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Masae Shinozaki,
Shin Fukudo,
Michio Hongo,
Tooru Shimosegawa,
Daisuke Sasaki,
Kei Matsueda,
Shigeru Harasawa,
Soichiro Miura,
Tetsuya Mine,
Hiroshi Kaneko,
Tetsuo Arakawa,
Ken Haruma, Akira Torii,
Takeshi Azuma,
Hiroto Miwa,
Mikihiko Fukunaga,
Masanori Handa,
Shigeru Kitamori,
Takeshi Miwa
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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among Japanese patients who visit hospitals departments of internal medicine is thought to be high. However, no clear statistical evidence has been provided to support such a claim. We tested the hypotheses that the prevalence of IBS in medical outpatients clinics in Japan is high, and that IBS patients feel more psychosocial stress than patients without IBS.
The subjects in this study were 633 patients who visited participating physicians. Patients were asked to fill in the Japanese version of the Rome II Modular Questionnaire (RIIMQ) for IBS diagnosis, the Self-reported Irritable Bowel Syndrome Questionnaire (SIBSQ) for severity of the disease and the demographic questionnaire for perceived stress and life style.
Rome II-defined IBS was diagnosed in 196 patients (31%). Analysis of variance revealed significant difference in the IBS scores of SIBSQ among IBS subjects (39.0+/-11.1, mean+/-SD), functional bowel disorder subjects (27.1+/-10.2), and normal subjects (24.0+/-10.0, P<0.01). The prevalence of IBS depending on age formed 2 peaks, one among adolescents and the other among the elderly. IBS patients had significantly more perceived stress (P<0.0001), irregular sleep habit (P<0.0001), and irregular meal habit (P<0.0001) than those without IBS.
The prevalence of IBS among medical outpatients in Japan is high (31%). IBS subjects among medically ill patients are thought to have more perceived stress and less regular life styles.
Journal of clinical gastroenterology 08/2008; 42(9):1010-6. · 2.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin I (UcnI) have been shown to accelerate colonic transit after central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral administration, but the mechanism of their peripheral effect on colonic motor function has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, the localization of UcnI in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the colon is unknown. We investigated the effect of CRF and UcnI on colonic motor function and examined the localization of CRF, UcnI, CRF receptors, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and 5-HT. Isometric tension of rat colonic muscle strips was measured. The effect of CRF, UcnI on phasic contractions, and electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced off-contractions were examined. The effects of UcnI on both types of contraction were also studied in the presence of antalarmin, astressin2-B, tetrodotoxin (TTX), atropine, and 5-HT antagonists. The localizations of CRF, UcnI, CRF receptors, ChAT, and 5-HT in the colon were investigated by immunohistochemistry. CRF and UcnI increased both contractions dose dependently. UcnI exerted a more potent effect than CRF. Antalarmin, TTX, atropine, and 5-HT antagonists abolished the contractile effects of UcnI. CRF and UcnI were observed in the neuronal cells of the myenteric plexus. UcnI and ChAT, as well as UcnI and 5-HT, were colocalized in some of the neuronal cells of the myenteric plexus. This study demonstrated that CRF and UcnI act on the ENS and increase colonic contractility by enhancing cholinergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. These peptides are present in myenteric neurons. CRF and, perhaps, to a greater extent, UcnI appear to act as neuromodulators in the ENS of the rat colon.
AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 11/2007; 293(4):G903-10. · 3.43 Impact Factor
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Shigeo Koido,
Eiichi Hara,
Sadamu Homma, Akira Torii,
Makoto Mitsunaga,
Satoru Yanagisawa,
Yoichi Toyama,
Hidejiro Kawahara,
Michiaki Watanabe,
Seiya Yoshida,
Susumu Kobayashi,
Katsuhiko Yanaga,
Kiyotaka Fujise,
Hisao Tajiri
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ABSTRACT: Dendritic/tumor fusion cell (FC) vaccine is an effective approach for various types of cancer but has not yet been standardized. Antitumor activity can be modulated by different mechanisms such as dendritic cell (DC) maturation state. This study addressed optimal strategies for FC preparations to enhance Ag-specific CTL activity. We have created three types of FC preparations by alternating fusion cell partners: 1) immature DCs fused with autologous colorectal carcinoma cells (Imm-FCs); 2) Imm-FCs followed by stimulation with penicillin-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432) (Imm-FCs/OK); and 3) OK-432-stimulated DCs directly fused to autologous colorectal carcinoma cells (OK-FCs). Both OK-FCs and Imm-FCs/OK coexpressed the CEA, MUC1, and significantly higher levels of CD86, CD83, and IL-12 than those obtained with Imm-FCs. Short-term culture of fusion cell preparations promoted the fusion efficiency. Interestingly, OK-FCs were more efficient in stimulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells capable of high levels of IFN-gamma production and cytolysis of autologous tumor or semiallogeneic targets. Moreover, OK-FCs are more effective inducer of CTL activation compared with Imm-FCs/OK on a per fusion cell basis. The pentameric assay confirmed that CEA- and MUC1-specific CTL was induced simultaneously by OK-FCs at high frequency. Furthermore, the cryopreserved OK-FCs retained stimulatory capacity for inducing antitumor immunity. These results suggest that OK-432 promotes fusion efficiency and induction of Ag-specific CTL by fusion cells. We conclude that DCs fused after stimulation by OK-432 may have the potential applicability to the field of antitumor immunotherapy and may provide a platform for adoptive immunotherapy in the clinical setting.
The Journal of Immunology 02/2007; 178(1):613-22. · 5.79 Impact Factor
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Akira Torii
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ABSTRACT: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a biopsychosocial disorder resulting from a combination of 3 interacting mechanisms: psychosocial factors, altered motility and transit, which may reflect severity of bowel dysfunction, and increased sensitivity of the intestine or colon. In other words, mechanism in IBS is biopsychosocial disorders; psychosocial factors, altered motility, and heightened sensory function. Understanding the brain-gut axis is the key to the eventual development of effective therapies for IBS.
Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 09/2006; 64(8):1452-5.
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Shigeo Koido,
Eiichi Hara, Akira Torii,
Sadamu Homma,
Yoichi Toyama,
Hidejiro Kawahara,
Masaichi Ogawa,
Michiaki Watanabe,
Katsuhiko Yanaga,
Kiyotaka Fujise,
Jianlin Gong,
Gotaro Toda
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ABSTRACT: Human metastatic colorectal carcinomas (CRCAs) express carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and/or MUC1 tumor-associated antigens as potential targets for the induction of active specific immunity. In the present study, freshly isolated metastatic CRCA cells were successfully fused with immature autologous human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The created heterokaryons (DC/CRCA) coexpress the CRCA-derived CEA and MUC1 antigens and DC-derived MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. The fusion cells were functional in stimulating the proliferation of autologous T cells. In addition, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were activated by fusion cells, as demonstrated by the production of high levels of IFN-gamma. More importantly, coculture of fusion cells with patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) resulted in the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs were effective at lysis of not only autologous CRCA cells but also the CEA and/or MUC1-positive and HLA partially matched target cells. Antigen-specific CTL responses were confirmed by tetrameric analysis. Coculture of PBMCs with fusion cells resulted in increased frequency of CEA- and MUC1-specific CTLs simultaneously. Taken together, these results indicate that freshly isolated human metastatic CRCA cells expressing the CEA and/or MUC1 may represent a potential partner for the creation of DC/tumor fusion cells targeting induction of antigen-specific CTL responses. Our report demonstrates the simultaneous induction of CRCA-specific CTL responses restricted by HLA-A2 and -A24.
International Journal of Cancer 12/2005; 117(4):587-95. · 5.44 Impact Factor
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Shigeo Koido,
Eiichi Hara,
Sadamu Homma, Akira Torii,
Yoichi Toyama,
Hidejiro Kawahara,
Michiaki Watanabe,
Katsuhiko Yanaga,
Kiyotaka Fujise,
Hisao Tajiri,
Jianlin Gong,
Gotaro Toda
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ABSTRACT: The aim of antitumor immunotherapy is to induce CTL responses against autologous tumors. Previous work has shown that fusion of human dendritic cells and autologous tumor cells induce CTL responses against autologous tumor cells in vitro. However, in the clinical setting of patients with colorectal carcinoma, a major difficulty is the preparation of sufficient amounts of autologous tumor cells. In the present study, autologous dendritic cells from patients with colorectal carcinoma were fused to allogeneic colorectal tumor cell line, COLM-6 (HLA-A2(-)/HLA-24(-)), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)(+), and MUC1(+) as an alternative strategy to deliver shared colorectal carcinoma antigens to dendritic cells. Stimulation of autologous T cells by the fusion cells generated with autologous dendritic cells (HLA-A2(+) and/or HLA-A24(+)) and allogeneic COLM-6 resulted in MHC class I- and MHC class II-restricted proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, high levels of IFN-gamma production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and the simultaneous induction of CEA- and MUC1-specific CTL responses restricted by HLA-A2 and/or HLA-A24. Finally, CTL induced by dendritic cell/allogeneic COLM-6 fusion cells were able to kill autologous colorectal carcinoma by HLA-A2- and/or HLA-A24-restricted mechanisms. The demonstration of CTL activity against shared tumor-associated antigens using an allogeneic tumor cell line, COLM-6, provides that the presence of alloantigens does not prevent the development of CTL with activity against autologous colorectal carcinoma cells. The fusion of allogeneic colorectal carcinoma cell line and autologous dendritic cells could have potential applicability to the field of antitumor immunotherapy through the cross-priming against shared tumor antigens and provides a platform for adoptive immunotherapy.
Clinical Cancer Research 12/2005; 11(21):7891-900. · 7.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Urocortin 3 (Ucn 3) or stresscopin (SCP) is a new member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family and is a specific ligand for CRF type 2 receptor (CRF2). CRF receptors are known to be expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and are considered to play pathophysiological roles, for example, in gastrointestinal motility under stress. We, therefore, examined Ucn 3 expression in the normal human large intestine obtained from surgery and autopsy in order to clarify this local response to stress in human intestine. Both immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization demonstrated Ucn 3 expression in myenteric and submucosal nervous plexus, in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of blood vessels in subserosa, in smooth muscle layers of the large intestine, and in enterochromaffin cells. In contrast to Urocortin 1 (Ucn 1), Ucn 3 was hardly detected in lamina propria (LP) inflammatory cells in colonic mucosa. In addition, immunohistochemistry demonstrated CRF2 expression in myenteric and submucosal nervous plexus, in smooth muscle layers, in VECs, in VSMCs and in lamina propria inflammatory cells. Immunoreactive Ucn 3 was also detected in the large intestine by RIA, with high concentrations detected in the rectum (15.4+/-9.5 pmol/g wet weight, mean+/-SEM, n=3) and sigmoid colon (6.5+/-3.5 pmol/g wet weight, n=5). Reverse-phase HPLC of the human large intestine disclosed peaks eluting in the position of synthetic Ucn 3 or SCP. These findings all suggest that Ucn 3 plays some physiological or pathological roles in the modulation of gastrointestinal functions during stressful conditions in different manners from Ucn 1.
Peptides 08/2005; 26(7):1196-206. · 2.43 Impact Factor
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Shigeo Koido,
Eiichi Hara, Akira Torii,
Sadamu Homma,
Yoichi Toyama,
Hidejiro Kawahara,
Masaichi Ogawa,
Michiaki Watanabe,
Katsuhiko Yanaga,
Kiyotaka Fujise,
Jianlin Gong,
Gotaro Toda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Human metastatic colorectal carcinomas (CRCAs) express carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and/or MUC1 tumor-associated antigens as potential targets for the induction of active specific immunity. In the present study, freshly isolated metastatic CRCA cells were successfully fused with immature autologous human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The created heterokaryons (DC/CRCA) coexpress the CRCA-derived CEA and MUC1 antigens and DC-derived MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. The fusion cells were functional in stimulating the proliferation of autologous T cells. In addition, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were activated by fusion cells, as demonstrated by the production of high levels of IFN-γ. More importantly, coculture of fusion cells with patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) resulted in the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs were effective at lysis of not only autologous CRCA cells but also the CEA and/or MUC1-positive and HLA partially matched target cells. Antigen-specific CTL responses were confirmed by tetrameric analysis. Coculture of PBMCs with fusion cells resulted in increased frequency of CEA- and MUC1-specific CTLs simultaneously. Taken together, these results indicate that freshly isolated human metastatic CRCA cells expressing the CEA and/or MUC1 may represent a potential partner for the creation of DC/tumor fusion cells targeting induction of antigen-specific CTL responses. Our report demonstrates the simultaneous induction of CRCA-specific CTL responses restricted by HLA-A2 and -A24. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
International Journal of Cancer 06/2005; 117(4):587 - 595. · 5.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a long-standing chronic inflammation of the bowel with intermittent periods of exacerbation and remission. Its acute exacerbation appears to be related to various stresses. Urocortin 1 (Ucn1) may play important roles in integrated local responses to stress. We therefore examined local production of Ucn1 in patients with UC by immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization. Ucn1 immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in lamina propria plasma cells and enterochromaffin cells. In UC patients without glucocorticoid treatment, Ucn1-positive cells and plasma cells increased in proportion to the severity of inflammation (P < 0.0001). Ucn1-positive cells significantly increased in UC patients with advanced inflammatory grades, compared with a control group (P < 0.0001) and nonspecific colitis group (P < 0.0001). In glucocorticoid-treated patients, Ucn1-positive cells were significantly lower in number, compared with the nonglucocorticoid-treated group. Ucn1 mRNA was expressed in lamina propria plasma cells, and both corticotropin-releasing factor(1) and corticotropin-releasing factor(2(a)) mRNAs were also partially coexpressed in these cells and macrophages. The present study showed that Ucn1-positive cells were correlated with the severity of inflammation in colonic mucosa with UC, and glucocorticoid treatment decreased these cells. Ucn1 therefore may act as a possible local immune-inflammatory mediator in UC.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 11/2004; 89(11):5352-61. · 6.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. The prevalence rate is 10-20% and women have a higher prevalence. IBS adversely affects quality of life and is associated with health care use and costs. IBS comprises a group of functional bowel disorders in which abdominal discomfort or pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habit, and with features of disordered defecation. The consensus definition and criteria for IBS have been formalized in the "Rome II criteria". Food, psychiatric disorders, and gastroenteritis are risk factors for developing IBS. The mechanism in IBS involves biopsychosocial disorders; psychosocial factors, altered motility, and heightened sensory function. Brain-gut interaction is the most important in understanding the pathophysiology of IBS. Effective management requires an effective physician-patient relationship. Dietary treatment, lifestyle therapy, behavioral therapy, and pharmacologic therapy play a major role in treating IBS. Calcium polycarbophil can benefit IBS patients with constipation or alternating diarrhea and constipation.
Internal Medicine 06/2004; 43(5):353-9. · 0.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Helicobacter species can induce carcinoma in the liver of certain mice. Furthermore, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exhibits hepatotoxicity in vitro. These reports indicate that H. pylori may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of H. pylori in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine if H. pylori may affect the development of this disease. Liver specimens from 15 HCC patients dissected into tumor and non-tumor tissues were examined for H. pylori by PCR using two sets of primers for 16S rRNA and urease B. DNA sequencing analysis was performed to confirm that PCR products with 16S rRNA primers were derived from H. pylori DNA. The specimens were also examined for H. pylori by immunohistochemistry using anti-H. pylori antibody. H. pylori was found in 13 of 15 tumor tissues, not in the non-tumor tissues. By contrast, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, frequent colonizers of gut, were not detected by PCR in the HCC tumors. Ten cirrhotic liver tissue specimens and seven normal liver tissue specimens were also negative for H. pylori DNA by PCR. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified fragment shared 100% identity with the 16S rRNA gene of H. pylori. H. pylori was also detected in HCC tissue by immunohistochemical analysis. The presence of H. pylori in human HCC tissue was demonstrated by PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. These findings suggest that H. pylori might contribute to the development of HCC. Further study is needed to prove the pathogenetic role of H. pylori in the development of human HCC.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine 03/2004; 13(2):221-7. · 1.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The usefulness of multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was investigated in 27 patients with Crohn's disease. MDCT depicted characteristic lesions associated with Crohn's disease, including bowel wall thickening, strictures, bowel wall enhancement with contrast, opacity of fatty tissue and mesenteric lymph node enlargement. With respect to delineation of lesion sites, a 76% or higher correlation rate was observed between MDCT and other conventional diagnostic procedures such as colonoscopy, barium enema, small bowel examination, and gastrointestinal endoscopy. The patient were classified as either with active disease or in remission based on the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI). We then compared MDCT findings in patients with active disease and in remission. A positive correlation (r = 0.70) between CDAI and bowel wall thickening was observed. A comparison of 13 patients with active disease versus 14 patients in remission revealed significant bowel wall thickening, mesenteric lymph node enlargement, and opacity of fatty tissue. MDCT accurately depicted lesions consistent with active Crohn's disease. MDCT is a minimally invasive procedure that is useful in the evaluation of acute active Crohn's disease.
Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology 12/2002; 99(11):1317-25.
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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of the peptic ulcer in the aged associated with liver cirrhosis is not so high in comparison with that of the younger. But if bleeding occurs, it is very difficult to stop it and it influences the prognosis of the patients. The factors of liver cirrhosis which influence the therapy of peptic ulcer are bleeding tendency, hypoalbuminemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. The therapies on the peptic ulcer of the aged associated with liver cirrhosis are consisted with rest therapy, diet therapy, and drug therapy. It is necessary to consider the level of liver function to decide the therapies. If bleeding occurs, the endoscopic therapy is effective, and if the patient fall to the shock status, it is necessary to consider the operation as soon as possible. It is important to evaluate the liver function to select the therapies.
Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 09/2002; 60(8):1592-4.
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Seiji Arihiro,
Haruo Ohtani,
Manabu Suzuki,
Masahiro Murata,
Chieko Ejima,
Motoji Oki,
Yoshitaka Kinouchi,
Kouhei Fukushima,
Iwao Sasaki,
Shiro Nakamura,
Takayuki Matsumoto, Akira Torii,
Gotaro Toda,
Hiroshi Nagura
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ABSTRACT: Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) is selectively expressed in the endothelial cells of intestinal mucosa and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Engagement of MAdCAM-1 to its ligand, integrin 4β7, on lymphocytes is associated with the homing of gut-associated lymphocytes to normal gastrointestinal tract and inflammation sites. The present study was designed to elucidate differences between Crohn's disease (CrD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from the expression patterns of MAdCAM-1. Samples were taken from 40 patients with CrD and 24 patients with UC at surgical resection. Using frozen sections, immunohistochemistry was performed for MAdCAM-1, E-selectin and CD34. MAdCAM-1+ venules were abundant in inflamed mucosa in both UC and CrD. In contrast, clear differences were noted between UC and CrD in the inflammatory area in the ulcer base, that is, MAdCAM-1+ venules were more abundant in CrD than in UC (P < 0.001), while E-selectin was expressed equally in these venules in both diseases. Furthermore, CrD was characterized by the occurrence of MAdCAM-1+ venules in deeper layers of the intestinal tissue, mainly in lymphoid aggregates. Our data indicated more extensive expression of MAdCAM-1 in CrD, which could contribute not only to mucosal inflammation, but also to transmural inflammation in CrD.
Pathology International 07/2002; 52(5‐6):367 - 374. · 1.62 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Myofibroblasts in the periacinar area of the pancreas have been demonstrated to mediate fibrogenesis in pancreatic fibrosis. However, only a few reports have described myofibroblasts in the pancreatic duct. To elucidate the presence of myofibroblasts in the pancreatic ductal wall, we performed an immunohistochemical study, using immunostains for both !-smooth muscle actin (!SMA) and desmin, and an electron microscopic study on surgically resected pancreatic specimens from 10, 23, 23, and 56 cases of focal pancreatitis (FP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatic carcinoma (PCa), and carcinoma of the papilla of Vater (VPCa), respectively. All cases showed localized stenosis of the main pancreatic duct by means of preoperative pancreatography. As controls, 20 autopsy cases were studied. !SMA-positive and desmin-negative cells existed in the ductal walls of controls and were revealed as myofibroblasts by means of electron microscopy. In six FPs, proliferation of myofibroblasts was observed at the stenotic portion. In VPCas, myofibroblasts mainly proliferated in the pancreatic ductal wall. In CPs and PCas, no myofibroblast proliferation was observed at the stenotic portion. The proliferation of myofibroblasts might occur as a wound healing process in FP, while acting against elevation of intraductal pressure in VPCa. In conclusion, proliferation of myofibroblasts plays an important role in ductal changes in various pathological situations.
Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin 04/2001; 438(5):442-450. · 2.49 Impact Factor
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Gastroenterology 01/2000; 118(4). · 11.68 Impact Factor
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Seiji Arihiro,
Haruo Ohtani,
Manabu Suzuki,
Masahiro Murata,
Chieko Ejima,
Motoji Oki,
Yoshitaka Kinouchi,
Kouhei Fukushima,
Iwao Sasaki,
Shiro Nakamura,
Takayuki Matsumoto, Akira Torii,
Gotaro Toda,
Hiroshi Nagura
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[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) is selectively expressed in the endothelial cells of intestinal mucosa and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Engagement of MAdCAM-1 to its ligand, integrin alpha4beta7, on lymphocytes is associated with the homing of gut-associated lymphocytes to normal gastrointestinal tract and inflammation sites. The present study was designed to elucidate differences between Crohn's disease (CrD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from the expression patterns of MAdCAM-1. Samples were taken from 40 patients with CrD and 24 patients with UC at surgical resection. Using frozen sections, immunohistochemistry was performed for MAdCAM-1, E-selectin and CD34. MAdCAM-1+ venules were abundant in inflamed mucosa in both UC and CrD. In contrast, clear differences were noted between UC and CrD in the inflammatory area in the ulcer base, that is, MAdCAM-1+ venules were more abundant in CrD than in UC (P < 0.001), while E-selectin was expressed equally in these venules in both diseases. Furthermore, CrD was characterized by the occurrence of MAdCAM-1+ venules in deeper layers of the intestinal tissue, mainly in lymphoid aggregates. Our data indicated more extensive expression of MAdCAM-1 in CrD, which could contribute not only to mucosal inflammation, but also to transmural inflammation in CrD.
Pathology International 52(5-6):367-74. · 1.62 Impact Factor
