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ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as an important risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI) in spine surgery. It is still unclear however which DM-related parameters have stronger influence on SSI. The purpose of this study is to determine predisposing factors for SSI following spinal instrumentation surgery for patients with DM. METHODS: 110 DM patients (66 males and 44 females) who underwent spinal instrumentation surgery in one institute were enrolled in this study. For each patient, various preoperative or intraoperative parameters were reviewed from medical records. Patients were divided into two groups (SSI or non-SSI) based on the postoperative course. Each parameter between these two groups was compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predisposing factor for SSI. RESULTS: The SSI group consisted of 11 patients (10 %), and the non-SSI group of 99 patients (90 %). Univariate analysis revealed that preoperative proteinuria (p = 0.01), operation time (p = 0.04) and estimated blood loss (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in the SSI group compared to the non-SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression identified preoperative proteinuria as a statistically significant predictor of SSI (OR 6.28, 95 % CI 1.58-25.0, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Proteinuria is a significant predisposing factor for SSI in spinal instrumentation surgery for DM patients. DM patients with proteinuria who are likely to suffer latent nephropathy have a potential risk for SSI. For them less invasive surgery is recommended for spinal instrumentation. In this retrospective study, there was no significant difference of preoperative condition in glycemic control between the two groups.
European Spine Journal 04/2013; · 1.97 Impact Factor
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Kei Ando,
Shiro Imagama,
Zenya Ito,
Kenichi Hirano,
Akio Muramoto,
Fumihiko Kato,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Noriaki Kawakami,
Koji Sato,
Yuji Matsubara, Tokumi Kanemura,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: Study Design. Retrospective multi-institutional studyObjective. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes in patients with ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and determine the influence of an ossified anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) on the clinical features and surgical outcomes in thoracic OLF.Summary of Background Data. Detailed analyses of surgical outcomes of thoracic OLF have been difficult because of rarity of this disease.Methods. We identified 96 patients (77 men and 19 women with a mean age at surgery of 63.4 ± 10.3 years old) who underwent surgery for thoracic OLF and investigated their preoperative symptoms, severity of symptoms and myelopathy, disease duration, MR imaging and CT findings, surgical procedure, intraoperative findings, and postoperative recoveries. The presence of OALL found at or near the most severely affected OLF level on sagittal CT images was classified into 1 of 4 types: No discernible type (Type N); One sided type (Type O); Discontinuous (Type D); and Continuous type (Type C). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and a 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify the risk factors associated with surgical outcomes.Results. The mean JOA score was 5.6 points preoperatively and 7.8 points 2 years postoperatively, yielding a mean recovery rate of 44.6%. Disease duration, presence of ossified dura mater, and Type D OALL were the important factors for predicting surgical outcomes.Conclusion. After evaluating surgical outcomes on the largest sample size of OLF surgeries thus far, our results show that disease duration, ossification of the dura mater, and the presence of Type D OALL were risk factors related to surgical outcomes.
Spine 03/2013; · 2.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: STUDY DESIGN:: Retrospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE:: To investigate adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) at 5 years after L4/5 posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with pedicle screw instrumentation and L4/5 decompression surgery using plain radiographs, CT and MRI, with evaluation of annual changes on MRI. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: Methods of evaluation have been inconsistent among studies of ASD. There is no report that ASD in the lumbar spine after PLIF at the same level is thoroughly evaluated on radiographs, CT, annual MRI changes, and the impact of decompression procedures. METHODS:: ASD was evaluated in 52 patients. Disc height, vertebral slip, intervertebral angle, and intervertebral range of motion were examined on plain radiographs. Facet joint degeneration on CT, and disc degradation and spinal stenosis on MRI were classified into categories, and facet sagittalization and tropism were measured on CT. The incidence of ASD was compared between decompression procedures. RESULTS:: The radiographic changes observed in the study were defined as radiographic ASD (R-ASD) without reoperation, since no patient required reoperation. R-ASD was rarely detected by radiography. At the L3/4 and L5/S1 levels, the incidences of facet joint degeneration, MRI-detected disc degeneration, and spinal stenosis were 21% and 23%, 27% and 17%, and 35% and 4%, respectively. Progressive disc degeneration at L3/4 was found significantly more frequently in patients with aggravation of facet degeneration (P<0.01); however, the severities of preoperative facet degeneration, facet sagittalization and tropism were not associated with progressive disc degeneration or spinal stenosis. In annual MRI, most R-ASD cases were detected within 3 years after surgery. Patients who underwent L4 total laminectomy had significantly more frequent R-ASD compared to those who received bilateral fenestration at L4/5 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:: R-ASD was detected more frequently by CT and MRI than radiography. Preoperative facet joint degeneration and morphology were not always related to progressive disc degeneration or spinal stenosis. Annual MRI suggested that accelerated degeneration was due to lumbar spine fusion, rather than aging degeneration. Decompression with preservation of posterior connective components is recommended to prevent R-ASD.
Journal of spinal disorders & techniques 02/2013; · 1.21 Impact Factor
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Kenichi Hirano,
Shiro Imagama,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Noriaki Kawakami,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Fumihiko Kato,
Yudo Hachiya, Tokumi Kanemura,
Mitsuhiro Kamiya,
Masao Deguchi,
Zenya Ito,
Norimitsu Wakao,
Kei Ando,
Ryoji Tauchi,
Akio Muramoto,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: STUDY DESIGN:: Prospective database study. OBJECTIVES:: To grasp the characteristics of surgically-treated cases with lumbar spondylolysis or isthmic spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: A detailed analysis of surgically-treated cases with spondylolysis or isthmic spondylolisthesis has never been reported. An epidemiological study in Japan conducted on 2000 subjects found the incidence of lumbar spondylolysis in the Japanese general population (population-based study) to be 5.9% (males: 7.9%, females: 3.9%). Among 124 vertebrae with spondylolysis, there were 0.8% L2 lesions, 3.2% L3 lesions, 5.6% L4 lesions and 90.3% L5 lesions, including 5 cases (4.3%) with multiple level lesions. METHODS:: We have been registering surgically-treated spine cases in our database since 2000. From this database, we prospectively collected cases with lumbar spondylolysis or isthmic spondylolisthesis that were treated surgically between January 2000 and December 2009. We determined the age at surgery, sex, and vertebral level of spondylolysis. RESULTS:: Of the 564 spondylolysis patients treated surgically, 66.8% were male and 33.2% were female. The mean age at surgery was 52.5 years (13-84▒y). There were 585 vertebrae with spondylolysis including 21 cases (3.7%) with multiple-level lesions. L5 spondylolysis affected 432 vertebrae and was the most common location (73.8%), followed by 125 L4 lesions (21.4%), 24 L3 lesions (4.1%), and 2 L2 lesions (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS:: The percentage of L4 lesions in our study was significantly higher and the percentage of L5 lesions was significantly lower than those lesions' percentages in the population-based study. L4 spondylolysis may be more unstable or cause clinical symptoms more frequently leading to more surgical intervention. The percentage of multiple level spondylolysis was similar between the two studies, suggesting these patients respond relatively well to conservative treatment. The male/female ratio was 2:1 in both studies, indicating that males and females require surgery at a similar frequency.
Journal of spinal disorders & techniques 12/2012; · 1.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Surgical treatment of a hangman's fractures is technically demanding, even when using the standard open procedure. In this case report, a type II hangman's fracture was treated by percutaneous posterior screw fixation, without a midline incision, using intraoperative, full rotation, three-dimensional (3D) image (O-arm)-based navigation. A 48-year-old woman was injured in a motor vehicle accident and diagnosed with a unilateral hangman's fracture associated with subluxation of the C2 vertebral body on C3. After attaching the reference arc of the 3D-imaging system to the headholder, the cervical spine was screened using an O-arm without anatomical registration. Drilling and screw fixation were performed using a guide tube while referring to the reconstructed 3D-anatomical views. The operation was successfully completed without technical difficulties or neurovascular complications. This percutaneous procedure requires less dissection of normal tissue, which may allow earlier recovery. However, further validation of this procedure for its effectiveness and safety is required.
Asian spine journal 09/2012; 6(3):194-8.
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ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: Literature has described a risk for subsequent vertical subluxation (VS) and subaxial subluxation (SAS) following atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid patients; however, the interaction of each subluxation and the radiographic findings for atlantoaxial fixation has not been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different posterior atlantoaxial screw fixation on the development of subluxation in patients with rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2006, rheumatoid patients treated with transarticular fixation and posterior wiring (TA) or C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw fixations (SR) in the Nagoya Spine Group hospitals, a multicenter cooperative study group, were included in this study. VS, SAS, craniocervical sagittal alignment, and range of motion (ROM) at the atlantoaxial adjacent segments were investigated to determine whether posterior atlantoaxial screw fixation is a prophylactic or a risk factor for the development of VS and SAS. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 7.2 years (4-12). No statistically significant difference was observed among the patients treated with either of the procedure during the follow-up period. Of 34 patients who underwent posterior atlantoaxial screw fixation, SAS was observed in 26.5 % during the follow-up period; however, VS was not observed. Postoperative C2-7 angle, and Oc-C1 and C2-3 ROM were significantly different between patients with and without postoperative SAS. The incidence of SAS was 38.9 % for TA and 12.5 % for SR; statistically significant differences were observed in the postoperative C1-2 and C2-7 angles, and C2-3 ROM. CONCLUSIONS: Atlantoaxial posterior screw fixation may be an appropriate prophylactic intervention for VS and SAS if the atlantoaxial joint develops bony fusion following physiological alignment. Compared to TA, SR provided optimal atlantoaxial angle and prevented lower adjacent segment degeneration, thereby reducing SAS.
European Spine Journal 07/2012; · 1.97 Impact Factor
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Hiroaki Nakashima,
Shiro Imagama,
Yasutsugu Yukawa, Tokumi Kanemura,
Mitsuhiro Kamiya,
Makoto Yanase,
Keigo Ito,
Masaaki Machino,
Go Yoshida,
Yoshimoto Ishikawa,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Nobuyuki Hamajima,
Naoki Ishiguro,
Fumihiko Kato
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ABSTRACT: Postoperative C-5 palsy is a significant complication resulting from cervical decompression procedures. Moreover, when cervical degenerative diseases are treated with a combination of decompression and posterior instrumented fusion, patients are at increased risk for C-5 palsy. However, the clinical and radiological features of this condition remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the risk factors for developing postoperative C-5 palsy.
Eighty-four patients (mean age 60.1 years) who had undergone posterior instrumented fusion using cervical pedicle screws to treat nontraumatic lesions were independently reviewed. The authors analyzed the medical records of some of these patients who developed postoperative C-5 palsy, paying particular attention to their plain radiographs, MRI studies, and CT scans. Risk factors for postoperative C-5 palsy were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The cutoff values for the pre- and postoperative width of the intervertebral foramen (C4-5) were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Ten (11.9%) of 84 patients developed postoperative C-5 palsy. Seven patients recovered fully from the neurological complications. The pre- and postoperative C4-5 angles showed significant kyphosis in the C-5 palsy group. The pre- and postoperative diameters of the C4-5 foramen on the palsy side were significantly smaller than those on the opposite side in the C-5 palsy group and those bilaterally in the non-C5 palsy group. Risk factors identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis were as follows: 1) ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (relative risk [RR] 7.22 [95% CI 1.03-50.55]); 2) posterior shift of the spinal cord (C4-5) (RR 1.73 [95% CI 1.00-2.98]); and 3) postoperative width of the C-5 intervertebral foramen (RR 0.33 [95% CI 0.14-0.79]). The cutoff values of the pre- and postoperative widths of the C-5 intervertebral foramen for C-5 palsy were 2.2 and 2.3 mm, respectively.
Patients with preoperative foraminal stenosis, posterior shift of the spinal cord, and additional iatrogenic foraminal stenosis due to cervical alignment correction were more likely to develop postoperative C-5 palsy after posterior instrumentation with fusion. Prophylactic foraminotomy at C4-5 might be useful when preoperative foraminal stenosis is present on CT. Furthermore, it might be useful for treating postoperative C-5 palsy. To prevent excessive posterior shift of the spinal cord, the authors recommend that appropriate kyphosis reduction should be considered carefully.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 05/2012; 17(2):103-10. · 1.61 Impact Factor
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Kenichi Hirano,
Shiro Imagama,
Koji Sato,
Fumihiko Kato,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Hisatake Yoshihara,
Mitshuhiro Kamiya,
Masao Deguchi, Tokumi Kanemura,
Yuji Matsubara,
Hidefumi Inoh,
Noriaki Kawakami,
Tetsuro Takatsu,
Zenya Ito,
Norimitsu Wakao,
Kei Ando,
Ryoji Tauchi,
Akio Muramoto,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: To clarify the relative frequency of various histopathological primary spinal cord tumors and their features in Japanese people and to compare this data with other reports.
Primary spinal cord tumor surgical cases from 2000 to 2009, which were registered in our affiliated hospital database were collected. We examined age at surgery, sex, anatomical location, vertebral level of the tumor, and pathological diagnosis in each case.
Of the 678 patients in our study, 377 patients (55.6 %) were males and 301 patients (44.4 %) were females (male/female ratio 1.25). The mean age at surgery was 52.4 years. Of these tumors, 123 cases (18.1 %) were intramedullary, 371 cases (54.7 %) were intradural extramedullary, 28 cases (4.1 %) were epidural, and 155 cases (22.9 %) were dumbbell tumors. The pathological diagnoses included 388 schwannomas (57.2 %), 79 meningiomas (11.6 %), 54 ependymomas (8.0 %), 27 hemangiomas (4.0 %), 23 hemangioblastomas (3.4 %), 23 neurofibromas (3.4 %), and 9 astrocytomas (1.3 %). The male/female ratios for schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, hemangiomas, hemangioblastomas, neurofibromas, malignant lymphomas, and lipomas are 1.4, 0.34, 1.3, 1.5, 2.3, 1.3, 2.7 and 2.3, respectively.
This is the first published research in English on the epidemiology of primary spinal cord tumors in Japanese people. Similar to other reports from Asian countries, our data indicates a higher male/female ratio overall for spinal cord tumors, a higher proportion of nerve sheath cell tumors, and a lower proportion of meningiomas and neuroepithelial tumors compared to reports from non-Asian countries. Data in the current study represent the characteristics of primary spinal cord tumors in Asian countries.
European Spine Journal 05/2012; 21(10):2019-26. · 1.97 Impact Factor
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Journal of Orthopaedic Science 03/2012; · 0.84 Impact Factor
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Hiroaki Nakashima,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Shiro Imagama, Tokumi Kanemura,
Mitsuhiro Kamiya,
Makoto Yanase,
Keigo Ito,
Masaaki Machino,
Go Yoshida,
Yoshimoto Ishikawa,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Naoki Ishiguro,
Fumihiko Kato
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ABSTRACT: The cervical pedicle screw (PS) provides strong stabilization but poses a potential risk to the neurovascular system, which may be catastrophic. In particular, vertebrae with degenerative changes complicate the process of screw insertion, and PS misplacement and subsequent complications are more frequent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the peri- and postoperative complications of PS fixation for nontraumatic lesions and to determine the risk factors of each complication.
Eighty-four patients who underwent cervical PS fixation for nontraumatic lesions were independently reviewed to identify associated complications. The mean age of the patients was 60.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 4.1 years (range 6-168 months). Pedicle screw malpositioning was classified on postoperative CT scans as Grade I (< 50% of the screw outside the pedicle) or Grade II (≥ 50% of the screw outside the pedicle). Risk factors of each complication were evaluated using a multivariate analysis.
Three hundred ninety cervical PSs and 24 lateral mass screws were inserted. The incidence of PS misplacement was 19.5% (76 screws); in terms of malpositioning, 60 screws (15.4%) were classified as Grade I and 16 (4.1%) as Grade II. In total, 33 complications were observed. These included postoperative neurological complications in 11 patients in whom there was no evidence of screw misplacement (C-5 palsy in 10 and C-7 palsy in 1), implant failure in 11 patients (screw loosening in 5, broken screws in 4, and loss of reduction in 2), complications directly attributable to screw insertion in 5 patients (nerve root injury by PS in 3 and vertebral artery injury in 2), and other complications in 6 patients (pseudarthrosis in 2, infection in 1, transient dyspnea in 1, transient dysphagia in 1, and adjacent-segment degeneration in 1). The multivariate analysis showed that a primary diagnosis of cerebral palsy was a risk factor for postoperative implant failure (HR 10.91, p = 0.03) and that the presence of preoperative cervical spinal instability was a risk factor for both Grade I and Grade II screw misplacement (RR 2.12, p = 0.03), while there were no statistically significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications in the absence of evidence of screw misplacement or complications directly attributable to screw insertion.
In the present study, misplacement of cervical PSs and associated complications occurred more often than in previous studies. The rates of screw-related neurovascular complications and neurological deterioration unrelated to PSs were high. Insertion of a PS for nontraumatic lesions is surgically more challenging than that for trauma; consequently, experienced surgeons should use PS fixation for nontraumatic cervical lesions only after thorough preoperative evaluation of each patient's cervical anatomy and after considering the risk factors specified in the present study.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 12/2011; 16(3):238-47. · 1.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Most elderly patients have cardiopulmonary diseases anamnesis and a perceived risk of perioperative complications. The responsible lesion may be located more cranially in elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) compared with that in younger patients. The study aimed at evaluating cardiopulmonary dysfunction of CSM and effects of surgery on cardiopulmonary function and perioperative complications.
Thirty-one consecutive patients (>75 years of age) who underwent expansive laminoplasty for CSM were compared with 30 age-matched controls who underwent lumbar decompression. The ejection fraction (EF), percent vital capacity (%VC), and forced expiratory volume percent in 1 s (FEV(1)%) before and 6 months after surgery were analyzed by cardiac ultrasonography and spirometry. Furthermore, neurological status, lesion level, and perioperative complications were evaluated.
The mean %VC significantly decreased in the study group compared with that in the control group before surgery (89.4 ± 12.4 vs. 96.5 ± 12.7, P = 0.032). EF, %VC, and FEV(1)% showed no significant differences after surgery. The mean %VC was significantly lower in the cranial group with lesions above C4 compared with that in the caudal group before (81.8 ± 10.0 vs. 95.0 ± 11.2, P = 0.0021) and after (83.8 ± 9.7 vs. 92.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.047) surgery. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score significantly improved after surgery (P < 0.001), and the mean recovery rate was 48.3%. The occurrence of perioperative complications was significantly higher in the study group compared with that in the control group (P = 0.018).
Elderly CSM patients with cranial lesions have a decreased %VC and high risk of perioperative cardiopulmonary complications. Therefore, detailed perioperative workup and timely decompression should be performed to avoid progression toward fixed neurological deficits and cardiopulmonary dysfunction whether or not they result from myelopathy itself.
Journal of Orthopaedic Science 11/2011; 17(1):3-8. · 0.84 Impact Factor
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Ryoji Tauchi,
Shiro Imagama,
Zenya Ito,
Kei Ando,
Kenichi Hirano,
Akio Muramoto,
Hiroki Matsui,
Fumihiko Kato,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Koji Sato, Tokumi Kanemura,
Hisatake Yoshihara,
Mitsuhiro Kamiya,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is an uncommon disease in children. Surgical treatment of pediatric patients with AAI poses a challenge to spine surgeons because of the patients' immature bone quality, extensive anatomical variability, and smaller osseous structures. In this study, the authors report complications and outcomes after posterior fusion in children with AAI.
The authors reviewed medical records of patients 13 years old and younger with AAI who underwent posterior fusion in the Nagoya Spine Group hospitals, a multicenter cooperative study group, from January 1995 to December 2007. We identified 11 patients who underwent posterior fusion, and analyzed their clinical outcomes and complications. To determine if vertical growth within the construct continued after posterior fusion, in three patients at 5 or more years following occipito-cervical (O-C) fusion, intervertebral disc heights and vertebral heights between the fused and non-fused levels were compared on the final follow-up.
The initial surgeries were C1-C2 fusions in six patients and O-C fusion in five patients. Successful fusion ultimately occurred in all patients, however, the complication rate related to the operations was high (64%). Complications included neurologic deterioration, pedicle fracture with pedicle screw insertion, C1 posterior arch fracture with lateral mass screw insertion, perforation of the skull with a head pin placement, and fusion extension to adjacent vertebrae. Two patients required reoperation. The mean fixed and non-fixed intervertebral disc heights on the final follow-up were 2.6 and 5.3 mm, respectively, showing that the disc height of the fixed level was less than the non-fused level. Each vertebra lengthened similarly between fused and non-fused levels except for C2 which had a lower growth rate than the other vertebrae.
A high complication rate should be anticipated after posterior fusion in children with AAI. Careful consideration should be paid to pediatric patients with AAI treated by screw and/or rod systems. After posterior fusion in pediatric patients, each vertebra continued to grow, in contrast the disc height decreased between fused levels.
European Spine Journal 11/2011; 21(7):1346-52. · 1.97 Impact Factor
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Kei Ando,
Shiro Imagama,
Norimitsu Wakao,
Kenichi Hirano,
Ryoji Tauchi,
Akio Muramoto,
Fumihiko Kato,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Noriaki Kawakami,
Koji Sato,
Yuji Matsubara, Tokumi Kanemura,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to provide the first evidence for the influence of an ossified anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) on the clinical features and surgical outcomes in an ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) in the thoracic region.
Sixty-three patients who underwent surgery for a 1-level thoracic OLF were identified, and preoperative symptoms, severity of symptoms and myelopathy, disease duration, MR imaging and CT findings, surgical procedure, intraoperative findings, complications, and postoperative recovery were investigated in these patients. Entities of OALLs were found on sagittal CT images to be adjacent to or at the same vertebral level as the OLF were classified into 4 types: no discernible type (Type N), one-sided (Type O), discontinuous (Type D), and continuous (Type C).
The duration of symptoms was especially long for Types D and C OALLs. Patients with Type D OALLs had a significantly worse percentage of recovery, as well as worse preoperative JOA scores.
The authors' results showed that a Type D OALL had strong associations with preoperative severity of symptoms and surgical outcomes. These findings may allow surgeons to determine the severity of preoperative symptoms and the probable surgical outcomes from the OALL classifications. Moreover, surgery with instrumentation for Type D OALLs may produce better surgical outcomes.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 11/2011; 16(2):147-53. · 1.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the reliability and accuracy of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement using an intraoperative, full-rotation, 3D image (O-arm)-based navigation system and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the system.
The study involved 21 consecutive patients undergoing posterior stabilization surgery of the cervical spine between April and December 2009. The patients, in whom 108 CPSs had been inserted, underwent screw placement based on intraoperative 3D imaging and navigation using the O-arm system. Cervical pedicle screw positions were classified into 4 grades, according to pedicle-wall perforations, by using postoperative CT.
Of the 108 CPSs, 96 (88.9%) were classified as Grade 0 (no perforation), 9 (8.3%) as Grade 1 (perforations < 2 mm, CPS exposed, and < 50% of screw diameter outside the pedicle), and 3 (2.8%) as Grade 2 (perforations between ≥ 2 and < 4 mm, CPS breached the pedicle wall, and > 50% of screw diameter outside the pedicle). No screw was classified as Grade 3 (perforation > 4 mm, complete perforation). No neurovascular complications occurred because of CPS placement.
The O-arm offers high-resolution 2D or 3D images, facilitates accurate and safe CPS insertion with high-quality navigation, and provides other substantial benefits for cervical spinal instrumentation. Even with current optimized technology, however, CPS perforation cannot be completely prevented, with 8.3% instances of minor violations, which do not cause significant complications, and 2.8% instances of major pedicle violations, which may cause catastrophic complications. Therefore, a combination of intraoperative 3D image-based navigation with other techniques may result in more accurate CPS placement.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 07/2011; 15(5):472-8. · 1.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Lumbar surgery and associated complications are increasing as society is aging. However, definitions of complications after lumbar surgery have not been established and previous reports have varied in the definition of, and focus on, intraoperative or major postoperative complications. We analyzed the frequency and severity of perioperative complications and all minor adverse events in lumbar surgery at a single center.
We retrospectively reviewed all lumbar surgery, including decompression surgery with or without fusion, at Meijo Hospital over a 10-year period. Perioperative complications and all surgery-related adverse events until 1 month postoperatively were reviewed for 1012 operations on 918 patients (average age 54 years old). The incidence of intraoperative complications was compared between junior (<10 years experience of spine surgery) and senior (≥10 years experience) surgeons.
Perioperative complications and adverse events occurred in 159 operations (15.7%) on 127 patients (13.8%). There were a variety of perioperative adverse events, including digestive problems. Of the 159 complications and events, 24 (2.4%) were intraoperative and 135 (13.3%) were postoperative. Incidence of intraoperative complications was not significantly higher for junior surgeons; however, the operations performed by senior surgeons were significantly more invasive. Complications were more frequent in elderly patients (p < 0.01) and in operations that were longer (p < 0.0001), had greater estimated blood loss (p < 0.0001), and involved use of spinal instrumentation (p < 0.0001). Psychotic symptoms occurred significantly more often in older patients (p < 0.001).
The absence of a relationship between the experience of the surgeon and incidence of intraoperative complications may be because of the greater effect of invasive surgery. Although age and invasiveness were associated with more perioperative adverse events, we do not conclude that major surgery should be avoided for elderly patients. In contrast, careful focus on the surgical indication and procedure is required for these patients.
Journal of Orthopaedic Science 07/2011; 16(5):510-5. · 0.84 Impact Factor
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Shiro Imagama,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Yoshihito Sakai,
Zenya Ito,
Norimitsu Wakao,
Masao Deguchi,
Yudo Hachiya,
Yoshimitsu Osawa,
Hisatake Yoshihara,
Mitsuhiro Kamiya, [......],
Yuji Matsubara,
Manabu Goto,
Koji Sato,
Shigehiko Ito,
Koji Maruyama,
Makoto Yanase,
Yoshihiro Ishida,
Naoto Kuno,
Takao Hasegawa,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: Prospective, multicenter study.
To conduct peripheral arterial disease (PAD) screening on intermittent claudication (IC) in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) to examine the relationships among combined LSCS and PAD, symptoms, and physical findings.
IC occurs due to two underlying diseases, LSCS and PAD, and has an increasing prevalence with the aging of society. Reliable diagnosis of PAD is critical for appropriate conservative management of IC patients with LSCS in an Orthopedic Surgery Outpatient Department (OSOPD).
PAD tests were prospectively conducted in 201 patients with IC and LSCS who initially visited an OSOPD at a hospital affiliated with the Nogoya Spine Group. Occurrence of PAD as a complication was assessed using ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) and toe brachial pressure index (TBI) tests. PAD was diagnosed in patients with ABI ≤ 0.9 or TBI ≤ 0.6, and the relationship of the occurrence of PAD with symptoms and physical findings such as abnormal arterial pulses was investigated.
Combined LSCS and PAD was found in 52 patients (26%), with 45 cases (22%) diagnosed on the basis of TBI test in patients with a normal ABI. Of the patients with PAD, many suffered from risk factors for PAD, with a significantly higher frequency of PAD in patients with hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05). PAD also occurred significantly more frequently in patients with abnormal pulses in the popliteal (P < 0.05), posterior tibial (P < 0.0001), and dorsal pedis (P < 0.0001) arteries; however, the sensitivity of these tests for PAD diagnosis was relatively low, at 34%, 60% and 68%, respectively.
The results of the prospective study define the rate of occurrence of combined LSCS and PAD using ABI and TBI tests for the first time, and the findings suggest that screening for PAD should be conducted in LSCS patients. ABI and TBI tests are necessary for PAD screening in outpatients, whereas observation of the arterial pulse in the lower extremities is necessary but not sufficient for PAD diagnosis.
Spine 01/2011; 36(15):1204-10. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors performed a retrospective clinical study to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement using 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation (3D FN).
The study involved 62 consecutive patients undergoing posterior stabilization of the cervical spine between 2003 and 2008. Thirty patients (126 screws) were treated using conventional techniques (CVTs) with a lateral fluoroscopic view, whereas 32 patients (150 screws) were treated using 3D FN. Screw positions were classified into 4 grades based on the pedicle wall perforations observed on postoperative CT.
The prevalence of perforations in the CVT group was 27% (34 screws): 92 (73.0%), 12 (9.5%), 6 (4.8%), and 16 (12.7%) for Grade 0 (no perforation), Grade 1 (perforation < 1 mm), Grade 2 (perforation ≥ 1 and < 2 mm), and Grade 3 (perforation ≥ 2 mm), respectively. In the 3D FN group, the prevalence of perforations was 18.7% (28 screws): 122 (81.3%), 17 (11.3%), 6 (4%), and 5 (3.3%) for Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the prevalence of Grade 1 or higher perforations between the CVT and 3D FN groups. A higher prevalence of malpositioned CPSs was seen in Grade 2 or higher (17.5% vs 7.3%, p < 0.05) in the 3D FN group and Grade 3 (12.7% vs 7.3%, p < 0.05) perforations in the CVT group. The ORs for CPS malpositioning in the CVT group were 2.72 (95% CI 1.16-6.39) in Grade 2 or higher perforations and 3.89 (95% CI 1.26-12.02) in Grade 3 perforations.
Three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation can improve the accuracy of CPS insertion; however, severe CPS malpositioning that causes injury to the vertebral artery or neurological complications can occur even with 3D FN. Advanced techniques for the insertion of CPSs and the use of modified insertion devices can reduce the risk of a malpositioned CPS and provide increased safety.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 11/2010; 13(5):606-11. · 1.61 Impact Factor
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Yoshihito Sakai,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Shiro Imagama,
Zenya Ito,
Norimitsu Wakao,
Naoki Ishiguro,
Hirohisa Watanabe,
Fumihiko Kato,
Yasutsugu Yukawa,
Keigo Ito,
Kazuhiro Suzuki,
Akiko Tsuboi, Tokumi Kanemura,
Go Yoshida
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ABSTRACT: A retrospective multicenter study of series of 12 patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis who underwent surgery.
To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of patients with cervical spinal cord sarcoidosis accompanied with compressive myelopathy and effect of decompressive surgery on the prognosis of sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem noncaseating granulomatous disease. It is difficult to differentiate spinal cord sarcoidosis from cervical compressive myelopathy. There are no studies regarding the coexistence of compressive cervical myelopathy with cervical spinal cord sarcoidosis and the effect of decompressive surgery.
Nagoya Spine Group database included 1560 cases with cervical myelopathy treated with cervical laminectomy or laminoplasty from 2001 to 2005. A total of 12 patients (0.08% of cervical myelopathy) were identified spinal cord sarcoidosis treated with decompressive surgery. As a control subject, 8 patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis without compressive lesion who underwent high-dose steroid therapy without surgery were recruited.
In the surgery group, enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were mostly seen at C5-C6, coincident with the maximum compression level in all cases. Postoperative recovery rates in the surgery group at 1 week and 4 weeks were -7.4% and -1.1%, respectively. Only 5 cases had showed clinical improvement, and the condition of these 5 patients had worsened again at averaged 7.4 weeks after surgery. Postoperative oral steroid therapy was initiated at an average of 6.4 weeks and the average initial dose was 54.0 mg in the surgery group, while 51.3 mg in the nonsurgery group. The recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score, which increased after steroid therapy, was better in the nonsurgery group (62.5%) than in the surgery group (18.6%) with significant difference (P < 0.01).
The effect of decompression for spinal cord sarcoidosis with compressive myelopathy was not evident. Early diagnosis for sarcoidosis from other organ and steroid therapy should be needed.
Spine 11/2010; 35(23):E1290-7. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a fixed atlantoaxial angle on subaxial sagittal alignment, and that of atlantoaxial fixation on adjacent-segment motion and degeneration.
The authors retrospectively reviewed 65 patients in whom atlantoaxial instability was treated with atlantoaxial fixation by C-1 lateral mass and C-2 pedicle screw fixation (30 patients, Goel-Harms [GH] group) or a combination of transarticular screw fixation and posterior wiring (35 patients, Magerl-Brooks [MB] group). Angles of Oc–C1, C1–2, C2–3, and C2–7 were determined based on an upright lateral radiograph in flexion, neutral, and extension positions. The range of motion (ROM) at Oc–C1 and C2–3 was also determined. All patients were examined before and 2 years after surgery.
The mean preoperative atlantoaxial angles in the GH and MB groups were 20.9 ± 8.3° and 18.3 ± 7.2°, respectively, and the mean postoperative atlantoaxial angles in the same groups were 23.5 ± 5.6° and 29.7 ± 6.3°, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.05). The mean preoperative angles of C2–7 in the GH and MB groups were 15.4 ± 7.8° and 13.7 ± 9.5°, respectively, and after surgery, the angles were 11.8 ± 12° and 2.48 ± 12°, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.05). The postoperative angle of C1–2 showed a negative correlation with the extent of change observed in the C2–7 angle pre- and postoperatively in each of these 2 surgical procedures. The Oc–C1 ROM increased after surgery in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.38). The C2–3 ROM decreased after surgery in both groups, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Atlantoaxial fixation in a hyperlordotic position produced kyphotic sagittal alignment after surgery in both GH and MB groups. Reduction of the atlantoaxial joint can be easily achieved through screw fixation at an optimal angle, thereby ameliorating the risk for subsequent subaxial kyphosis. Degeneration of lower adjacent segments appeared to be less with this procedure compared with using a combination of transarticular screw fixation and posterior wiring.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 10/2010; 13(4):443-50. · 1.61 Impact Factor
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Zenya Ito,
Yukihiro Matsuyama,
Yoshihito Sakai,
Shiro Imagama,
Norimitsu Wakao,
Kei Ando,
Kenichi Hirano,
Ryoji Tauchi,
Akio Muramoto,
Hiroki Matsui,
Tomohiro Matsumoto, Tokumi Kanemura,
Go Yoshida,
Yoshimoto Ishikawa,
Naoki Ishiguro
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ABSTRACT: A retrospective clinical study with a long-term follow-up in a single facility.
The purpose of this study is to compare bone union rate between autologous iliac crest bone graft and local bone graft in patients treated by posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using carbon cage for single-level interbody fusion.
Recently, a number of authors have reported on local bone grafting using bone that is obtained from laminectomy, and have indicated that the achieved fusion rate is similar to that of autologous iliac bone grafting. However, there is no report comparing the fusion rates between autologous iliac bone and local bone graft with a detailed follow-up of fusion progression.
The subjects were 101 patients whose course could be observed for at least 2 years. The diagnosis was lumbar spinal canal stenosis in 14 patients, herniated lumbar disc in 19 patients, and degenerative spondylolisthesis in 68 patients. Single interbody PLIF was performed using iliac bone graft in 54 patients and local bone graft in 47 patients. Existence of pseudarthrosis on X-P (anteroposterior and lateral view) was investigated during the same follow-up period.
No significant differences were found in operation time and blood loss. Significant differences were also not observed in fusion grade at any follow-up period or in fusion progression between the 2 groups. Donor site pain continued for more than 3 months in 6 cases (11%). The final fusion rate was 94.5% versus 95.8%.
Fusion results from the local bone group and the autologous iliac bone group were nearly identical. Furthermore, fusion progression was nearly identical. Complications at donor sites were seen in 17% of the cases. From the aforementioned results, it was concluded that local bone graft is as beneficial as autologous iliac bone graft for PLIF at a single level.
Spine 10/2010; 35(21):E1101-5. · 2.08 Impact Factor
