-
Eva Fisher,
Karina Meidtner,
Lars Angquist,
Claus Holst,
Rikke Dalgaard Hansen,
Jytte Halkjær,
Giovanna Masala,
Jane Nautrup Ostergaard,
Kim Overvad,
Domenico Palli,
Karani S Vimaleswaran,
Anne Tjønneland,
Daphne L van der A,
Nicholas J Wareham, Thorkild Ia Sørensen,
Ruth Jf Loos,
Heiner Boeing
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Genetic polymorphisms of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) have been associated with type 2 diabetes and BMI.
The objective was to investigate whether TCF7L2 HapA is associated with weight development and whether such an association is modulated by protein intake or by the glycemic index (GI).
The investigation was based on prospective data from 5 cohort studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Weight change was followed up for a mean (±SD) of 6.8 ± 2.5 y. TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs10885406 were successfully genotyped in 11,069 individuals and used to derive HapA. Multiple logistic and linear regression analysis was applied to test for the main effect of HapA and its interaction with dietary protein or GI. Analyses from the cohorts were combined by random-effects meta-analysis.
HapA was associated neither with baseline BMI (0.03 ± 0.07 BMI units per allele; P = 0.6) nor with annual weight change (8.8 ± 11.7 g/y per allele; P = 0.5). However, a previously shown positive association between intake of protein, particularly of animal origin, and subsequent weight change in this population proved to be attenuated by TCF7L2 HapA (P-interaction = 0.01). We showed that weight gain becomes independent of protein intake with an increasing number of HapA alleles. Substitution of protein with either fat or carbohydrates showed the same effects. No interaction with GI was observed.
TCF7L2 HapA attenuates the positive association between animal protein intake and long-term body weight change in middle-aged Europeans but does not interact with the GI of the diet.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 05/2012; 95(6):1468-76. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Despite extensive research into the biological mechanisms behind obesity-related inflammation, knowledge of environmental and genetic factors triggering such mechanisms is limited. In the present narrative review we present potential determinants of adipose tissue inflammation and suggest ways ahead for future research in the field. DESIGN: We searched the literature for potential determinants of obesity with inflammation through MEDLINE by applying the MeSH headings 'obesity' and 'inflammation' in combination with specific terms for a series of environmental and genetic factors. RESULTS: Numerous articles reported on the association between environmental or genetic factors and respectively obesity and inflammation, whereas only a few studies assessed obesity and inflammation as a combined outcome. Among suggested determinants for obesity with inflammation were Adenovirus-36, the gut microbiota, trans-fatty acids, and the four genes FTO, MC4R, TNF-α and LEPR. CONCLUSIONS: We present a limited number of factors potentially contributing to the development of obesity with inflammation, while concluding that overall the area is indeed sparsely investigated. We present ideas for future studies that can identify relevant aetiological factors. This identification is essential for targeted prevention of obesity with inflammation and the clinical consequences thereof.
Public Health Nutrition 04/2012; · 2.17 Impact Factor
-
Esther Zimmermann,
Rodolphe Anty,
Joan Tordjman,
An Verrijken,
Philippe Gual,
Albert Tran,
Antonio Iannelli,
Jean Gugenheim,
Pierre Bedossa,
Sven Francque,
Yannick Le Marchand-Brustel,
Karine Clement,
Luc Van Gaal, Thorkild I A Sørensen,
Tine Jess
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major hepatic consequence of obesity. It has been suggested that the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an obesity-independent surrogate marker of severity of NAFLD, especially development of non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), but this remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether associations between various features of NAFLD and hs-CRP are independent of body mass index (BMI) in its broad range among obese patients.
A total of 627 obese adults (80% females), representing three cohorts from France and Belgium, had information on liver histology obtained from liver biopsies and measures of hs-CRP and BMI. We investigated whether the different features of NAFLD and BMI were associated with hs-CRP, with and without mutual adjustments using linear regression.
BMI and hs-CRP were strongly associated. Per every 10% increase in BMI the hs-CRP level increased by 19-20% (p<0.001), and adjustment for NAFLD-stage (including no-NAFLD) did not influence the association. We found no BMI-independent association between NASH and hs-CRP. However, a positive association between degree of steatosis and hs-CRP was observed (p<0.05) and this effect remained significant after adjusting for BMI, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and fibrosis. We found no significant associations between the other features of NAFLD and hs-CRP.
This study indicates that it is the accumulation of fat -both in the adipose tissue and in liver steatosis- that leads to increased hs-CRP levels among obese patients. Thus, hs-CRP may be a marker of steatosis, but not of severity of NAFLD, in obese patients.
Journal of Hepatology 01/2011; 55(3):660-5. · 9.26 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Early nutrition may affect the risk of overweight in later life.
The objective was to explore the effect of the duration of breastfeeding (BF) and age at introduction of complementary feeding (CF) on body mass index (BMI) during childhood through adulthood.
The study was based on a subsample of the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort established in 1959-1961 (n = 5068). Information on BF and available information on CF (age of introduction of "spoon-feeding," "vegetables," "egg," "meat," and "firm food") and several covariates were collected in infancy and linked with information on BMI from follow-up examinations in childhood and adulthood at age 42 y.
The median (10th, 90th percentiles) durations of any BF and age at introduction of spoon-feeding were 2.50 (0.23, 6.50) and 3.50 (2.00, 6.00) mo, respectively. After 1 y of age and throughout childhood and adolescence, no association between BF and BMI was found in regression models also adjusted for age at introduction of spoon-feeding and covariates. The risk of overweight at age 42 y decreased or tended to decrease with increasing age (in mo) at introduction of spoon-feeding [odds ratio (OR): 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.02], vegetables (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98), meat (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00), and firm food (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98) but not egg (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.05).
The findings of this study suggest that introduction of CF at a later age (within the range of 2 to 6 mo) is protective against overweight in adulthood but do not support a protective effect of a longer duration of BF.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 03/2010; 91(3):619-27. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
Huaidong Du,
Daphne L van der A,
Hendriek C Boshuizen,
Nita G Forouhi,
Nicolas J Wareham,
Jytte Halkjaer,
Anne Tjønneland,
Kim Overvad,
Marianne Uhre Jakobsen,
Heiner Boeing,
Brian Buijsse,
Giovanna Masala,
Dominique Palli, Thorkild I A Sørensen,
Wim H M Saris,
Edith J M Feskens
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Dietary fiber may play a role in obesity prevention. Until now, the role that fiber from different sources plays in weight change had rarely been studied.
Our aim was to investigate the association of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit and vegetable fiber with changes in weight and waist circumference.
We conducted a prospective cohort study with 89,432 European participants, aged 20-78 y, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes at baseline and who were followed for an average of 6.5 y. Dietary information was collected by using validated country-specific food-frequency questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in each center studied, and estimates were combined by using random-effects meta-analyses. Adjustments were made for follow-up duration, other dietary variables, and baseline anthropometric, demographic, and lifestyle factors.
Total fiber was inversely associated with subsequent weight and waist circumference change. For a 10-g/d higher total fiber intake, the pooled estimate was -39 g/y (95% CI: -71, -7 g/y) for weight change and -0.08 cm/y (95% CI: -0.11, -0.05 cm/y) for waist circumference change. A 10-g/d higher fiber intake from cereals was associated with -77 g/y (95% CI: -127, -26 g/y) weight change and -0.10 cm/y (95% CI: -0.18, -0.02 cm/y) waist circumference change. Fruit and vegetable fiber was not associated with weight change but had a similar association with waist circumference change when compared with intake of total dietary fiber and cereal fiber.
Our finding may support a beneficial role of higher intake of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, in prevention of body-weight and waist circumference gain.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 12/2009; 91(2):329-36. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
Nita G Forouhi,
Stephen J Sharp,
Huaidong Du,
Daphne L van der A,
Jytte Halkjaer,
Matthias B Schulze,
Anne Tjønneland,
Kim Overvad,
Marianne Uhre Jakobsen,
Heiner Boeing,
Brian Buijsse,
Domenico Palli,
Giovanna Masala,
Edith J M Feskens, Thorkild I A Sørensen,
Nicholas J Wareham
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It is unclear from the inconsistent epidemiologic evidence whether dietary fat intake is associated with future weight change.
The objective was to assess the association between the amount and type of dietary fat and subsequent weight change (follow-up weight minus baseline weight divided by duration of follow-up).
We analyzed data from 89,432 men and women from 6 cohorts of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. Using country-specific food-frequency questionnaires, we examined the association between baseline fat intake (amount and type of total, saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats) and annual weight change by using the residual, nutrient density, and energy-partition methods. We used random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates across centers.
Mean total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake ranged between 31.5% and 36.5% across the 6 cohorts (58% women; mean +/- SD age: 53.2 +/- 8.6 y). The mean (+/-SD) annual weight change was 109 +/- 817 g/y in men and 119 +/- 823 g/y in women. In pooled analyses adjusted for anthropometric, dietary, and lifestyle factors and follow-up period, no significant association was observed between fat intake (amount or type) and weight change. The difference in mean annual weight change was 0.90 g/y (95% CI: -0.54, 2.34 g/y) for men and -1.30 g/y (95% CI: -3.70, 1.11 g/y) for women per 1 g/d energy-adjusted fat intake (residual method).
We found no significant association between the amount or type of dietary fat and subsequent weight change in this large prospective study. These findings do not support the use of low-fat diets to prevent weight gain.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 10/2009; 90(6):1632-41. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recommendations for gestational weight gain (GWG) account for a woman's prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), but other factors may be important.
The objectives were to investigate whether, within BMI categories, the GWG with the lowest risks to mother and infant varied with parity and to describe these risks in short (<160 cm), young (<20 y), and smoking women.
Of 27,030 primiparous and 31,407 multiparous women with term births within the Danish National Birth Cohort, self-reported GWG was divided into 6 categories (<5, 5-9, 10-15, 16-19, 20-24, and > or =25 kg). Population-based registers provided information about birth outcomes. GWG-specific absolute adjusted risks for emergency cesarean delivery, birth of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant, and postpartum (6 mo) weight retention (PPWR) were compared across different types of women.
The risk of SGA decreased with increasing GWG in both parity groups, but SGA risk <10% was reached at 2-3 GWG categories lower in multiparae than in primiparae. An excess risk of LGA was present only in obese primiparae and multiparae, but the PPWR risk increased with increasing GWG irrespective of BMI and parity. Young primiparae had better outcomes than other primiparae. Short women had a higher risk of emergency cesarean delivery that varied minimally with GWG. Smokers had a higher SGA risk and had a PPWR risk similar to that of nonsmokers.
The tradeoff in risk between mother and infant is reached at lower GWG in multiparae than in primiparae; therefore, a lower GWG may be needed among multiparae. Differential guidelines seem unnecessary for short or young women or smokers.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 09/2009; 90(5):1288-94. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
Brian Buijsse,
Edith J M Feskens,
Matthias B Schulze,
Nita G Forouhi,
Nicholas J Wareham,
Stephen Sharp,
Domenico Palli,
Gianluca Tognon,
Jytte Halkjaer,
Anne Tjønneland,
Marianne U Jakobsen,
Kim Overvad,
Daphne L van der A,
Huaidong Du, Thorkild I A Sørensen,
Heiner Boeing
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: High fruit and vegetable intakes may limit weight gain, particularly in susceptible persons, such as those who stop smoking.
The objective was to assess the association of fruit and vegetable intake with subsequent weight change in a large-scale prospective study.
The data used were from 89,432 men and women from 5 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The association between fruit and vegetable intake and weight change after a mean follow-up of 6.5 y was assessed by linear regression. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate whether fruit and vegetable intake relates to weight gain, weight loss, or both.
Per 100-g intake of fruit and vegetables, weight change was -14 g/y (95% CI: -19, -9 g/y). In those who stopped smoking during follow-up, this value was -37 g/y (95% CI: -58, -15 g/y; P for interaction < 0.0001). When weight gain and loss were analyzed separately per 100-g intake of fruit and vegetables in a combined model, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) for weight gain > or =0.5 and <1 kg/y, 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) for weight gain > or =1 kg/y, and 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) for weight loss > or =0.5 kg/y. In those who stopped smoking during follow-up, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.88, 0.99), 0.87 (0.81, 0.92), and 0.97 (0.88, 1.07), respectively (P for interaction < 0.0001).
Fruit and vegetable intake relates significantly, albeit weakly inversely, to weight change. For persons who stop smoking, high fruit and vegetable intakes may be recommended to reduce the risk of weight gain.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 06/2009; 90(1):202-9. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Weight gained during pregnancy and not lost postpartum may contribute to obesity in women of childbearing age.
We aimed to determine whether breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in a population among which full breastfeeding is common and breastfeeding duration is long.
We selected women from the Danish National Birth Cohort who ever breastfed (>98%), and we conducted the interviews at 6 (n = 36 030) and 18 (n = 26 846) mo postpartum. We used regression analyses to investigate whether breastfeeding (scored to account for duration and intensity) reduced PPWR at 6 and 18 mo after adjustment for maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG).
GWG was positively (P < 0.0001) associated with PPWR at both 6 and 18 mo postpartum. Breastfeeding was negatively associated with PPWR in all women but those in the heaviest category of prepregnancy BMI at 6 (P < 0.0001) and 18 (P < 0.05) mo postpartum. When modeled together with adjustment for possible confounding, these associations were marginally attenuated. We calculated that, if women exclusively breastfed for 6 mo as recommended, PPWR could be eliminated by that time in women with GWG values of approximately 12 kg, and that the possibility of major weight gain (>or=5 kg) could be reduced in all but the heaviest women.
Breastfeeding was associated with lower PPWR in all categories of prepregnancy BMI. These results suggest that, when combined with GWG values of approximately 12 kg, breastfeeding as recommended could eliminate weight retention by 6 mo postpartum in many women.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 01/2009; 88(6):1543-51. · 6.67 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although both maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may affect birth weight, their separate and joint associations with complications of pregnancy and delivery and with postpartum weight retention are unclear.
We aimed to investigate the combined associations of prepregnancy BMI and GWG with pregnancy outcomes and to evaluate the trade-offs between mother and infant for different weight gains.
Data for 60892 term pregnancies in the Danish National Birth Cohort were linked to birth and hospital discharge registers. Self-reported total GWG was categorized as low (<10 kg), medium (10-15 kg), high (16-19 kg), or very high (>or=20 kg). Adjusted associations of prepregnancy BMI and GWG with outcomes of interest were estimated by logistic regression analyses.
High and very high GWG added to the associations of high prepregnancy BMI with cesarean delivery and were strongly associated with high postpartum weight retention. Moreover, greater weight gains and high maternal BMI decreased the risk of growth restriction and increased the risk of the infant's being born large-for-gestational-age or with a low Apgar score. Generally, low GWG was advantageous for the mother, but it increased the risk of having a small baby, particularly for underweight women.
Heavier women may benefit from avoiding high and very high GWG, which brings only a slight increase in the risk of growth restriction for the infant. High weight gain in underweight women does not appear to have deleterious consequences for them or their infants, but they may want to avoid low GWG to prevent having a small baby.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 07/2008; 87(6):1750-9. · 6.67 Impact Factor
