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ABSTRACT: To determine whether toothpaste diluent type and dilution rate influence abrasion of dentin.
Slabs of human root dentin (4 x 3 x 2 mm) were embedded in epoxy resin, ground and polished. Adhesive tape was placed on the specimen's surface leaving an exposed central area of 1 x 4 mm. Specimens (n = 15) were then brushed for 1,000 strokes in a reciprocal action brushing simulator using toothpaste that had been diluted in a carboxymethylcellulose-based artificial saliva (CMC) or deionized water (DW) from 1:1 to 1:4 (toothpaste:diluents, in weight). Control groups were brushed with undiluted toothpaste, CMC-based saliva or DW only. Brushing simulation was run at 300 g load at 37 degrees C. After brushing, adhesive tape was removed and wear analyzed by optical profilometry.
One-way ANOVA (P < 0.0001) and Tukey's test revealed that, in general, wear depth (microm) declined with increasing dilution, regardless of the diluent. Brushing with CMC- or DW-only caused the least abrasion.
American journal of dentistry 10/2010; 23(5):247-50. · 0.76 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An 8% strontium acetate, 1040 ppm sodium fluoride-based dentifrice has been demonstrated in in vitro and in situ studies to provide deep and acid-resistant tubule occlusion. Clinical efficacy studies have shown instant and lasting dentin hypersensitivity relief from this dentifrice, which has recently been launched by GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare as Sensodyne Rapid Relief.
The Journal of clinical dentistry 01/2010; 21(2):56-8.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride (from sodium fluoride) in a silica base (test dentifrice) to a control dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride (from sodium fluoride) in a silica base, to reduce dentin hypersensitivity immediately after a single dab-on self-application, and after subsequent twice-daily brushing for three days.
This was a randomized, examiner-blind, two-arm parallel group, three-day clinical study with seventy-nine subjects, stratified based on baseline tooth sensitivity. Tooth sensitivity was determined through subject responses to both evaporative (Schiff and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) and tactile stimuli (Yeaple probe), prior to and immediately after subjects self-applied a single pea-sized amount of either the test or control dentifrice to qualifying sensitive teeth, massaging the toothpaste onto the sensitive area for one minute. Tooth sensitivity was further assessed in response to the same stimuli after subjects brushed twice daily for an additional three days. Subject assessments were performed by the same examiner throughout the study.
Seventy-nine subjects completed this clinical study. Both subject groups exhibited reductions in dentin hypersensitivity directly after a single dab-on application. These reductions were significant across all measures for the test dentifrice. Between-treatment analyses showed the test dentifrice to be significantly better at relieving subjects' sensitivity across all measures (Schiff p = 0.0003, tactile p = 0.0003, and VAS p = 0.0077) compared to the control. After the additional three days of twice-daily brushing, between-treatment analyses showed the test dentifrice to be significantly better at relieving subjects' sensitivity across all measures (Schiff p = 0.0102, tactile p = 0.0493, and VAS p = 0.0067) than the control dentifrice.
The 8% strontium acetate, 1040 ppm fluoride dentifrice provided significant within-treatment reductions in dentin hypersensitivity for all measures at both time points (immediate and three-day brushing). Compared to the control dentifrice, significant between-treatment reductions in sensitivity were observed after a single dab-on application for all measures, and following the additional twice-daily brushing for three days in favor of the 8% strontium acetate, 1040 ppm fluoride dentifrice.
The Journal of clinical dentistry 01/2010; 21(2):42-8.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity of an 8% strontium acetate, 1040 ppm sodium fluoride dentifrice to a marketed control 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice after twice-daily brushing for two, four, and eight weeks.
This was a randomized, examiner-blind, two-arm parallel group, eight-week longitudinal clinical study with seventy-nine subjects, stratified based on baseline tooth sensitivity (Schiff score, Yeaple). Subjects brushed with either an 8% strontium acetate-based dentifrice or a marketed 8% arginine calcium carbonate dentifrice twice daily for approximately one minute. At screening, baseline, weeks two, four, and eight, subjects' tooth sensitivity was determined through both evaporative (Schiff and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) and tactile stimuli (Yeaple probe). Subject assessments using each stimulus were performed by the same examiner throughout the study.
Seventy-seven subjects completed this clinical study. Both subject groups exhibited significant cumulative reductions from baseline to Days 14, 28, and 56 in dentin hypersensitivity as measured by Schiff, Yeaple, and VAS (for the 8% strontium acetate group, p < or = 0.0001 for all time points; for the 8% arginine calcium carbonate group, p = 0.0031 for Yeaple at Day 14, p = 0.0015 for VAS at Day 14, and p < 0.0001 for all remaining measures and time points). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for any of the time points and measures except for tactile sensitivity at Day 56, for which the 8% strontium acetate-based dentifrice was statistically superior (p = 0.0391) to the control 8% arginine calcium carbonate dentifrice.
The 8% strontium acetate, 1040 ppm sodium fluoride dentifrice provided significant reductions in dentin hypersensitivity (p < 0.0001) after two, four, and eight weeks of product use. Comparisons to a control 8% arginine calcium carbonate dentifrice showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) apart from tactile (Yeaple) sensitivity at week 8, where the 8% strontium acetate-based dentifrice showed significant improvement over the control (p = 0.0391).
The Journal of clinical dentistry 01/2010; 21(2):49-55.
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ABSTRACT: To assess the extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a new sensitivity dentifrice containing sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) to marketed whitening toothpastes after six weeks of product use.
This was a single-center, double-blind, stratified, six-week clinical study comparing the reduction in stain area and intensity of Sensodyne Extra Whitening to Crest Maximum Strength Sensitivity Protection Whitening plus Scope and Colgate Tartar Control Plus Whitening Mint dentifrice, as measured by MacPherson's Modification of the Lobene Stain Index (MMLSI) in a forced stain model.
Two-hundred and ninety-five subjects completed the study. Tooth stain MMSLI scores showed significant differences between Sensodyne and Crest dentifrices in favor of Sensodyne for all surface sites (p = 0.014), and individually for facial (p = 0.023), lingual (p = 0.027), and interproximal (p = 0.014) surfaces. No significant statistical differences between Sensodyne and Colgate dentifrices were observed for any of the surfaces.
Results from this stain removal clinical study demonstrate significant extrinsic stain removal efficacy for all dentifrices relative to baseline. Significant differences between the two marketed sensitivity whitening dentifrices were demonstrated in favor of the new Sensodyne Sensitivity Whitening dentifrice.
The Journal of clinical dentistry 01/2009; 20(7):218-22.
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ABSTRACT: There have been many recent articles and reviews covering the effectiveness of dentifrices for the treatment and relief of dentin sensitivity. To date, there are no articles which fully examine all the compromises that a dentifrice formulator and manufacturer have to make when developing an effective dentifrice technology in the context of theoretical approaches and proposed modes of action. This article provides a first review and discussion of the currently available technologies, nerve depolarization and occluding agents. The generalized formulation strategies and approaches of dentifrices containing these agents are discussed, demonstrating that simplified conclusions with regard to efficacy should be drawn with caution.
The Journal of clinical dentistry 01/2009; 20(5):167-73.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the abrasive effects of three marketed anti-sensitivity, and one marketed regular dentifrice on dentin, using an erosion-abrasion in vitro model.
Standardized human dentin specimens were prepared and exposed to cycles of erosion, remineralization, and tooth brushing, utilizing the four commercially available dentifrices. Dentin surface loss was then measured by optical profilometry after a total of nine complete cycles. The RDA and pH values of the dentifrices were also measured to assist in the interpretation of results.
Profilometry showed significantly greater dentin surface loss for both Colgate Sensitive Fresh Stripe and Colgate Sensitive Multi Protection when compared with Sensodyne Total Protection or Crest Cavity Protection dentifrices. The abrasive level of dentifrices correlated positively (r-squared = 0.66; p < 0.05) with dentin surface loss.
This study demonstrated that the abrasivity of dentifrices can have a significant effect on the wear of eroded dentin in vitro.
The Journal of clinical dentistry 01/2008; 19(4):143-6.
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents data from a cross-sectional survey of 3014 adult carers, examining use of the Internet and factors associated with it. Carers recruited from the databases of three local authorities and other carer organisations within their geographical boundaries and that of Carers UK, a national carers organisation, were sent a postal questionnaire (response rate: 40%). A comparison of our data with national data on carers suggests some under-representation of men and younger adult carers and some over-representation of those who had been caring for long periods and those with substantial caring responsibilities. Two measures of Internet use were used and are presented in this analysis: previous use (ever used vs never previously used) and frequency (less than once a week vs once a week or more). Bivariate analyses identified patterns of Internet use and socio-demographic and socio-economic factors and caring circumstances associated with them. Factors significantly associated with each measure of Internet use were entered into direct logistic regression analyses to identify factors significantly associated with each measure. Half (50%) of all carers had previously used the Internet. Of this group, 61% had used it once a week or more frequently. Factors significantly associated with having previously used the Internet were carer's age, employment status, housing tenure and number of hours per week they spent caring. Frequency of Internet use was significantly associated with carer's age, sex, employment status and number of hours spent caring. Our study suggests that a significant number of carers may not currently be Internet users and that age, gender, socio-economic status and caring responsibilities shape Internet use in particular ways. Given the targets set by government for the development of online services, it is important to address the digital divide among carers and to continue to develop other services and information systems to meet the needs of those who do not access the Internet.
Health & Social Care in the Community 06/2005; 13(3):201-10. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Continuing professional development for healthcare professionals aims to improve care given to patients. The aims are to maintain knowledge and skills, improve existing competencies and learn new competencies. The Warwick Diabetes Care course, which leads to the University of Warwick Certificate in Diabetes Care (CIDC) provides healthcare professionals of all disciplines with the practical knowledge and skills needed to provide a highquality service for people with diabetes. A model for cascading the delivery of this course at local centres throughout the UK was developed (Distance Delivery). Its evaluation is presented in this paper. Twenty-four course leaders gave 26 Distance Delivered CIDC courses with 494 students. Over the same period, teaching fellows of Warwick Diabetes Care delivered 12 CIDC courses with 337 students. CIDC students completed questionnaires at the start and end (nine months later) of their course. The students' mean knowledge scores increased significantly on all courses. A mean of four changes in practice for each student made, or planned, were reported. The increase in knowledge scores and number of changes were the same for Distance Delivered courses and those delivered by Warwick Diabetes Care. The course leaders were trained at the University of Warwick to deliver the CIDC course in their own locality and they completed questionnaires before training, after training and after delivery of the CIDC in their locality. Results showed they increased in confidence in their ability to deliver the course over the period of the training course, and the increase continued after delivery of their courses. The training had been beneficial in preparing them to deliver their courses and their courses had mostly met the stated aims. The delivery of the CIDC course was thought to have had a beneficial effect on local diabetes care. The evidence presented here shows that the Distance Delivered model is an effective method to educate the community of healthcare professionals in diabetes care who are geographically dispersed. This model of professional development has potential to deliver widely distributed, locally available, academically validated and supported education. This model may be suitable for meeting the demand to improve care for people living with diabetes both in the UK and elsewhere.
10/2004; 15(4):596-605. · 1.07 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To design, from first principles, a valid and reliable scale for assessing the importance of specific items of information needed by patients with prostate cancer that would be straightforward to use in clinical settings, as despite its prevalence, there is little research focusing specifically on the information needs associated with prostate cancer.
Several stages of consultation and modification were used to inform the development of a scale which was then piloted on 96 patients with prostate cancer. Respondents were asked to rate the importance they placed on a range of prostate cancer-related topics of information, and the extent to which they felt these information needs had been met. The construct and content validity of the instrument were established and an exploratory factor analysis used to guide restructuring of the tool. Internal consistency/reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha.
Using the scale showed that men with prostate cancer placed considerable importance on a broad range of information needs, most of which had been inadequately met. Age had a significant influence on the overall importance attributed to information, with younger patients having more need for information. The construct and content validity of the instrument were established. The factor analysis revealed four discrete factors which together explained > 68% of the variance, termed 'basics of prostate cancer care', 'disease management', 'physical well-being' and 'self-help'. Internal consistency/reliability was satisfactory (alpha = 0.91).
The basis of a tool capable of ascertaining the information needs of patients with prostate cancer was developed; it may offer clinicians a valid means of ascertaining information preferences and hence potentially enhance the quality of service provided. Further research is now required to refine the tool and test the effect of its longitudinal use in clinical practice on patient satisfaction and outcome.
BJU International 07/2004; 94(1):63-9. · 2.84 Impact Factor
