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ABSTRACT: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a class of synthetic surfactants that are widely used, have become global environmental contaminants because of their high persistence and bioaccumulation. An increasing number of studies have described the pharmacokinetics of PFCs following in vivo exposure, however, few papers have focused on the excretion of these compounds during a period of consecutive exposure. In this study, the excretions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged consecutively for 28 days were investigated and compared. The faster elimination rate in urine compared to feces indicated that urinary excretion is the primary clearance route in rats for either PFOA or PFOS. During the first 24 h after administration of PFOA (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day), about 24.7-29.6% of the oral dose was excreted through urine and feces, while for PFOS, the excretion amounts were only 2.6-2.8% of the total gavaged doses (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day). The excretion rates of both PFCs increased with increasing exposure doses. The higher elimination rate of PFOA through excretion indicated its lower accumulation in rats, thus inducing possible lower toxicities compared to PFOS.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 06/2009; 58(1):205-13. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate boron contamination of public drinking water in China, both dissolved and total boron contents in 98 public drinking water sources from 49 cities, 42 brands of bottled water samples from supermarkets in several cities, and 58 water samples from boron industrial area were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our experimental results showed that boron existed in public drinking water sources mainly in dissolved status with total concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 0.337 mg/L (mean = 0.046 mg/L). The mean boron concentrations in mineral and pure bottled water were 0.052 and 0.028 mg/L, respectively. The results obtained in this work showed that there was no health risk on view of boron in public drinking water sources and bottled water. In boron industrial area, boron concentrations in surface water and ground water were 1.28 mg/L (range = 0.007-3.8 mg/L) and 18.3 mg/L (range = 0.015-140 mg/L), respectively, which indicated that boron industry caused boron pollution in local water system.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 06/2009; 165(1-4):15-25. · 1.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Concern on an emerging persistent contaminant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is increasingly growing. Although the fate, transport, distribution and bioaccumulation of PFOS have been documented, its toxicological effects especially neurotoxicity remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of PFOS on ion channels including potassium and sodium channels and exogenous glutamate-activated current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons were examined, based on whole-cell patch-clamp recording. PFOS markedly increased two subtypes of potassium currents, including transient outward current and delayed rectifier current, at doses over 10μM. PFOS did not affect the amplitude of sodium current at all administrated doses (1, 10 or 100μM) but clearly shifted the activation current-voltage curve toward negatively potential. Further, PFOS significantly altered the glutamate-activated current at all doses. Taken together these findings indicated that PFOS disturbs the neuronal physiological processes, which revealed the damage of this pollutant to nerve system and will be helpful for further exploration to its underlying mechanism.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 05/2009; 27(3):338-44. · 1.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: As an emerging class of environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been ubiquitously found in the environment. Increasing evidence shows that the accumulated levels of PFCs in animals and the human body might cause potential impairment to their health. In the present study, toxicological effects of PFOA and PFOS on male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined after 28 days of subchronic exposure. Abnormal behavior and sharp weight loss were observed in the high-dose PFOS group. Marked hepatomegaly, renal hypertrophy, and orchioncus in treated groups were in accordance with the viscera-somatic indexes of the liver, kidney, and gonad. Histopathological observation showed that relatively serious damage occurred in the liver and lung, mainly including hepatocytic hypertrophy and cytoplasmic vacuolation in the livers and congestion and thickened epithelial walls in the lungs. PFOA concentrations in main target organs were in the order of kidney > liver > lung > (heart, whole blood) > testicle > (spleen, brain), whereas the bioaccumulation order for PFOS was liver > heart > kidney > (whole blood) > lung > (testicle, spleen, brain). The highest concentration of PFOA detected in the kidney exposed to 5 mg/kg/day was 228+/-37 microg/g and PFOS in the liver exposed to 20 mg/kg/day reached the highest level of 648+/-17 microg/g, indicating that the liver, lung, and kidney might serve as the main target organs for PFCs. Furthermore, a dose-dependent accumulation of PFOS in various tissues was found. The accumulation levels of PFOS were universally higher than PFOA, which might explain the relative high toxicity of PFOS. The definite toxicity and high accumulation of the tested PFCs might pose a great threat to biota and human beings due to their widespread application in various fields.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 02/2009; 56(2):338-49. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Interaction of methylmercury and selenium in medaka (Oryzias latipes) on bioaccumulation of pollutants and histopathological changes in liver and gill were studied. Juvenile medaka fish were submitted to a series of waterborne methylmercury chloride (MMC), sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) and their mixture for 210 days, respectively. The methylmercury (MeHg) and selenium contents in the whole body of medaka were determined. The dose- and time-dependent increase of MeHg and selenium contents in medaka were observed. Histopathological changes, such as edema, vacuoles, pyknotic nucleus, and telangiectasis, could clearly be observed in the slices from the exposed medaka's liver and gill. Concurrent exposure to MMC and Na(2)SeO(3) showed the increased selenium accumulation. When the exposure molar ratio of MeHg:Se was about 1, the interaction between MeHg and selenium offered a limited protection against the serious intoxication of both MMC and Na(2)SeO(3) to medaka.
Environmental Toxicology 03/2007; 22(1):69-77. · 2.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A sensitive method based on the fluorescence quenching effect of the Tb(3+)-Tiron complex is proposed for the determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus (ALP) released from fish plasma. The detection limit was 5.4 ng/ml (S/N = 2), and the relative standard deviation of the quenching effect (6 replicates) was 4.6%. The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained by the colorimetric assay. The advantages of the present method are its relatively simple detection procedure, the lack of toxic organic solvents, and high sensitivity.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 02/2007; 19(5):616-21. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A series of specific toxicological effects including bioaccumulation of the pollutant, histological changes and influences on cholinesterase (ChE) activities were examined in the adult Japanese medaka after the exposure to graded sublethal concentrations (40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5ngHg/mL) of methylmercury chloride (MMC). Methylmercury (MeHg) contents in the exposed medaka tissues ranged from 0.03 to 64.4μgHg/g (wet weight, w.w.). High concentrations of MeHg were accumulated in the liver and brain, while the concentrations in muscle and fat were relatively low. A dose-dependent and exposure time-dependent increase of MeHg contents in tissues was observed. Histopathological changes, such as oedema, vacuolization, pyknotic nucleus, telangiectasis, and degenerative sperm, can clearly be observed in the slices from the liver, gill, and male gonad of the exposed medaka. Inhibition of ChE activity was common in the exposed fish's brain, liver, gill, and muscle. The serious intoxication of MMC to medaka was definitely demonstrated herein.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 09/2006; 22(2):225-33. · 1.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Butyltins in surface water, sediments and biota samples from Taihu Lake were determined. The results show that butyltins content in most of the surface water samples is under the limit of the detection; five out of ten sediment samples are measured detectable butyltins. Monobutyltin (MBT) was the main species with the concentrations ranging from below the detection limits to 0.95 ng/g; while all biota samples were detected relatively higher butyltin concentrations with a range of 27.05 - 181.23 ng/g due to the obvious bioaccumulation. Tributyltin (TBT) was the main composition that occupied almost 70% of the total butyltins. The antifouling paints applied on the aquatic cultural box and boats was the possible main source of butyltin compounds in Taihu Lake.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 05/2006; 27(4):661-4.
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ABSTRACT: The use of Mya arenaria as a new sensitive biomonitor of butyltins pollution in the oceanic system was investigated. Field survey indicated that much higher levels of butyltin compounds were found in M. arenaria compared with the other species investigated. Using Mytilus edulis as a control organism, a 28 days exposure of tributyltin chloride (TBT) to M. arenaria for accumulation and subsequent 28 days breeding in clean seawater for elimination were conducted under laboratory conditions in order to confirm its high accumulation ability and characterize its kinetic behavior to TBT. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of M. arenaria ranged from 15,538 to 91,800 after 28 days exposure. The rapid uptake and low rate to eliminate TBT of M. arenaria displayed first-order kinetics. M. arenaria shows potential as a new bioindicator to monitor TBT pollution in marine environment.
Chemosphere 04/2006; 63(1):1-8. · 3.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Sediments used in this study were collected from different depths of eight sites in East China Sea in November 2002. The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs=p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) in samples were investigated by the technique of sonication extraction followed by the analysis of gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a micro-electron capture detector (muECD). The concentrations of SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT in the surface sediments were in the range of <0.05-1.45 ng/g (mean 0.76 ng/g), <0.06-6.04 ng/g (mean 3.05 ng/g) based on dry weight (dw), respectively. In the vertical distributions, the SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT were in the range of <0.05-2.52 ng/g, <0.06-10.94 ng/g dw, respectively. Residues of OCPs varied significantly with different sampling sites. SigmaDDT in the surface sediments was correlated well with total organic carbon (TOC) content (r2=0.71), while SigmaHCH showed no obvious correlation. The distribution showed that the sediments from the vicinity estuary or near shore had higher TOC contents, and higher OCPs concentrations. The contamination record indicated an extensive use of OCPs in the catchments from Yangtze River in the past might greatly affect the OCP residues.
Environment International 08/2005; 31(6):799-804. · 5.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A possible butyltin contamination source in wine was studied in this paper. Agglomerated cork stoppers, which were produced in Portugal, Spain, and Italy, used in wine bottles were examined. The domestic cork products, cork granules, and mucus used for cork products were also analyzed. The levels of mono- and dibutyltin compounds in corks were found in the range from <0.0024 to 3.3 and from <0.0029 to 6.7 microg of Sn/g, respectively. A low level of tributyltin contamination was also found in 2 of 31 tested samples. The presence of butyltin compounds in agglomerated cork stoppers was confirmed by GC-MS. Experimental results indicated that all overseas agglomerated cork stoppers studied contained mono- and/or dibutyltins. Butyltins were not detected in cork granules, mucus, most of the natural cork stoppers, and domestic agglomerated cork products. The concentrations of mono- and dibutyltins increased with the time in a 30-day experiment, showing that butyltin compounds can leach from agglomerated cork to the wine. When the butyltin concentrations in wine samples were compared with their levels in the corresponding agglomerated cork stoppers, a correlation was found. The potential harm of such food contamination was evaluated by the toxic research of butyltin compounds using Daphnia sp. as the experimental model.
Environmental Science and Technology 09/2004; 38(16):4349-52. · 5.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The wide occurrence of estrogenic compounds 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A in surface water of Guanting Reservoir was successfully determined. The target compounds in water samples were preconcentrated by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane, derivatized by trifluoroacetic anhydride, and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). In the selected seven sampling sites (S1-S7), the concentration of NP in sample S7 was significantly higher than the other in reservoir. The status of pollution in S3 and S7 were much more serious. The concentrations of OP, NP and BPA were in the range of 44.5-48.8, 221.6-349.6 and 30.2-82.7 ng/L, respectively. The pollutants were mainly inputted from the upper river and released from sediments in Guanting Reservoir.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 02/2004; 16(5):825-8. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A preliminary investigation of the occurrence of butyltin compounds was made in various environmental samples including water, sediment, sea products, and other commodities from China. Detection was carried out by the method of hydrogenation coupled with SPME or Grignard derivatization, followed by GC-FPD analysis. The results showed the universal existence of butyltin compounds in a wide range of tested samples, which was a potential danger for human health. Urgent control or management of organotin compounds is necessary to prevent the underlying hazard caused by this kind of pollutant.
TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 04/2002; 2:655-9. · 1.66 Impact Factor
