorative materials was not statistically significant (P>.05).
It may be concluded that although visually nonperceptible, all resin restorative materials tested showed a color difference after immersion in different mouth rinses.
European journal of dentistry 10/2008; 2(4):247-53.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and color of porcelain modified by extraoral polishing sequences. Six different surface treatment regimens (diamond burs, self-glaze, overglaze, reglaze, Pearl Surface polishing system, and Diamond Twist SCL) were applied to 60 porcelain disks (n = 10 per group). Profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for the determination of surface roughness (Ra); color changes (DE*) were investigated by spectrophotometry. Statistical comparisons were made using analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Surface treatments significantly affected Ra values (P < .001) but had no effect on color (P > .05). AFM findings were consistent with Ra values. Color did not appear to be correlated with surface roughness (P > .05). The findings concluded that the Pearl Surface system helps to decrease chairside time and may be used as an alternative to overglazing. Int J Prosthodont 2009;22:472-475.
The International journal of prosthodontics 22(4):472-5. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the two-year clinical performance of one microhybrid composite and three different types of flowable resin materials in non-carious cervical lesions. A total of 252 noncarious cervical lesions were restored in 37 patients (12 male, 25 female) with Admira Flow, Dyract Flow, Filtek Flow and Filtek Z250, according to manufacturers' instructions. All the restorations were placed by one operator, and two other examiners evaluated the restorations clinically within one week after placement and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, using modified USPHS criteria. At the end of 24 months, 172 restorations were evaluated in 26 patients, with a recall rate of 68%. Statistical analysis was completed using the Pearson Chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests (p < 0.05). Additionally, survival rates were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-Rank test (p < 0.05). The Log-Rank test indicated statistically significant differences between the survival rates of Dyract Flow/Admira Flow and Dyract Flow/Filtek Z250 (p < 0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference between Dyract Flow and the other materials for color match at 12 and 18 months, no significant difference was observed among all of the materials tested at 24 months. Significant differences were revealed between Filtek Z250 and the other materials for marginal adaptation at 18 and 24 months (p < 0.05). With respect to marginal discoloration, secondary caries, surface texture and anatomic form, no significant differences were found between the resin materials (p > 0.05). It was concluded that different types of resin materials demonstrated acceptable clinical performance in non-carious cervical lesions, except for the retention rates of the Dyract Flow restorations.
Operative Dentistry 32(4):313-21. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the bond strength of resin composite to dentin, mediated by a self-etching adhesive, following the application of various dentin desensitizing treatments and artificial saliva storage. The buccal cervical areas of 24 extracted human third molars were ground flat to expose cervical dentin. The dentin surfaces were polished with 1200-grit SiC paper, then the teeth were randomly assigned to six groups, five desensitizing treatments and one control: Group I-VivaSens; Group II-Fluor Protector; Group III-Isodan; Group IV-Futura Bond NR; Group V-Nd:YAG laser and Group VI-Control (without application of a desensitizing agent). After applying the desensitizing treatments and storing the molars in artificial saliva for 14 days at 37 degrees C, Futura Bond NR was used to bond resin composite to dentin. TPH composite build-ups were constructed incrementally to a height of 5 mm. The teeth were sectioned to obtain bonded slices of 0.7 mm thick specimens containing the resin-composite joint. The specimens were then trimmed into an hourglass shape and subsequently subjected to microtensile testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis and multiple comparisons test. The control (Group VI) and Futura Bond NR self-etching treatment (Group IV) group yielded statistically significant higher bond strength values than the other desensitizing treatment groups tested (p < 0.005). While pretreatment of dentin surfaces with desensitizing agents (Fluor Protector, VivaSens and Isodan) and laser (Nd:YAG) reduced the bond strength values of the resin composite, higher bond strengths were achieved using a self-etching adhesive (Futura Bond NR) as a desensitizing agent.
Operative Dentistry 32(5):451-6. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of two different light curing units and two staining solutions on the color stability of a hybrid composite and a nanohybrid composite after different immersion periods. Thirty disk-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter, 2-mm thick) were fabricated for each of the resin composites, Clearfil AP-X and Filtek Supreme. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups according to the curing unit used: Group I specimens (n = 15) were cured with a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) light for 40 seconds, and Group II specimens (n = 15) were cured with a light-emitting diode (LED) unit in standard mode for 40 seconds. The specimens were incubated in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Then, the baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a spectrophotometer according to the CIELab color scale. After baseline color measurements, five randomly selected specimens from each group (Groups I and II) were immersed in one of two staining solutions (tea or coffee) or distilled water (control). After 1, 7 and 30 days of immersion, the color values of each specimen were remeasured and the color change value (deltaE*ab) calculated. Color changes caused by immersion in tea and coffee for 30 days were only perceptible in the Clearfil AP-X specimens cured with QTH or LED. In the Filtek Supreme specimens, coffee perceptibly stained the teeth after all immersion periods and tea stained after 30 days. Polymerization with QTH or LED did not cause any significant difference in the color stability of Clearfil AP-X or Filtek Supreme. While there were no significant differences between staining solutions in the Clearfil AP-X specimens cured with LED after one and seven days of storage and one day of storage in the QTH cured specimens, significant differences were observed between water and coffee after seven days of storage. In the Filtek Supreme specimens cured with QTH or LED, there were statistically significant differences between the staining solutions after one and seven days of storage. After 30 days of storage, no significant difference was found between tea and coffee in either resin composite cured with QTH or LED. The effect of the staining solutions (tea, coffee) on color changes in composites was immersion time and resin-material dependent.
Operative Dentistry 32(6):616-22. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and color of porcelain modified by extraoral polishing sequences. Six different surface treatment regimens (diamond burs, self-glaze, overglaze, reglaze, Pearl Surface polishing system, and Diamond Twist SCL) were applied to 60 porcelain disks (n = 10 per group). Profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for the determination of surface roughness (Ra); color changes (deltaE*) were investigated by spectrophotometry. Statistical comparisons were made using analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Surface treatments significantly affected Ra values (P < .001) but had no effect on color (P > .05). AFM findings were consistent with Ra values. Color did not appear to be correlated with surface roughness (P > .05). The findings concluded that the Pearl Surface system helps to decrease chairside time and may be used as an alternative to overglazing.
The International journal of prosthodontics 22(5):472-5. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The successful addition of new restorative materials to an existing restoration may be the most conservative course of treatment. Repairing amalgam restorations with resin materials remains a viable clinical alternative to amalgam replacement. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of different adhesive systems and surface treatments on the integrity of amalgam-resin and resin-tooth interface after partial removal of pre-existing amalgam.
Fifty defect-free human molars were restored with amalgam occlusally. The teeth were thermocycled (1,000x) between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, with a dwell time of 30 seconds. The mesial and distal parts of the amalgam fillings were removed, leaving only the middle part of amalgam. One side of the cavity was finished with a coarse diamond bur, while the other part of the amalgam was finished with a fine diamond bur. The samples were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group) and received the following adhesive systems: Group 1: All Bond 3 (BISCO, Inc); Group 2: Clearfil SE Bond+Alloy Primer (Kuraray); Group 3: Kuraray DC Bond (Kuraray); Group 4: Xeno V (Dentsply); Group 5: XP Bond (Dentsply). All the cavities were restored with resin composite (TPH Spectrum, Dentsply). All the materials were used according to the manufacturer's directions. The specimens were re-thermocycled (1,000x), sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned mesiodistally and photographed digitally. The extent of dye penetration on the tooth-sealant interface was measured by image analysis software (ImageJ, Scion Image, Frederick, Maryland, USA) for both coarse-finished and fine-finished surfaces at the resin-tooth and resin-amalgam interface. The data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05).
All Bond 3 and XP bond (etch & rinse) produced the best results at each section. All the materials exhibited more microleakage at the amalgam interface than the tooth interface. Surface finishing with different burs did not statistically affect microleakage.
In terms of microleakage reduction, etch & rinse adhesives may be preferred over self-etch adhesives for amalgam repair.
Operative Dentistry 35(3):337-44. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the clinical performance of a nanohybrid and a low shrinkage posterior composite in Class I and II restorations after two years.
A total of 82 Class I and Class II cavities were restored in 31 patients (10 male, 21 female) by one clinician using Grandio and Quixfil and the manufacturers' self-etch adhesives (Futura Bond and Xeno III) according to the manufacturers' instructions. Two previously calibrated operators clinically evaluated the restorations one week after placement (baseline) and six months, one year and two years after placement using modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analysis was completed using the Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.05).
All patients attended the 12-month recall and no lack of retention was observed. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences have been found between the two restorative materials that were tested after 12 months (p>0.05). None of the restorations had shown any marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss until the end of the 12-month period. Two-year recall data demonstrated an 83.87% recall rate (26 patients). Grandio restorations showed a significant deterioration of the surface properties that demonstrated 26% Bravo scores, which are still clinically acceptable. None of the restorations exhibited postoperative sensitivity at any evaluation period.
It was concluded that nanofill (Grandio) and posterior composite (Quixfil) demonstrated acceptable clinical performance after two years. However, further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performance of these materials.
Operative Dentistry 35(4):397-404. · 1.24 Impact Factor
