Publications (271)512.9 Total impact
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Article: Intramuscular inoculation of cattle with Sarcocystis antigen results in focal eosinophilic myositis.
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ABSTRACT: Bovine eosinophilic myositis (BEM) is a subclinical myopathy characterized by multifocal white to grey-green discolorations in skeletal muscles, heart, tongue and oesophagus. These lesions are found at slaughter or during meat cutting and result in considerable economic losses. The etiology and pathogenesis are unclear, although it has been suggested, that Sarcocystis species are involved. To elucidate their role, two calves were repeatedly injected intramuscularly with adjuvanted Sarcocystis antigen. The morphological changes at the injection sites in these calves were histologically and immunohistochemically compared to spontaneous lesions from 44 BEM condemned carcasses sampled in slaughterhouses. Experimental intramuscular injection of Sarcocystis antigen resulted in lesions at the injection sites that were similar to the lesions of natural cases of BEM. They were characterized by massive infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes, reactive macrophages (MAC387(+) cells), T-cells (CD3(+)) and B-cells (CD20(+)). Both in the experimental and in the natural cases, COX-2 expression was present in endothelial cells adjacent to lesional areas. MHC class II(+) staining was found amongst others in muscle cells surrounding the lesion. These results show that Sarcocystis antigens can induce an inflammatory response in bovine muscle having the characteristics of natural BEM.Veterinary Parasitology 07/2011; 183(3-4):224-30. · 2.58 Impact Factor -
Article: Horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in groups of experimentally infected laying hens housed in different housing systems.
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ABSTRACT: Concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens have led to the ban of conventional battery cages in Europe from 2012 onward and to the development of alternative housing systems that allow hens to perform a broader range of natural behaviors. Limited information is available about the consequences of alternative housing systems on transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis. However, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis continues to be one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne disease worldwide and this is mainly attributed to the consumption of contaminated eggs. A transmission experiment was performed to quantify the effect of the housing system on the spread of a Salmonella Enteritidis infection within a group of layers and on internal egg contamination. At the age of 16 wk, 126 birds housed on the floor were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. Three weeks later, the inoculated hens were housed together with equal numbers of susceptible contact animals in 4 different housing systems: a conventional cage system, a furnished cage, an aviary, and a floor system. Transmission and egg contamination were followed during a 4-wk period. A trend toward increased bird-to-bird transmission was detected in the aviary and floor system compared with the cage systems. Also, significantly more contaminated eggs were found in the aviary compared with the cage systems and the floor system. These results suggest that there is a clear need to optimize and maintain Salmonella surveillance programs when laying hens will be moved from conventional cage systems to alternative housing systems.Poultry Science 07/2011; 90(7):1391-6. · 1.73 Impact Factor -
Article: Salmonella Enteritidis universal stress protein (usp) gene expression is stimulated by egg white and supports oviduct colonization and egg contamination in laying hens.
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ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis has caused a worldwide egg-associated pandemic since the mid 1980s. The exact mechanisms causing this egg tropism are still largely unknown, and only a few Salmonella genes have been implicated in the interaction with the oviduct or eggs. A in vivo expression technology screening performed previously, identified the uspA and uspB genes as being highly expressed in the chicken oviduct and in eggs. Here, we demonstrate that uspA and uspB gene expression is indeed induced after contact with egg white. Intra-oviduct inoculation of Salmonella Enteritidis uspB and uspBA mutant strains showed that the mutants had a decreased ability to colonize the magnum and isthmus of the oviduct, the organs that produce the egg white and eggshell membranes, respectively, at 7 days post-inoculation. Intravenous challenge showed that a Salmonella Enteritidis uspBA mutant strain had a decreased ability to contaminate eggs. Analogous to the function of universal stress proteins A and B in other bacterial species, we hypothesize that the Salmonella uspA and uspB genes are involved in long term persistence of Salmonella Enteritidis in harmful environments, such as in the oviduct and eggs, by conferring resistance against compounds that damage the bacterial cell membrane and DNA.Veterinary Microbiology 06/2011; 153(1-2):186-90. · 3.33 Impact Factor -
Article: Morphometric evaluation of "dysbacteriosis" in broilers.
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ABSTRACT: In consequence of the withdrawal of products that assisted animal production, such as antimicrobial growth promoters, once-controlled enteric diseases have returned and new multifactorial diseases causing gut disorders of unknown origin have emerged in broilers. One of these widespread syndromes causing intestinal health problems in broilers is in the field referred to as "dysbacteriosis". During the present study, the histopathology of the intestinal tract of broilers affected with dysbacteriosis was analysed. Commercial broilers were given a macroscopic dysbacteriosis score by experienced veterinarians during necropsy. Samples from the duodenum and caecum were taken from each broiler for histopathological analysis. An increase in the macroscopic dysbacteriosis score coincided with increased villus atrophy, a decrease in the thickness of the tunica muscularis and an increase in T-lymphocyte infiltration in the gut mucosa. Also more and larger goblet cells were observed in the animals with high macroscopic dysbacteriosis scores. Although the exact aetiology still remains to be identified, dysbacteriosis in broiler chickens thus coincides with an inflammatory reaction in the gut mucosa.Avian Pathology 04/2011; 40(2):139-44. · 1.71 Impact Factor -
Article: Developing a safe antifungal treatment protocol to eliminate Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis from amphibians.
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ABSTRACT: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is one of the most pathogenic microorganisms affecting amphibians in both captivity and in nature. The establishment of B. dendrobatidis free, stable, amphibian captive breeding colonies is one of the emergency measures that is being taken to save threatened amphibian species from extinction. For this purpose, in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and the development of efficient and safe treatment protocols are required. In this study, we evaluated the use of amphotericin B and voriconazole to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians. The concentration at which the growth of five tested B. dendrobatidis strains was inhibited was 0.8 μg/ml for amphotericin B and 0.0125 μg/ml for voriconazole. To completely eliminate a mixture of sporangia and zoospores of strain IA042 required 48 h of exposure to 8 μg/ml of amphotericin B or 10 days to 1.25 μg/ml of voriconazole. Zoospores were killed within 0.5 h by 0.8 μg/ml of amphotericin B, but even after 24 h exposure to 1.25 μg/ml of voriconazole they remained viable. Amphotericin B was acutely toxic for Alytes muletensis tadpoles at 8 μg/ml, whereas toxic side effects were not noticed during a seven-day exposure to voriconazole at concentrations as high as 12.5 μg/ml. The voriconazole concentrations remained stable in water during this exposure period. On the basis of this data, experimentally inoculated postmetamorphic Alytes cisternasii were sprayed once daily for 7 days with a 1.25 μg/ml solution of voriconazole in water which eliminated the B. dendrobatidis infection from all treated animals. Finally, treatment of a naturally infected colony of poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae) using this protocol, combined with environmental disinfection, cleared the infection from the colony.Medical mycology: official publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology 02/2011; 49(2):143-9. · 2.13 Impact Factor -
Article: The effect of starch gelatinisation degree on intestinal morphology, intestinal pH and bacteriology in pigeons.
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ABSTRACT: The effect of starch gelatinisation degree in extruded feed on intestinal morphology, intestinal pH and faecal bacteriology was investigated in pigeons. Extruded complete pigeon diets would offer the principle advantage of providing equilibrated nutrients and energy, but factors such as starch gelatinisation require investigation before these diets are offered as main dietary items to pigeons. Birds were fed two diets with equal ingredient composition and nutrient content, but with a different degree of starch gelatinisation resulting from altered extrusion processing (high gelatinisation degree (HG) with 73.6% gelatinisation vs. low gelatinisation degree (LG) with 53.1% gelatinisation). Feed intake and weight gain changes were measured weekly. Blood samples were collected at day 28 and analysed for non-esterified fatty acids, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose. The pH values for fresh excreta were measured; thereafter fresh excreta were collected and cultured for measurement of colony-forming units for bacterial classes. At the end, morphological measurements were examined and the pH values throughout the gastrointestinal tract were recorded. Liver, pancreas and abdominal fat were weighed. There was a tendency (p= 0.07) towards higher numbers of Escherichia coli in the excreta of the LG group compared with those in the HG group. No dietary treatment effects were noted on the number of Lactobacillus sp. in the excreta. In proximal parts of the intestine, LG revealed a significantly lower pH than HG. Villus height and crypt depth were not affected by dietary treatment, but the duodenum muscularis thickness, liver weight and pancreas weight were significantly lower in the LG than that in HG group. This trial demonstrated that the lower level of starch gelatinisation degree of extruded feed leads to acidification of the proximal gut and altered gut morphology in pigeons. Hence, extruded pigeon diets should preferably contain low-gelatinised starch instead of high-gelatinised starch. In addition, future research must focus on the effects of starch gelatinisation on the correlation between the intestinal pH, microflora content and intestinal morphology.J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 02/2011; 95(1):34-9. · 0.86 Impact Factor -
Article: Expression of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal epithelium of dogs with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis.
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ABSTRACT: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the stomach, the small intestine and/or the large intestine. Loss of integrity of the intestinal barrier may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. In dogs, lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is one of the recognized forms of IBD. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane-bound efflux pump constituting an important component of the intestinal barrier. Changes in P-gp expression at the level of the intestinal barrier may be important in the pathogenesis of canine LPE, as this may lead to variable protection against xenobiotics and bacterial products in the intestine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of epithelial P-gp in the intestine in dogs with LPE compared with disease-free animals. Formalin-fixed intestinal biopsy samples from 57 dogs with histopathological evidence of LPE were immunolabelled with anti-P-gp antibodies (C494 and C219). Endoscopic biopsy samples of the duodenum and colon from 16 healthy beagles were used as controls. None of the control dogs had P-gp expression in the apical membrane of duodenal enterocytes, but all had P-gp labelling at the colonic epithelial surface. Twenty out of 57 dogs with LPE had P-gp expression at the apical surface membrane of villus epithelial cells in the duodenum, jejunum and/or ileum. Six out of 16 colonic samples from dogs with LPE had decreased P-gp expression at the epithelial surface compared with controls. It is unclear whether these changes in P-gp expression in dogs with LPE are a cause or a consequence of the inflammation. The observed changes could affect bioavailability of therapeutic drugs used in LPE.Journal of comparative pathology 02/2011; 145(2-3):199-206. · 1.73 Impact Factor -
Conference Proceeding: DETECTION OF ENTEROHEPATIC AND GASTRIC HELICOBACTER SPP. IN WILD CHIMPANZEES (PAN TROGLODYTES) AND WESTERN LOWLAND GORILLAS (GORILLA GORILLA)
24th International Workshop on Helicobacter and Related Bacteria in Chronic Digestive Inflammation and Gastric Cancer, Dublin, IRELAND; 01/2011 -
Article: Granulomatous meningoencephalitis associated with Sporobolomyces roseus in a dog.
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ABSTRACT: A German Shepherd Dog was evaluated for clinical signs of multifocal, progressive brain disease. Despite supportive care, the dog died shortly after hospital admission. Granulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal hyphae was diagnosed postmortem. The fungus was identified as Sporobolomyces roseus by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the ITS2 region.Veterinary Pathology 12/2010; 48(6):1158-60. · 1.95 Impact Factor -
Article: Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in housed laying-hen flocks in Europe.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the potential association between housing type and multiple drug resistance (MDR) in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from 283 laying-hen flocks. In each flock, a cloacal swab from four hens was collected and produced 1102 E. coli and 792 E. faecalis isolates. Broth microdilution was used to test susceptibility to antimicrobials. Country and housing type interacted differently with the MDR levels of both species. In the E. coli model, housing in a raised-floor system was associated with an increased risk of MDR compared to the conventional battery system [odds ratio (OR) 2·12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·13-3·97)]. In the E. faecalis model the MDR levels were lower in free-range systems than in conventional battery cages (OR 0·51, 95% CI 0·27-0·94). In Belgium, ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates were more numerous than in the other countries.Epidemiology and Infection 12/2010; 139(10):1610-20. · 2.84 Impact Factor -
Article: Isolation of a clonal population of Clostridium perfringens type A from a Belgian Blue calf with abomasal ulceration.
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ABSTRACT: A case of abomasal ulceration in a 3-month-old Belgian Blue calf is described. Microscopical examination revealed the ulcers to be demarcated by a band of neutrophilic inflammation that separated underlying healthy tissue from the superficial fibrinous necrotic material in which bacteria were present. Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated from multiple ulcers and from the intestinal contents of the animal and pulsed field gel electrophoresis confirmed that the isolates comprised a genetically clonal population.Journal of comparative pathology 11/2010; 143(4):289-93. · 1.73 Impact Factor -
Article: Oesophageal paresis associated with bluetongue virus serotype 8 in cattle.
The Veterinary record. 10/2010; 167(15):579-81. -
Article: From the gut to the peripheral tissues: the multiple effects of butyrate.
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ABSTRACT: Butyrate is a natural substance present in biological liquids and tissues. The present paper aims to give an update on the biological role of butyrate in mammals, when it is naturally produced by the gastrointestinal microbiota or orally ingested as a feed additive. Recent data concerning butyrate production delivery as well as absorption by the colonocytes are reported. Butyrate cannot be detected in the peripheral blood, which indicates fast metabolism in the gut wall and/or in the liver. In physiological conditions, the increase in performance in animals could be explained by the increased nutrient digestibility, the stimulation of the digestive enzyme secretions, a modification of intestinal luminal microbiota and an improvement of the epithelial integrity and defence systems. In the digestive tract, butyrate can act directly (upper gastrointestinal tract or hindgut) or indirectly (small intestine) on tissue development and repair. Direct trophic effects have been demonstrated mainly by cell proliferation studies, indicating a faster renewal of necrotic areas. Indirect actions of butyrate are believed to involve the hormono-neuro-immuno system. Butyrate has also been implicated in down-regulation of bacteria virulence, both by direct effects on virulence gene expression and by acting on cell proliferation of the host cells. In animal production, butyrate is a helpful feed additive, especially when ingested soon after birth, as it enhances performance and controls gut health disorders caused by bacterial pathogens. Such effects could be considered for new applications in human nutrition.Nutrition Research Reviews 10/2010; · 4.84 Impact Factor -
Article: Expression of multidrug resistance-associated P-glycoprotein in feline tumours.
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ABSTRACT: Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane-bound efflux pump that mediates the active transmembrane transport of a variety of substrates. Several studies in human and canine normal and neoplastic tissues indicate that P-gp is involved in resistance to chemotherapy and in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate P-gp expression with the monoclonal antibody C494 in common feline tumours from 88 patients not pretreated with chemotherapy. Tumours arising from tissues with intrinsic P-gp expression consistently showed positive labelling for P-gp in a cellular pattern identical to that described for the normal feline tissues. Both P-gp positive and negative tumour cells, however, were found in mammary gland tumours, lymphomas, mastocytomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Feline mammary gland tumours in particular showed strong membranous P-gp labelling, especially in areas with infiltrative growth and atypical cells, although this was not correlated with the grade of malignancy. These findings might have implications for future response to chemotherapy.Journal of comparative pathology 09/2010; 144(2-3):164-9. · 1.73 Impact Factor -
Article: Variable protection after vaccination of broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis using supernatants of different Clostridium perfringens strains.
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ABSTRACT: Necrotic enteritis is an economically important disease of chickens caused by Clostridium perfringens. Immunity to necrotic enteritis is not fully characterized yet, but previous reports indicate that immunoprotective potential is present in the secreted component of C. perfringens. This study aimed to compare the vaccine potential of the supernatants of eight chicken strains of C. perfringens differing in origin, level of alpha toxin production and presence of netB gene. The supernatant of only one strain provided full protection, while one other strain provided partial protection against a severe infection challenge. Our results indicate that the protective characteristics of the supernatants are not solely based on the presence of NetB or alpha toxin.Vaccine 08/2010; 28(36):5920-3. · 3.77 Impact Factor -
Article: Accumulation of advanced glycation end products in canine atherosclerosis.
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ABSTRACT: Atherosclerosis is an uncommon lesion in animals and particularly in dogs. Prominent atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries are described in three dogs. These comprised an expansion of the tunica media by the accumulation of foam cells and/or cholesterol crystals, with subsequent narrowing of the vascular lumen. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in foam cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. As in man, these findings suggest a possible role of AGEs in the development of canine atherosclerosis.Journal of comparative pathology 07/2010; 143(1):65-9. · 1.73 Impact Factor -
Article: Effects of different yeast cell wall supplements added to maize- or wheat-based diets for broiler chickens.
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ABSTRACT: 1. Three experiments were carried out to study the effects of two experimental yeast cell wall (YCW) supplements, one from the yeast extract industry and the other from the brewery industry, added to maize or wheat based-diets, on performance and intestinal parameters of broiler chickens (Ross 308). 2. In the first and second experiments, a completely randomised block design with 4 experimental treatments was used: T-1) Negative control, no additives T-2) Positive control, avilamycin group (10 mg/kg feed), T-3) Yeast extract-YCW (500 mg/kg), and T-4) Brewery-YCW (500 mg/kg feed). There were 6 replicates of 20 (experiment 1) and 22 (experiment 2) chicks per treatment. 3. In experiment 1 (wheat based diets), yeast extract-YCW increased BW and daily feed intake (42 d). The effects were comparable to those of avilamycin. In experiment 2 (maize based diet), avilamycin, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW treatments improved the feed conversion ratio with respect to the negative control group (0 to 14 d). 4. At 24 d, in both experiments, the ileal nutrient digestibility and ileal bacterial counts were not affected by any experimental treatment. In maize diets, lower intestinal viscosity was obtained with avilamycin, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW than with the negative control. In wheat diets, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW reduced intestinal viscosity. 5. A third experiment was conducted to study the effect of yeast extract-YCW on animal performance, intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal viscosity. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used; one factor was the dietary yeast extract-YCW supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg feed) and the other the cereal in the diet (maize or wheat). 6. At 43 d, the heaviest BW was in chickens fed on yeast extract-YCW compared to those given the negative control. At 22 d, yeast extract-YCW increased villus height, mucus thickness and number of goblet cells with respect to negative control. 7. Results of these experiments suggest that supplementation of yeast extract-YCW to broiler chicken diets increased animal performance by favouring intestinal mucosal development.British Poultry Science 06/2010; 51(3):399-408. · 1.00 Impact Factor -
Article: The age of production system and previous Salmonella infections on-farm are risk factors for low-level Salmonella infections in laying hen flocks.
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ABSTRACT: An explorative field study was carried out to determine risk factors for Salmonella infections in commercial laying hen flocks. For this purpose, 29 laying hen farms, including farms using conventional and alternative housing systems, were intensively sampled. An on-farm questionnaire was used to collect information on general management practices and specific characteristics of the sampled flock such as flock size, age of the hens, and age of the infrastructure. Salmonella was detected in laying hens from 6 of the 29 sampled farms. Using multivariate logistic regression with the Salmonella status of the flock as an outcome variable, a previous Salmonella contamination on the farm and the age of the production system were identified as risk factors for the presence of Salmonella in laying hens (P<0.05). The housing system did not have a significant influence on the prevalence of Salmonella in the current study.Poultry Science 06/2010; 89(6):1315-9. · 1.73 Impact Factor -
Article: Control of Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broilers by target-released butyric acid, fatty acids and essential oils.
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ABSTRACT: The efficacy of target-released butyric acid, medium-chain fatty acids (C(6) to C(12) but mainly lauric acid) and essential oils (thymol, cinnamaldehyde, essential oil of eucalyptus) micro-encapsulated in a poly-sugar matrix to control necrotic enteritis was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the different additives were determined in vitro, showing that lauric acid, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde are very effective in inhibiting the growth of Clostridium perfringens. The in vivo effects were studied in two trials in an experimental necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens. In the first trial, four groups of chickens were fed a diet supplemented with butyric acid, with essential oils, with butyric acid in combination with medium-chain fatty acids, or with butyric acid in combination with medium-chain fatty acids and essential oils. In all groups except for the group receiving only butyric acid, a significant decrease in the number of birds with necrotic lesions was found compared with the infected, untreated control group. In the second trial the same products were tested but at a higher concentration. An additional group was fed a diet supplemented with only medium-chain fatty acids. In all groups except for that receiving butyric acid in combination with medium-chain fatty acids and essential oils, a significant decrease in the number of birds with necrotic lesions was found compared with the infected, untreated control group. These results suggest that butyric acid, medium-chain fatty acids and/or essential oils may contribute to the prevention of necrotic enteritis in broilers.Avian Pathology 04/2010; 39(2):117-21. · 1.71 Impact Factor -
Article: Determination of the within and between flock prevalence and identification of risk factors for Salmonella infections in laying hen flocks housed in conventional and alternative systems.
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ABSTRACT: Salmonella outbreaks in humans are often linked with the consumption of contaminated eggs. Therefore a profound knowledge of the actual prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hens and the factors that influence the presence and persistence of Salmonella on a farm is of utmost importance. The housing of laying hens in conventional battery cages will be forbidden in the European Union (EU) from 2012 onwards. There is an urgent need to evaluate whether this move to alternative housing systems will influence the prevalence of Salmonella in laying hens. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed in 5 European countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy and Switzerland) to determine the between and within flock prevalence of hens shedding Salmonella and to investigate whether there is an effect of the housing type on Salmonella prevalence. In total 292 laying hen farms were sampled in the month prior to depopulation. An on-farm questionnaire was used to collect information on general management practices and specific characteristics of the sampled flock. Twenty-nine flocks were found positive for at least 1 Salmonella-serotype. In these flocks the within flock prevalence of shedding hens, determined by individual sampling of 40 hens, varied between 0% and 27.50%. A wide variety of serotypes was isolated with Salmonella Enteritidis as the most common. Housing in conventional battery cages, the absence of dry cleaning in between production rounds and sampling in winter turned out to be risk factors for the shedding of Salmonella Enteritidis or Typhimurium (P<0.05).Preventive Veterinary Medicine 04/2010; 94(1-2):94-100. · 2.05 Impact Factor
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Top Journals
- Veterinary Microbiology (28)
- The Veterinary record (25)
- Poultry Science (14)
- Avian Pathology (13)
- Journal of Comparative Pathology (10)
Institutions
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1981–2013
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Ghent University
- • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology of Large Animals
- • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- • Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases
- • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Gent, VLG, Belgium
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2011–2012
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Instituut voor Landbouw en Visserijonderzoek (ILVO)
Merelbeke, VLG, Belgium
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2007–2009
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University of Antwerp
- Faculteit Farmaceutische, Biomedische en Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen
Antwerpen, VLG, Belgium
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1998–2001
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Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre
Brussels, BRU, Belgium
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1997
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Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré
Paris, Ile-de-France, France
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