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ABSTRACT: To analyze both targeted and measured refractive errors in highly myopic eyes after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PEA + IOL) and to examine the preoperative factors which influenced these refractive errors, we reviewed medical records of patients who had undergone PEA + IOL. Highly myopic eye was defined as one with axial length (AL) ≥26.50 mm. Mean refractive error (ME), mean absolute refractive error (MAE), and incidence of mean refractive error (IME) within ± 1.00 diopter (D) of targeted refraction were determined. IOL power was selected by SRK/T formula. Consequently, after 568 eyes of the 429 patients were studied, 84 eyes out of 64 patients (15.1 %) had high myopia. ME was +0.45 ± 0.79 diopter (D), MAE was 0.72 ± 0.47 D, and 70 % of refractive errors were within ±1.00 D of the targeted refraction. Postoperative refractive error was significantly higher in eyes where AL ≥31.00 mm, ME = + 1.22 ± 0.64 D, MAE = + 1.22 ± 0.64 D, IME (within ±1.00 D) = 30 %. However, refractive error was minimal when the 2-set optimized A constants, positive and negative power IOLs, were used for calculation. In conclusion, in eyes with high myopia after cataract surgery, mild to moderate myopia was the most common refractive status. However, 14.1 % of these patients have selected emmetropia. Refractive error was higher in eyes with AL ≥31.00 mm.
International Ophthalmology 01/2013;
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new surgical technique of fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for the treatment of foveal retinal detachments (RDs) in eyes with myopic traction maculopathy.
Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series.
Forty-five eyes of 45 consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy and ILM peeling for the treatment of a foveal RD attributable to myopic traction maculopathy were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups by the area of ILM peeled: complete macular ILM peeled group (30 eyes) and fovea-sparing ILM peeled group (15 eyes). A gas tamponade was used in all of the eyes. The main outcome measures were the rate of development of a full-thickness macular hole (MH) and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). All of the patients were followed for more than 6 months.
A full-thickness MH developed in 5 of 30 eyes (16.7%) in the complete ILM peeled group and in none of the 15 eyes in the fovea-sparing ILM peeled group. Postoperative OCT examination showed a contraction of the residual ILM on the fovea and reduction of the outer lamellar holes in the fovea-sparing ILM peeled group. The postoperative BCVA was significantly better than the preoperative BCVA in the fovea-sparing ILM peeled group (P = .04), but not in the complete ILM peeled group.
Fovea-sparing ILM peeling results in better visual and anatomic outcomes for the treatment of foveal RD attributable to myopic traction maculopathy. These were accomplished by reducing the development of a full-thickness MH.
American journal of ophthalmology 07/2012; 154(4):693-701. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To examine the change of the axial length measured by IOL Master in adults with high myopia during a 2-year period. DESIGN: Open-label, consecutive, prospective longitudinal case series. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five eyes of 185 consecutive patients with bilateral high myopia (myopia ≤ -6 diopters (D) or axial length ≥26.5 mm) were studied. The mean age of the patients was 48.4 ± 12.2 years, with a range of 22 to 84 years. The axial length, the anterior chamber depth, and the radius of curvature of the cornea were measured by IOL Master at the initial examination and at 2 years after the first visit. The significance of the changes in the axial length after the 2-year periods was determined. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the factors which were significantly associated with the increase of the axial length. RESULTS: The mean axial length increased significantly from 29.35 ± 1.80 mm to 29.48 ± 1.85 mm in 2 years, a mean increase of 0.13 mm with a range of -0.12 to 1.10 mm. The difference in the increase of the axial length between the patients with and without a posterior staphyloma was not significant. Among the possible explanatory factors, age, axial length, anterior chamber depth, the radius of curvature of the cornea, and intraocular pressure at the initial examination, the increase in the axial length was significantly and positively correlated with the axial length at the initial examination. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement by IOL Master in a large population of highly myopic patients clearly showed that the axial length continued to increase in a span of 2 years even in the 4th decade of life. The eyes with longer axial length showed a greater increase of axial length, suggesting the possibility that the more myopic eyes become more myopic with increasing age.
Albrecht von Graæes Archiv für Ophthalmologie 06/2012; · 2.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To examine the incidence and characteristics of pit-like structures around the optic disc and myopic conus in eyes with high myopia.
Prospective, observational case series.
We evaluated 198 eyes of 119 patients with pathologic myopia (spherical equivalent >-8 diopters [D]). We also evaluated 32 eyes of 32 subjects with emmetropia (refractive error ≤±3 D) as controls.
The papillary and peripapillary areas were examined with a prototype swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a center wavelength of 1050 nm. We studied the structural characteristics of pit-like changes.
The incidence and characteristics of the optic nerve (ON) pits in eyes with high myopia.
Pit-like clefts were found at the outer border of the ON or within the adjacent scleral crescent in 32 of 198 highly myopic eyes (16.2%) but in none of the emmetropic eyes. The eyes with these pits were more myopic, had significantly longer axial lengths, and had significantly larger optic discs than the highly myopic eyes without pits. The pits were located in the optic disc area (optic disc pits) in 11 of 32 eyes and in the area of the conus outside the optic disc (conus pits) in 22 of 32 eyes. One eye had both optic disc pits and conus pits. The optic disc pits existed in the superior or inferior border of the optic disc. All but 1 eye with conus pits had a type IX staphyloma, and the location of the conus pits were present nasal to the scleral ridge or outside the ridge temporal to the nerve. The optic disc pits were associated with discontinuities of the lamina cribrosa, whereas the conus pits appeared to develop from a scleral stretch-associated schisis or to emissary openings for the short posterior ciliary arteries in the sclera. The nerve fiber tissue overlying the pits was discontinuous at the site of the pits.
Optic nerve pits are common in highly myopic eyes. The ON pits are barely visible ophthalmoscopically but can be demonstrated by using swept-source OCT.
Ophthalmology 04/2012; 119(8):1685-92. · 5.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the 2-year results of intravitreal bevacizumab in highly myopic eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
An open-label, consecutive, interventional case series. Seventy-five eyes of 69 consecutive Japanese patients with either subfoveal or nonsubfoveal myopic CNVs were studied. The eyes were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and followed-up for at least 2 years. The best-corrected visual acuities at the baseline in eyes with subfoveal CNV were compared with that in eyes with nonsubfoveal CNV at 2 years after the intravitreal bevacizumab.
The difference between the mean best-corrected visual acuity at the baseline and that at 2 years in eyes with a subfoveal CNV was not significant. However, the mean best-corrected visual acuity in eyes with nonsubfoveal CNV was significantly improved from 0.53 ± 0.36 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units (Snellen 20/66) before intravitreal bevacizumab to 0.29 ± 0.36 logMAR units (Snellen 20/40) (P < 0.001) 2 years after intravitreal bevacizumab. The incidence of chorioretinal atrophy after 2 years was 3 of 49 (6.1%) in eyes with nonsubfoveal CNV and 21 of 26 (80.8%) in eyes with which subfoveal CNV (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the chorioretinal atrophy area with nonsubfoveal CNV was 0.05 ± 0.21 mm, which was also significantly smaller than that of subfoveal CNV at 1.76 ± 1.60 mm (P < 0.001).
Intravitreal bevacizumab is a good treatment for eyes with nonsubfoveal CNV; however, another treatment is necessary for eyes with a subfoveally located CNV.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 12/2011; 32(4):687-95. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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American journal of ophthalmology 11/2011; 152(5):879-80. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 09/2011; 55(6):688-90. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Deposits that accumulate beneath retinal pigment epithelium, called drusen, are early signs of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have shown that amyloid β (Aβ) is present in drusen, and Aβ may be involved in AMD development. We have also shown that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may contribute to the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role played by CX3CR1, a chemokine receptor, in EPC migration and CNV formation.
EPCs collected from human umbilical cords were found to express higher levels of CX3CR1 than human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and exposure of EPCs to Aβ caused further upregulation of CX3CR1. This upregulation was decreased by blocking fractalkine, a ligand of CX3CR1. Exposure of EPCs to fractalkine increased their migration, but pretreatment with Aβ enhanced the migration. The fractalkine-induced EPC migration was more inhibited by EPCs derived from CX3CR1(-/-) mice than wild-type mice. The area of laser-induced CNV was significantly smaller in wild-type mice that received bone marrow transplantation from CX3CR1(-/-) mice than in those that received transplantation from wild-type mice.
These data suggest that Aβ enhances EPC migration through the upregulation of CX3CR1. This upregulation might play a role in development of CNV.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 07/2011; 31(7):e11-8. · 6.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To examine the clinical characteristics of periconus choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in eyes with pathologic myopia.
Retrospective observational case series.
We reviewed the medical records of 260 eyes of 254 patients with a myopic CNV and selected those with a periconus CNV. A periconus CNV was defined as a CNV that is located next to a myopic conus. To differentiate a periconus CNV from a subfoveal CNV that has expanded to the edge of the disc, eyes whose CNV involved the fovea were excluded. The data of the eyes with a subfoveal CNV were used for comparison.
Eleven eyes (4.2%) of 11 patients had a periconus CNV. These CNVs had a triangular or oval shape whose base was directed toward the myopic conus. The eyes with a periconus CNV had a significantly larger myopic conus than eyes with a subfoveal myopic CNV. The degree of myopia and axial length were not significantly associated with the incidence of periconus CNV. In 5 of the 11patients, the periconus CNV had a spontaneous regression without treatment, and none had a recurrence. The other 6 patients received treatment and obtained an angiographic closure after a single treatment. A chorioretinal atrophy (ChRA) developed in 3 eyes, and the ChRA enlarged over the fovea in 2 of these eyes, which led to a significant decrease of vision.
A periconus CNV is rare (4.2%) among the eyes with a myopic CNV and is more likely to develop in eyes with a large myopic conus. The absence of a significant association between the degree of myopia and incidence of periconus CNV suggests that the morphologic characteristics of the eye are not the causes of the periconus CNV. Although an angiographic closure can be easily attained with or without the treatment, the later development and progression of ChRA can impair vision.
American journal of ophthalmology 06/2011; 152(3):420-427.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To identify the characteristics that are associated significantly with visual field (VF) defects in highly myopic eyes.
Retrospective, observational series.
The medical records of 492 eyes of 308 patients with high myopia (myopic refractive error > 8 diopters or axial length ≥ 26.5 mm) with a follow-up of 5 years or more were reviewed. The VFs were determined by Goldmann kinetic perimetry, and the VFs were quantified in 100 sectors within the V4 isopter. Eyes with loss of 10% or more of the sectors were classified as having significant VF defects, and a further loss of 10% or more during the follow-up period was classified as a significant progression. To avoid the influence of the posterior fundus changes resulting from the high myopia, eyes with any type of myopic macular or peripheral lesions that could cause visual field defects were excluded.
Significant VF defects were newly developed in 13.2% of these selected highly myopic eyes during a mean follow-up ± standard deviation of 11.6 ± 5.5 years. The incidence of significant VF defects in myopic eyes was significantly higher in eyes with an oval optic disc than that in eyes with a round optic disc. An oval optic disc was present significantly more frequently in the myopic eyes with VF defects. Temporal and nasal VF defects were present in the same eye. Among the eyes with significant VF defect, the temporal VF defects were observed in 61.5% of the eyes with round discs, in 75.0% of the eyes with vertically oval discs, and in 68.2% of the eyes with obliquely oval discs. During a mean follow-up ± standard deviation of 10.2 ± 3.4 years, 73.8% of the eyes showed a significant progression of the VF defects. An abrupt change of the scleral curvature (types VII and IX staphyloma by Curtin) was the only factor significantly associated with a progression of the VF defects.
Because the VF defects are progressive, we suggest that high myopia is a high risk factor for VF defects and that these eyes be examined at least once yearly. The combination of stretching and distortion of the optic nerve fibers resulting from an abrupt change of scleral curvature may be the factors that lead to the damage of the optic nerve fibers in highly myopic eyes.
American journal of ophthalmology 06/2011; 152(2):256-265.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the incidence and features of macular retinal detachment (RD) after successful intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs).
Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients who received IVB for myopic CNV were studied. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline, at 1 week after IVB, and every month thereafter. The shortest follow-up period was 6 months.
Four eyes (5.4%) either developed or had increased macular RD after successful IVB. In the three eyes, macular RD newly developed 1 month after IVB despite the absence of dye leakage. The remaining eye had a limited area of macular RD at baseline and increased despite the disappearance of dye leakage from the CNV after the IVB. The four eyes that developed a macular RD had retinoschisis around the CNV before IVB, whereas none of the 70 other patients had a retinoschisis throughout the follow-up period. In all four eyes that either developed or had increased macular RD, outer lamellar holes were detected at the upper edge of the RD by OCT examinations, whereas none of the patients who did not develop a macular RD after IVB showed outer lamellar holes.
These results suggest that there is a risk of developing macular RD after IVB in eyes with myopic CNV. Periodic OCT examinations are recommended for patients with myopic CNV to search for RDs after IVB.
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 05/2011; 55(4):378-82. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the natural course of lamellar macular holes (MHs) in highly myopic eyes.
Prospective and observational case series.
Twenty-four eyes of 21 consecutive patients with a lamellar MH and high myopia (myopic refractive error >8 diopters or axial length ≥26.5 mm) were followed for ≥12 months. The changes of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analyzed. The progression of the lamellar MH to a full-thickness MH and the change of the BCVA were analyzed.
At the initial examination, an epiretinal membrane was identified by OCT in 17 of the 24 eyes (70.8%) and 7 eyes (29.2%) had macular retinoschisis. Twenty-three of 24 eyes (95.8%) did not show any changes of the lamellar MH in the OCT images during a mean follow-up of 19.2 ± 10.2 months. However, the remaining eye progressed to a full-thickness MH and pars plana vitrectomy was required to close the MH. Except for this 1 eye, the BCVA was maintained (within 0.2 logMAR change) during the follow-up period of at least 1 year.
A lamellar MH in highly myopic eyes is a relatively stable condition.
American journal of ophthalmology 05/2011; 152(1):96-99.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the topography of human eyes with pathologic myopia by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volume rendering of the acquired images.
Observational case series.
Eighty-six eyes of 44 patients with high myopia (refractive error ≥-8.00 diopters [D] or axial length >26.5 mm) were studied. Forty emmetropic eyes were examined as controls.
The participants were examined with an MRI scanner (Signa HDxt 1.5T, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI), and T(2)-weighted cubes were obtained. Volume renderings of the images from high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) data were done by computer workstation. The margins of globes were then identified semiautomatically by the signal intensity, and the tissues outside the globes were removed.
The 3D topographic characteristic of the globes and the distribution of the 4 distinct shapes of globes according to the symmetry and the radius of curvature of the contour of the posterior segment: the barrel, cylindric, nasally distorted, and temporally distorted types.
In 69.8% of the patients with bilateral high myopia, both eyes had the same ocular shape. The most protruded part of the globe existed along the central sagittal axis in 78.3% of eyes and was slightly inferior to the central axis in the remaining eyes. In 38 of 68 eyes (55.9%) with bilateral pathologic myopia, multiple protrusions were observed. The eyes with 2 protrusions were subdivided into those with nasal protrusions and those with temporal protrusions. The eyes with 3 protrusions were subdivided into nasal, temporal superior, and temporal inferior protrusions. The eyes with visual field defects that could not be explained by myopic fundus lesions significantly more frequently had a temporally distorted shape. Eyes with ≥2 protrusions had myopic chorioretinal atrophy significantly more frequently than eyes with ≤1 protrusion.
Our results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a complete topographic image of human eyes by high-resolution MRI with volume-rendering techniques. The results showed that there are different ocular shapes in eyes with pathologic myopia, and that the difference in the ocular shape is correlated with the development of vision-threatening conditions in eyes with pathologic myopia.
The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Ophthalmology 04/2011; 118(8):1626-37. · 5.45 Impact Factor
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Ophthalmology 04/2011; 118(4):791-791.e2. · 5.45 Impact Factor
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Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 03/2011; 55(2):171-3. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether a significant correlation existed between the visual prognosis and fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomographic images in highly myopic eyes with simple macular bleeding.
We reviewed the charts of 31 eyes of 28 patients with high myopia and simple bleeding. The patients were divided into those whose best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/32 and those with BCVA <20/32 at 6 months after absorption of the hemorrhage.
At 6 months, 19 eyes had BCVA ≥0.7 and 12 eyes had BCVA <0.7. In the former group, the inner segment/outer segment line of photoreceptors was intact in optical coherence tomographic images at the onset but was defective in 75% of the eyes in the latter group. At 6 months, the inner segment/outer segment defect was absent in all the eyes in the former group but was observed in 67% of the latter group. A hypoautofluorescence was present at the area of the bleeding more frequently in the poor BCVA groups.
An inner segment/outer segment defect at the onset of simple bleeding might be a useful sign to predict a limited visual recovery. The persistent hypofluorescence in fundus autofluorescence is probably caused by damage to the retinal pigment epithelium by the subretinal hemorrhage.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 01/2011; 31(1):74-80. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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Natsuko Saka,
Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Noriaki Shimada,
Shin-Ichi Sueyoshi,
Natsuko Nagaoka,
Wakako Hayashi,
Kengo Hayashi,
Muka Moriyama,
Ariko Kojima,
Kenjiro Yasuzumi,
Takeshi Yoshida,
Takashi Tokoro,
Manabu Mochizuki
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ABSTRACT: To examine the long-term changes of the axial length in adults with high myopia.
Open-label, consecutive, retrospective case series.
The medical records of 101 patients (184 eyes) with high myopia (myopia ≥-6 diopters or axial length ≥26.5 mm) were studied. The axial length of the eye was measured by A-scan ultrasonography. The significance of the changes in the axial length during follow-up was determined. The effects of the age, axial length, and the presence of a posterior staphyloma at the initial examination on the axial length elongation were determined.
The mean follow-up period was 8.2 years. The median axial length increased significantly from 28.6 mm at the initial examination to 29.4 mm at the final examination in the 184 eyes. The axial length remained stable (≤1-mm difference) in 69%, whereas the axial length increased by more than 1 mm in 31% of the eyes. For these 31%, the median axial length increased by 1.55 mm. An increase of the axial length per year was significantly greater in older patients than their younger cohorts, and the increase in eyes with a posterior staphyloma was significantly greater than in eyes without a staphyloma. Multiple regression analyses showed that the axial length elongation was positively and significantly correlated with patient age at the initial examination.
In highly myopic adult patients, the axial length continued to increase. Older individuals with posterior staphyloma were more susceptible to having a larger increase in the axial length. A progression of posterior staphyloma with increasing age is considered a key factor for the continuous increase of axial length in adults with high myopia.
American journal of ophthalmology 10/2010; 150(4):562-568.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in highly myopic eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
Open-label, consecutive, interventional case series.
Forty-eight eyes of 46 consecutive Japanese patients with a myopic CNV were studied. The eyes were treated with PDT and were followed up from 1 to 4 years. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) at the baseline and after the PDT were compared. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the factors that were significantly associated with the BCVA at 3 or 4 years.
The mean follow-up period was 3.2 years. Sixty-nine percent of the patients obtained angiographic closure by a single PDT treatment, and the average number of PDT treatments was 1.4. Chorioretinal atrophy developed in 61% of the eyes at 3 years and in 70% of the eyes at 4 years. The BCVA did not change significantly after the PDT. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the BCVA at 3 years was significantly correlated with the baseline BCVA and area of chorioretinal atrophy. Analyses of the 20 patients at 4 years or more showed that in 5 of 7 (71.4%) patients with juxtafoveal CNV, chorioretinal atrophy did not develop and that all had BCVA of 0.5 or better. However, in 12 of the 13 patients with a subfoveal CNV, chorioretinal atrophy developed at 4 years, and 10 of these patients had BCVA of 0.1 or worse.
In highly myopic patients, 69% obtained angiographic closure by a single PDT treatment, and recurrence was rare. These findings indicate that PDT is still a good option for treating CNVs in highly myopic patients.
American journal of ophthalmology 10/2010; 151(1):137-147.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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Hideo Nakanishi,
Hisako Hayashi,
Ryo Yamada,
Kenji Yamashiro,
Isao Nakata, Noriaki Shimada,
Kyoko Ohno-Matsui,
Manabu Mochizuki,
Mineo Ozaki,
Shin Yoshitake,
Shoji Kuriyama,
Masaaki Saito,
Tomohiro Iida,
Keitaro Matsuo,
Fumihiko Matsuda,
Nagahisa Yoshimura
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ABSTRACT: Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes can cause variations in the expression of the MMP genes in the sclera that can lead to a greater susceptibility to axial elongation of the eye. The purpose of this study was to determine whether functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MMP1, -2, and -3 promoter regions are associated with high myopia in the Japanese.
Seven hundred twenty-five unrelated Japanese patients with high myopia (axial length of >or=26.0 mm in both eyes, or refractive error>or=-6.0 D in phakic cases) and >or=40 years of age were studied. Five hundred forty-six healthy, unrelated Japanese who were >or=40 years of age served as population-based control subjects. All the subjects were genotyped for the four functional SNPs MMP1 -1607 1G/2G, MMP2 C-1306T, MMP2 C-735T, and MMP3 -1612 5A/6A with an SNP assay. The distribution of the genotypes in the cases and control subjects was compared by the chi2 test for trend.
No significant difference was detected in the distribution of the four SNPs MMP1 -1607 1G/2G (P=0.92), MMP2 C-1306T (P=0.83), MMP2 C-735T (P=0.10), and MMP3 -1612 5A/6A (P=0.62), between the high myopia cases and the general-population controls.
The four functional SNPs in the MMP1, -2, and -3 promoter regions do not play critical roles in the development of high myopia in the Japanese population.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 04/2010; 51(9):4432-6. · 3.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the characteristics of a macular retinoschisis using noninvasive retromode imaging by a new, commercial confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (F10; Nidek, Aichi, Japan) and to compare the findings with those obtained by conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Open-label, consecutive, interventional case series.
Sixty-six consecutive highly myopic eyes were examined by multiple scans of the posterior fundus within the retinal vascular arcade using the Cirrus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany). The retinas also were examined with the F10.
OCT examinations showed that 22 (33.3%) of the 66 eyes had a macular retinoschisis. Retromode imaging by F10 showed a characteristic fingerprint pattern at the corresponding area of the macular retinoschisis in all 22 eyes. The fingerprint pattern consisted of radiating retinal striae centered on the fovea and many light dots and lines that ran in parallel to the striae or formed a whorled pattern surrounded the radiating striae. Two patients had both inner and outer retinoschisis, and the border between them was outlined as a change in the course of the linear reflex by the retromode imaging. Also, an inner lamellar hole was found in 2 patients and was observed as a circular defect of the deep retinal reflex by the retromode imaging. In contrast, the 44 eyes that did not have a macular retinoschisis by OCT showed no abnormal findings by F10.
Retromode imaging by F10 shows characteristic alteration of the retina that corresponds to the site of the macular retinoschisis.
American journal of ophthalmology 04/2010; 149(4):635-640.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor
