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Céline Mothes,
Cécile Caumes,
Alexandre Guez,
Héloïse Boullet,
Thomas Gendrineau,
Sylvain Darses,
Nicolas Delsuc,
Roba Moumné,
Benoit Oswald,
Olivier Lequin, Philippe Karoyan
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ABSTRACT: Among the twenty natural proteinogenic amino acids, proline is unique as its secondary amine forms a tertiary amide when incorporated into biopolymers, thus preventing hydrogen bond formation. Despite the lack of hydrogen bonds and thanks to conformational restriction of flexibility linked to the pyrrolidine ring, proline is able to stabilize peptide secondary structures such as b-turns or polyproline helices. These unique conformational properties have aroused a great interest in the development of proline analogues. Among them, proline chimeras are tools combining the proline restriction of flexibility together with the information brought by natural amino acids side chains. This review will focus on the chemical syntheses of 3-substituted proline chimeras of potential use for peptide syntheses and as potential use as tools for SAR studies of biologically active peptides and the development of secondary structure mimetics. Their influence on peptide structure will be briefly described.
Molecules 01/2013; 18(2):2307-27. · 2.39 Impact Factor
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Cecile Caumes,
Nicolas Delsuc,
Redouane Beni Azza,
Isabelle Correia,
Fabrice Chemla,
Franck Ferreira,
Ludovic Carlier,
Alejandro Perez Luna,
Roba Moumne,
Olivier Lequin, Philippe Karoyan
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ABSTRACT: Homooligomers of enantiomerically pure (2S,3R)-3-methyl-proline, (3R,4R)-4-methyl-[small beta]-proline and (3R,4S)-3,4-dimethyl-[small beta]-proline were synthesized and studied using circular dichroism (CD) in water, methanol and propanol and using NMR in water. Changes in the far-UV CD spectrum were observed from dimers to hexamers, but little change was observed from hexamers to octa- or nonamers, both in water and methanol. CD and NMR data allowed us to conclude that oligomers of 3-substituted prolines with more than six residues adopt a characteristic PPII secondary structure both in water and aliphatic alcohols. Oligomers of (3R,4R)-4-methyl-[small beta]-proline bear the same CD signature as non-substituted [small beta]-proline oligomers, suggesting that substitution at position 3 is not sufficient to reduce conformational heterogeneity in [small beta]-proline oligomers. In the case of 3,4-disubstituted-[small beta]-proline oligomers, an atypical signature with an extra negative band at around 22
New Journal of Chemistry 01/2013; 37(5):1312-1319. · 2.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The increasing interest in click chemistry and its use to stabilize turn structures led us to compare the propensity for β-turn stabilization of different analogs designed as mimics of the β-turn structure found in tendamistat. The β-turn conformation of linear β-amino acid-containing peptides and triazole-cyclized analogs were compared to 'conventional' lactam- and disulfide-bridged hexapeptide analogs. Their 3D structures and their propensity to fold in β-turns in solution, and for those not structured in solution in the presence of α-amylase, were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and by restrained molecular dynamics with energy minimization. The linear tetrapeptide Ac-Ser-Trp-Arg-Tyr-NH(2) and both the amide bond-cyclized, c[Pro-Ser-Trp-Arg-Tyr-D-Ala] and the disulfide-bridged, Ac-c[Cys-Ser-Trp-Arg-Tyr-Cys]-NH(2) hexapeptides adopt dominantly in solution a β-turn conformation closely related to the one observed in tendamistat. On the contrary, the β-amino acid-containing peptides such as Ac-(R)-β(3) -hSer-(S)-Trp-(S)-β(3) -hArg-(S)-β(3) -hTyr-NH(2) , and the triazole cyclic peptide, c[Lys-Ser-Trp-Arg-Tyr-βtA]-NH(2) , both specifically designed to mimic this β-turn, do not adopt stable structures in solution and do not show any characteristics of β-turn conformation. However, these unstructured peptides specifically interact in the active site of α-amylase, as shown by TrNOESY and saturation transfer difference NMR experiments performed in the presence of the enzyme, and are displaced by acarbose, a specific α-amylase inhibitor. Thus, in contrast to amide-cyclized or disulfide-bridged hexapeptides, β-amino acid-containing peptides and click-cyclized peptides may not be regarded as β-turn stabilizers, but can be considered as potential β-turn inducers.
Journal of Peptide Science 06/2011; 17(9):632-43. · 1.80 Impact Factor
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ChemBioChem 03/2011; 12(7):1039-42. · 3.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report on the characteristics of the radical-ion-driven dissociation of a diverse array of beta-amino acids incorporated into alpha-peptides, as probed by tandem electron-capture and electron-transfer dissociation (ECD/ETD) mass spectrometry. The reported results demonstrate a stronger ECD/ETD dependence on the nature of the amino acid side chain for beta-amino acids than for their alpha-form counterparts. In particular, only aromatic (e.g., beta-Phe), and to a substantially lower extent, carbonyl-containing (e.g., beta-Glu and beta-Gln) amino acid side chains, lead to N--C(beta) bond cleavage in the corresponding beta-amino acids. We conclude that radical stabilization must be provided by the side chain to enable the radical-driven fragmentation from the nearby backbone carbonyl carbon to proceed. In contrast with the cleavage of backbones derived from alpha-amino acids, ECD of peptides composed mainly of beta-amino acids reveals a shift in cleavage priority from the N--C(beta) to the C(alpha)--C bond. The incorporation of CH(2) groups into the peptide backbone may thus drastically influence the backbone charge solvation preference. The characteristics of radical-driven beta-amino acid dissociation described herein are of particular importance to methods development, applications in peptide sequencing, and peptide and protein modification (e.g., deamidation and isomerization) analysis in life science research.
Chemistry 03/2010; 16(15):4612-4622. · 5.93 Impact Factor
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ChemBioChem 12/2009; 11(1):2. · 3.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Benzylpyridinium ions are often used as 'thermometer ions' in order to evaluate the internal energy distribution of the ions formed in sources of mass spectrometers. However, the detailed fragmentation pathways of these parent ions were not well established. In particular, fragmentation involving a rearrangement (RR) process may be influencing the simulated distribution curves. In a previous study, we suggested that such RR actually occurred under electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) experiments. Here, we present a systematic study of different substituted benzylpyridinium ions. Theoretical calculations showed that RR fragmentation leading to substituted tropylium ions could occur under 'soft ionization' conditions, such as ESI or FAB. Experimental results obtained under gas-phase reactivity conditions showed that some substituted benzylpiridinium compounds actually undergo RR fragmentations under ESI/MS conditions. Mass-analyzed kinetic experiments were also carried out to gain information on the reaction pathways that actually occur, and these experimental results are in agreement with the reaction pathways theoretically proposed.
Biological Mass Spectrometry 10/2009; 44(12):1668-75. · 3.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Proline chimeras are useful tools for medicinal chemistry and/or biological applications. The asymmetric synthesis of cis-3-substituted prolines can be easily achieved via amino-zinc-ene-enolate cyclization followed by transmetalation of the cyclic zinc intermediate for further functionalization. Syntheses of prolino-homotryptophane derivatives were achieved through Negishi cross-coupling of the zinc intermediate with indole rings. The use of Pd catalyst derived from Fu's [(t-Bu3)PH]-BF4 was required to avoid the undesired beta-hydride elimination. Optically pure and orthogonally protected compounds were obtained readily usable for peptide synthesis.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry 09/2008; 73(17):6706-10. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Angiotensin IV, a metabolite of angiotensin II, inhibits the enzyme insulin regulated aminopeptidase or IRAP and also, although with lower potency, aminopeptidase-N (AP-N). When both beta (2)-homo amino acid- and beta (3)-homo amino acid substitutions were used, allowed the identification of H-( R)beta (2)hVal-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-beta (3)hPhe-OH as a potent and stable Ang IV analog with high selectivity for IRAP versus AP-N and the AT1 receptor.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 05/2008; 51(7):2291-6. · 5.25 Impact Factor
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Yves Jacquot,
Isabelle Broutin,
Emeric Miclet,
Magali Nicaise,
Olivier Lequin,
Nicole Goasdoué,
Charlotte Joss, Philippe Karoyan,
Michel Desmadril,
Arnaud Ducruix,
Solange Lavielle
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ABSTRACT: Peptide ligands that disrupt MAPK pathways are of great interest for a better understanding of these signalling cascades and represent therefore an attractive target to control cell degenerative processes. In that context, selective disruption of the upstream Grb2/Sos complex in the Ras/MAPK cascade has focused extensive work. The Sos PPII decapeptide, which interacts with the Grb2-SH3 domains, has been modified in various positions and the best inhibitors designed so far are either dimeric ligands or peptoid analogues of the VPPPVPPRRR sequence. We report the synthesis of new Grb2 ligands in which the key Val5 residue has been replaced by a cis C(beta)-substituted proline. Both fluorescence and ITC assays have been employed to measure the affinity of these substituted peptides for a recombinant Grb2 protein. Whereas proline in position 5 completely abolished the binding potency, a cis C(beta)-methyl-L-proline restored the affinity. Other cis C(beta)-proline substituents led to a complete loss of binding potency. Combining the best modifications: a cis C(beta)-methylproline 5, N-acetylation, C-carboxamide and dimerization yielded a 560-fold affinity enhancement compared to the wild-type VPPPVPPRRR sequence. This study shows that C(beta)-substituted prolines may constitute a new alternative for PPII ligands, combining entropy and enthalpy beneficial effects.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 03/2007; 15(3):1439-47. · 2.92 Impact Factor
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Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 02/2007; 2007(12):1912 - 1920. · 3.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Development of new methods for the synthesis of beta-amino acids is important as polymers of these compounds are promising peptidomimetic candidates in medicinal chemistry. We report here our findings on a new and highly efficient general strategy for the synthesis of beta2-amino acids by homologation of alpha-amino acids, involving the Reformatsky reaction and Mannich-type imminium electrophile.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry 05/2006; 71(8):3332-4. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We examined the effect of simultaneously incorporating proline or proline-amino acid chimeras in positions 9, 10, and/or 11 of substance P, on the affinity for the two NK-1 binding sites and on second-messenger activation. Because these 3-substituted prolines constrain not only the (phi,psi) values of the peptide backbone, but also the chi space of the amino acid side chain, we were able to gather data on the structural requirements for high-affinity binding to the NK-1 receptor. We were able to confirm that this C-terminal component is crucial and that it should adopt an extended conformation close to a polyproline II structure when bound to the receptor. The partial additivity of these constraints, more specifically, for the NK-1M site, suggests that the peptide backbone flexibility around the hinge-point residue Gly9 is essential to subtly position crucial side chains.
Chemistry & Biology 06/2005; 12(5):555-65. · 5.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The amino-zinc-ene-enolate cyclization reaction is a straightforward route to the synthesis of 3-substituted prolines. Herein we report the application of this reaction to the syntheses of proline chimeras of lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, and serine. All these compounds were obtained in enantiomerically pure form and suitably protected for peptide synthesis.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry 12/2004; 69(23):7940-8. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Numerous backbone constraints can be used to develop pseudopeptides or pseudomimetics of biologically active peptides. Among those, N- and Calpha-methyl amino acids that can be incorporated by solid-phase peptide synthesis in a bioactive sequence represent important tools to restrict phi and psi angles of peptide backbone. This review will focus on the chemical syntheses of N- and Calpha-methyl amino acids, their effects on peptide conformation and structure, and their role on the peptide stability towards enzymatic degradation and on the biological activities of the resulting analogues.
Current Medicinal Chemistry 12/2004; 11(21):2799-822. · 4.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Residue Leu10 of substance P (SP) is critical for NK-1 receptor recognition and agonist activity. In order to probe the bioactive conformation of this residue, cis- and trans-3-substituted prolinoleucines were introduced in position 10 of SP. The substituted SP analogues were tested for their affinity to human NK-1 receptor specific binding sites (NK-1M and NK-1m) and their potency to stimulate adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C in CHO cells transfected with the human NK-1 receptor. [trans-3-prolinoleucine10]SP retained affinity and potency similar to SP whereas [cis-3-prolinoleucine10]SP shows dramatic loss of affinity and potency. To analyze the structural implications of these biological results, the conformational preferences of the SP analogues were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and minimum-energy conformers of Ac-cis-3-prolinoleucine-NHMe, Ac-trans-3-prolinoleucine-NHMe and model dipeptides were generated by molecular mechanics calculations. From NMR and modeling studies it can be proposed that residue Leu10 of SP adopts a gauche(+) conformation around the chi1 angle and a trans conformation around the chi2 angle in the bioactive conformation. Together with previously published results, our data indicate that the C-terminal SP tripeptide should preferentially adopt an extended conformation or a PPII helical structure when bound to the receptor.
European Journal of Biochemistry 08/2003; 270(13):2869-78. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The amino-zinc-enolate cyclization reaction is a straightforward route for the synthesis of 3-substituted prolines. As classical intramolecular carbometalation reactions, the applicability of the addition of zinc to a double bond was limited to a substrate in which the terminal alkene carbon was unsubstituted. Being interested in the synthesis of cis- and trans-3-prolinoleucine derivatives for our structure-activity relation (SAR) studies, we focused our effort on the preparation of these compounds by amino-zinc-enolate cyclization of terminally substituted double bonds. Herein we report that the attachment of an activating group such as cyclopropyl to the terminal olefin carbon allows the amino-zinc-enolate cyclization of a terminally substituted alkene. The reaction is stereospecific, leading to a trans-3-substituted proline derivative, whereas a cis stereochemistry was observed with the amino-zinc-enolate cyclization of terminally nonsubstituted olefins. Absolute configurations obtained for the 3-prolinoleucine were established by X-ray analysis, NMR, and optical activity comparison of the cis and trans derivatives obtained by an unambiguous pathway.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry 04/2003; 68(6):2256-65. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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Synthesis.
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Chemistry.
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