Kye-Sung Lee

Publications (23)35.04 Total impact

• Source

  Available from: Jannick P Rolland

  Article: Optical Coherence Tomography Enabling Non Destructive Metrology of Layered Polymeric GRIN Material.

  Panomsak Meemon, Jianing Yao, Kye-Sung Lee, Kevin P Thompson, Michael Ponting, Eric Baer, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: Gradient Refractive INdex (GRIN) optical components have historically fallen short of theoretical expectations. A recent breakthrough is the manufacturing of nanolayered spherical GRIN (S-GRIN) polymer optical elements, where the construction method yields refractive index gradients that exceed 0.08. Here we report on the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT), including micron-class axial and lateral resolution advances, as effective, innovative methods for performing nondestructive diagnostic metrology on S-GRIN. We show that OCT can be used to visualize and quantify characteristics of the material throughout the manufacturing process. Specifically, internal film structure may be revealed and data are processed to extract sub-surface profiles of each internal film of the material to quantify 3D film thickness and homogeneity. The technique provides direct feedback into the fabrication process directed at optimizing the quality of the nanolayered S-GRIN polymer optical components.
  Scientific Reports 04/2013; 3:1709.
• Article: Three-dimensional imaging of normal skin and nonmelanoma skin cancer with cellular resolution using Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy.

  Kye-Sung Lee, Huimin Zhao, Sherrif F Ibrahim, Natthani Meemon, Laura Khoudeir, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: We investigate morphological differences in three-dimensional (3-D) images with cellular resolution between nonmelanoma skin cancer and normal skin using Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy. As a result, we show for the first time cellular optical coherence images of 3-D features differentiating cancerous skin from normal skin. In addition, in vivo volumetric images of normal skin from different anatomic locations are shown and compared.
  Journal of Biomedical Optics 12/2012; 17(12):126006. · 3.16 Impact Factor
• Article: Observation of the Gouy phase anomaly in astigmatic beams.

  Jannick P Rolland, Kevin P Thompson, Kye-Sung Lee, John Tamkin, Tobias Schmid, Emil Wolf
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  ABSTRACT: The Gouy phase anomaly, well established for stigmatic beams, is validated here for astigmatic beams. We simulate the predicted Gouy phase anomaly near astigmatic foci using a beam propagation algorithm integrated within lens design software. We then compare computational results with experimental data acquired using a modified Mertz-Sagnac interferometer. Both in simulation and in experiment, results show that a π/2-phase change occurs as the beam passes through each of the astigmatic foci, experimentally validating results derived in a recent paper by Visser and Wolf [Opt. Commun. 283, 3371-3375 (2010)].
  Applied Optics 05/2012; 51(15):2902-8. · 1.41 Impact Factor
• Article: Broadband Fourier-domain mode-locked lasers

  Kevin Hsu, Panomsak Meemon, Kye-Sung Lee, Peter J. Delfyett, Jannick P. Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: Broadband, high-speed wavelength-swept lasers can substantially enhance applications in optical coherence tomography, chemical spectroscopy, and fiber-optic sensing. We report the demonstration of Fourier-domain mode-lock lasers operating at about 90 kHz effective sweep rate over a 158 nm sweep range using a single-band design and over a 284 nm sweep range across the 1.3 μm to 1.5 μm wavelength spectrum using a unique broadband design. A novel dual-detection full-range Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system is developed which provides 7 μm axial resolution (in air) at about 90 kHz axial scan rate for mirror-image resolved Doppler imaging in a human finger and an African frog tadpole. KeywordsFourier-domain mode-locked laser–swept laser–tunable laser
  04/2012; 1(3):222-227.
• Article: Virtual skin biopsy with Gabor Domain optical coherence microscopy.

  Jannick P Rolland, Kye-Sung Lee, Laura Khoudeir, Panomsak Meemon, Kevin P Thompson, Jinxin Huang, Jianing Yao, Sherrif F Ibrahim
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  ABSTRACT: We report in-vivo volumetric optical coherence microscopy images of the skin, with resolution at the cellular level. With resolution of 2 μm both laterally and axially, structures below the skin as deep as 1 mm may be imaged at various anatomic locations. Custom optical instrumentation was designed, built, and integrated to achieve this unprecedented optical imaging resolution, in three dimensions, at clinically feasible configuration and speed.
  Studies in health technology and informatics 01/2012; 173:398-404.
• Source

  Available from: Jannick P Rolland

  Article: Micrometer axial resolution OCT for corneal imaging.

  Rahul Yadav, Kye-Sung Lee, Jannick P Rolland, James M Zavislan, James V Aquavella, Geunyoung Yoon
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  ABSTRACT: An optical coherence tomography (OCT) for high axial resolution corneal imaging is presented. The system uses 375 nm bandwidth (625 to 1000 nm) from a broadband supercontinuum light source. The system was developed in free space to minimize image quality degradation due to dispersion. A custom-designed spectrometer based on a Czerny Turner configuration was implemented to achieve an imaging depth of 1 mm. Experimentally measured axial resolution was 1.1 μm in corneal tissue and had a good agreement with the theoretically calculated resolution from the envelope of the spectral interference fringes. In vivo imaging was carried out and thin corneal layers such as the tear film and the Bowman's layer were quantified in normal, keratoconus, and contact lens wearing eyes, indicating the system's suitability for several ophthalmic applications.
  Biomedical Optics Express 11/2011; 2(11):3037-46. · 2.33 Impact Factor
• Article: Experimental investigations of the scanning functions of galvanometer-based scanners with applications in OCT.

  Virgil-Florin Duma, Kye-sung Lee, Panomsak Meemon, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: We analyze the three most common profiles of scanning functions for galvanometer-based scanners (GSs): the sawtooth, triangular and sinusoidal functions. They are determined experimentally with regard to the scan parameters of the input signal (i.e., frequency and amplitude). We study the differences of the output function of the GS measured as the positional error of the oscillatory mirror from the ideal function given by the input signal of the device. The limits in achieving the different types of scanning functions in terms of duty cycle and linearity are determined experimentally for the possible range of scan parameters. Of particular importance are the preservation of an imposed duty cycle and profile for the sawtooth function, the quantification of the linearity for the sinusoidal function, and the effective duty cycle for the triangular, as well as for the other functions. The range of scan amplitudes for which the stability of the oscillatory regime of the galvo mirror is stable for different frequencies is also highlighted. While the use of the device in certain scanning regimes is studied, certain rules of thumb are deduced to make the best out of the galvoscanner. Finally, the three types of scanning functions are tested with a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD OCT) setup and the conclusions of the study are demonstrated in an imaging application by correlating the determined limits of the scanning regimes with the requirements of OCT.
  Applied Optics 10/2011; 50(29):5735-49. · 1.41 Impact Factor
• Article: Nondestructive 3-D imaging of femtosecond laser written volumetric structures using optical coherence microscopy

  Jiyeon Choi, Kye-Sung Lee, Jannick P. Rolland, Troy Anderson, Martin C. Richardson
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  ABSTRACT: Nondestructive three-dimensional imaging of femtosecond laser-written buried structures is demonstrated using optical coherence microscopy providing lateral and depth resolution on a micron scale. This high speed technique, which requires no sample preparation, enables the visualization of volumetric structural modification created deep in transparent dielectric medium with high signal/noise contrast. Images of buried void structures with dimensions as large as 190μm in length were obtained without shadowing effects impugning the image fidelity.
  Applied Physics A 07/2011; 104(1):289-294. · 1.63 Impact Factor
• Article: Cellular resolution optical coherence microscopy with high acquisition speed for in-vivo human skin volumetric imaging.

  Kye-Sung Lee, Kevin P Thompson, Panomsak Meemon, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: In this Letter, we report for the first time (to our knowledge) in-vivo volumetric optical coherence microscopy images of skin epidermal cells. We achieved micrometer-class resolution, 2 μm laterally and axially, with an acquisition speed of 23 K A-scans/s and over 90 dB sensitivity to a depth of 1 mm by employing a custom, liquid-lens-based, dynamic-focusing objective, a broadband light source, and a custom, astigmatism-corrected Czerny-Turner spectrometer with a high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera.
  Optics Letters 06/2011; 36(12):2221-3. · 3.40 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Jannick P Rolland

  Article: Broadband astigmatism-corrected Czerny-Turner spectrometer.

  Kye-Sung Lee, Kevin P Thompson, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: We report an optical design for a low-cost optics, broadband, astigmatism-corrected practical spectrometer. An off-the-shelf cylindrical lens is used to remove astigmatism over the full bandwidth. Results show that better than 0.1 nm spectral resolution and more than 50% throughput were achieved over a bandwidth of 400 nm centered at 800 nm.
  Optics Express 10/2010; 18(22):23378-84. · 3.59 Impact Factor
• Article: Assessment of a liquid lens enabled in vivo optical coherence microscope.

  Supraja Murali, Panomsak Meemon, Kye-Sung Lee, William P Kuhn, Kevin P Thompson, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: The optical aberrations induced by imaging through skin can be predicted using formulas for Seidel aberrations of a plane-parallel plate. Knowledge of these aberrations helps to guide the choice of numerical aperture (NA) of the optics we can use in an implementation of Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy (GD-OCM), where the focus is the only aberration adjustment made through depth. On this basis, a custom-designed, liquid-lens enabled dynamic focusing optical coherence microscope operating at 0.2 NA is analyzed and validated experimentally. As part of the analysis, we show that the full width at half-maximum metric, as a characteristic descriptor for the point spread function, while commonly used, is not a useful metric for quantifying resolution in non-diffraction-limited systems. Modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements quantify that the liquid lens performance is as predicted by design, even when accounting for the effect of gravity. MTF measurements in a skinlike scattering medium also quantify the performance of the microscope in its potential applications. To guide the fusion of images across the various focus positions of the microscope, as required in GD-OCM, we present depth of focus measurements that can be used to determine the effective number of focusing zones required for a given goal resolution. Subcellular resolution in an onion sample, and high-definition in vivo imaging in human skin are demonstrated with the custom-designed and built microscope.
  Applied Optics 06/2010; 49(16):D145-56. · 1.41 Impact Factor
• Article: Dual detection full range frequency domain optical coherence tomography.

  Kye-Sung Lee, Panomsak Meemon, William Dallas, Kevin Hsu, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: It has been shown that frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) systems achieve higher sensitivities compared to time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. However, the obscure object structure due to the mirror image generated by the Fourier transform is one of the remaining issues in the FD-OCT. We designed and developed what we believe to be a novel full range FD-OCT system that we refer to as the dual detection full range frequency domain optical coherence tomography (DD-FDOCT) that enables the instantaneous retrieval of quadrature components of the complex interferometric signal. The DD-FDOCT system enables full range imaging without loss of speed, and it may be less sensitive to phase error generated by involuntary movements of the subject compared to the other established full range OCT systems, because it uses two signals with a phase difference of pi/2 obtained simultaneously from two detection arms to remove mirror images at all depths.
  Optics Letters 04/2010; 35(7):1058-60. · 3.40 Impact Factor
• Article: Gabor-based fusion technique for Optical Coherence Microscopy.

  Jannick P Rolland, Panomsak Meemon, Supraja Murali, Kevin P Thompson, Kye-sung Lee
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  ABSTRACT: We recently reported on an Optical Coherence Microscopy technique, whose innovation intrinsically builds on a recently reported - 2 microm invariant lateral resolution by design throughout a 2 mm cubic full-field of view - liquid-lens-based dynamic focusing optical probe [Murali et al., Optics Letters 34, 145-147, 2009]. We shall report in this paper on the image acquisition enabled by this optical probe when combined with an automatic data fusion method developed and described here to produce an in-focus high resolution image throughout the imaging depth of the sample. An African frog tadpole (Xenopus laevis) was imaged with the novel probe and the Gabor-based fusion technique, demonstrating subcellular resolution in a 0.5 mm (lateral) x 0.5 mm (axial) without the need, for the first time, for x-y translation stages, depth scanning, high-cost adaptive optics, or manual intervention. In vivo images of human skin are also presented.
  Optics Express 02/2010; 18(4):3632-42. · 3.59 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Jannick P Rolland

  Article: Doppler imaging with dual-detection full-range frequency domain optical coherence tomography.

  Panomsak Meemon, Kye-Sung Lee, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: Most of full-range techniques for Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) reported to date utilize the phase relation between consecutive axial lines to reconstruct a complex interference signal and hence may exhibit degradation in either mirror image suppression performance or detectable velocity dynamic range or both when monitoring a moving sample such as flow activity. We have previously reported a technique of mirror image removal by simultaneous detection of the quadrature components of a complex spectral interference called a Dual-Detection Frequency Domain OCT (DD-FD-OCT) [Opt. Lett. 35, 1058-1060 (2010)]. The technique enables full range imaging without any loss of acquisition speed and is intrinsically less sensitive to phase errors generated by involuntary movements of the subject. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of the DD-FD-OCT to a phase-resolved Doppler imaging without degradation in either mirror image suppression performance or detectable velocity dynamic range that were observed in other full-range Doppler methods. In order to accommodate for Doppler imaging, we have developed a fiber-based DD-FD-OCT that more efficiently utilizes the source power compared with the previous free-space DD-FD-OCT. In addition, the velocity sensitivity of the phase-resolved DD-FD-OCT was investigated, and the relation between the measured Doppler phase shift and set flow velocity of a flow phantom was verified. Finally, we demonstrate the Doppler imaging using the DD-FD-OCT in a biological sample.
  Biomedical Optics Express 01/2010; 1(2):537-552. · 2.33 Impact Factor
• Chapter: A Physics-Based Modeling and Real-Time Simulation of Biomechanical Diffusion Process Through Optical Imaged Alveolar Tissues on Graphical Processing Units

  Ilhan Kaya, Anand P. Santhanam, Kye-sung Lee, Panomsak Meemon, Nicolene Papp, Jannick P. Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: Tissue engineering has broad applications from creating the much-needed engineered tissue and organ structures for regenerative medicine to providing in vitro testbeds for drug testing. In the latter, application domain, creating alveolar lung tissue, and simulating the diffusion process of oxygen and other possible agents from the air into the blood stream as well as modeling the removal of carbon dioxide and other possible entities from the blood stream are of critical importance to simulating lung functions in various environments. In this chapter, we propose a physics-based model to simulate the alveolar gas exchange and the alveolar diffusion process. Tissue engineers, for the first time, may utilize these simulation results to better understand the underlying gas exchange process and properly adjust the tissue growing cycles. In this work, alveolar tissues are imaged by means of an optical coherence microscopy (OCM ) system developed in our laboratory. As a consequence, 3D alveoli tissue data with its inherent complex boundary is taken as input to the simulation system, which is based on computational fluid mechanics in simulating the alveolar gas exchange. The visualization and the simulation of diffusion of the air into the blood through the alveoli tissue is performed using a state-of-art graphics processing unit (GPU). Results show the real-time simulation of the gas exchange through the 2D alveoli tissue.
  12/2008: pages 149-162;
• Article: Determination of the coherency matrix of a broadband stochastic electromagnetic light beam

  Panomsak Meemon, Mohamed Salem, Kye-Sung Lee, Maryam Chopra, Jannick P. Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: The statistical ensemble of a fluctuating, statistically-stationary electromagnetic light beam is presented in terms of a 2 × 2 matrix, so-called coherency matrix. The method to determine such matrix for a quasi-monochromatic light beam has been proposed for many years. In this paper, we demonstrate that the method needs to be only slightly modified to determine the matrix elements of a broadband stochastic electromagnetic light beam, if one uses the representation of statistical wave fields in the space–frequency domain. The implementation of the method is demonstrated, and the coherency matrix measurement is validated using a well-defined elliptically polarized beam.
  Journal of Modern Optics 10/2008; 55(17):2765-2776. · 1.17 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Jannick P Rolland

  Article: Bessel beam spectral-domain high-resolution optical coherence tomography with micro-optic axicon providing extended focusing range.

  Kye-Sung Lee, Jannick P Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: Endoscopic imaging in tubular structures, such as the tracheobronchial tree, could benefit from imaging optics with an extended depth of focus (DOF) to accommodate the varying sizes of tubular structures across patients and along the tree within the same patient. Yet the extended DOF needs to be accomplished without sacrificing resolution while maintaining sufficient sensitivity and speed of imaging. In this Letter, we report on the measured resolution and sensitivity achieved with a custom-made micro-optic axicon lens designed to theoretically achieve an 8 mm DOF. A measured invariant resolution of approximately 8 microm is demonstrated across a 4 mm measured DOF using the micro-optic axicon while achieving an invariant sensitivity of approximately 80 dB with a 25 mW input power. Double-pass Bessel beam spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with an axicon micro-optic lens (i.e., <1 mm in diameter) is, for the first time to our knowledge, demonstrated in a biological sample demonstrating invariant resolution and signal-to-noise ratio across a 4 mm measured DOF, which is compared to Gaussian beam imaging.
  Optics Letters 08/2008; 33(15):1696-8. · 3.40 Impact Factor
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  Available from: Jannick P Rolland

  Article: Optical design of a dynamic focus catheter for high-resolution endoscopic optical coherence tomography.

  Panomsak Meemon, Kye-Sung Lee, Supraja Murali, Jannick Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: The optical system design of a dynamic focus endoscopic probe for optical coherence tomography is reported. The dynamic focus capability is based on a liquid lens technology that provides variable focus by changing its curvatures in response to an electric field variation. The effects of a cylindrical exit window present, in practice, for a catheter were accounted for. Degradation in image quality caused by this window was corrected to get diffraction limited imaging performance. As a result, the dynamically focusing catheter with a lateral resolution ranging from 4 to 6 mum through an approximately 5 mm imaging distance was designed without mechanically refocusing the system.
  Applied Optics 06/2008; 47(13):2452-7. · 1.41 Impact Factor
• Article: Collaborative engineering: 3-D optical imaging and gas exchange simulation of in-vitro alveolar constructs.

  Jannick P Rolland, Kye-Sung Lee, Ayesha Mahmood, Lisa Fluck, Jaime Duarte, Ilhan Kaya, Anand Santhanam, Panomsak Meemon, Supraja Murali, Olusegun Ilegbusi, Patrick Kupelian, William L Warren, Peter Molnar, James Hickman, Papachan Kolattukudy
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  ABSTRACT: This paper reports on the computational simulation and modeling of an in vitro alveolar construct system along the optical coherence microscopy (OCM) methods for visualizing engineered tissue. The optical imaging methods will be compared to immunohistochemical light microscopy samples of engineered alveolar constructs. Results show depth images of the alveolar tissue construct for a bilayer construct, as well as predictions of the gas exchange process in a simple model of a bio-reactor hosting the construct.
  Studies in health technology and informatics 02/2008; 132:426-32.
• Conference Proceeding: Dynamic focus catheter design for endoscopic optical coherence tomography

  P. Meemon, S. Murali, Kye-Sung Lee, J. Rolland
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  ABSTRACT: To maintain high lateral resolution throughout depth scanning, a dynamically focusing catheter with a lateral resolution < 10 mum and a depth scanning range > 4 mm was designed without a mechanically re-focusing system.
  Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2007. LEOS 2007. The 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE; 11/2007