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ABSTRACT: Objectives. To investigate the effect of chronotype on salivary cortisol or salivary α-amylase (sAA). Methods. From 108 male university students, saliva samples were collected in the afternoon (between 15:00 and 17:00). The salivary cortisol and sAA levels were determined with commercial kits. Chronotype was quantitatively evaluated using the Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Subjects were categorized into morning types and evening types. Results. The sAA levels were lower in the morning types than in the evening types. We found no significant difference in salivary cortisol levels between the two groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the sAA levels may be associated with chronotype.
Endocrine Research 05/2012; · 0.97 Impact Factor
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Sakurako Katsuura,
Yoshiko Kamezaki,
Kumiko Tominaga,
Kiyoshi Masuda,
Kensei Nishida,
Yuta Yamamoto, Keiko Takeo,
Naoko Yamagishi,
Toshihito Tanahashi,
Tomoko Kawai,
Kazuhito Rokutan
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ABSTRACT: This study was designed to prospectively examine the impact of a brief naturalistic stressor (academic examination) on salivary/serum cortisol, measures of anxiety and depressive mood, and 50 circulating immune mediators assessed 7 days before, the first day of, and 2 days after the first term examination period (5 days) among 20 male and 6 female medical students (19.7+/-3.1 years, mean+/-SD). Of 42 serum factors detected, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc testing indicated that concentrations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3, and beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) were significantly decreased 2 days after finishing examinations, compared with the levels on the first day of examinations (p<0.05) in association with a concomitant post-examination decreases (p<0.05) in anxiety and salivary cortisol levels. In contrast, interleukin (IL)-16 was reciprocally increased between the two time points (p<0.05). However, after correction for multiple comparisons, only changes in MIF were significant (p<0.05/42=0.00119), and MIF levels peaked on the first day of examinations was significantly higher than those measured both 7 days before and 2 days after the examination. The present high-throughput analysis with multiplex cytokine panels reconfirms the impact of brief naturalistic stressors on immune outcomes, and suggests a potential role of MIF in the acute stress response.
International journal of psychophysiology: official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology 08/2010; 77(2):135-40. · 3.05 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is preferentially expressed in the colon, but its functional role is not fully understood. This study was designed to elucidate a potential role of Nox1 in inflammation of the colon.
Superoxide production by T84 cells was measured by the cytochrome c method. Protein and mRNA levels of Nox1 and Nox organizer 1 (NOXO1) in the cells were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Expression of Nox1, Nox2, dual oxidase 2 (Duox2), NOXO1, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNAs was measured in proximal, middle, and distal portions of colonic mucosas from male wild-type C57BL/6J and interleukin (IL)-10 knockout mice at 6, 10, and 16 weeks of age. Grading of inflammation was done by scoring histological changes.
IL-10 significantly inhibited IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of superoxide-producing activity in T84 cells by suppressing expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein. IL-10 also inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated induction of NOXO1 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Levels of Nox1, but not Nox2 or Duox2 mRNA, was age-dependently increased following a gradient with low levels in the proximal colon and high levels in the distal colon of the wild-type mice. The absence of IL-10 significantly facilitated Nox1 expression in association with increased IFN-gamma mRNA expression before the development of spontaneous colitis and age-dependently accelerated their mRNA expression.
IL-10 may be a possible down-regulator of the Nox1-based oxidase in the colon, suggesting a potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from Nox1-based oxidase in inflammation of the colon.
Journal of Gastroenterology 09/2009; 44(12):1172-84. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The tra2beta gene encoding an alternative splicing regulator, transformer 2-beta (Tra2beta), generates five alternative splice variant transcripts (tra2beta1-5). Functionally active, full-length Tra2beta is encoded by tra2beta1 isoform. Expression and physiological significance of the other isoforms, particularly tra2beta4, are not fully understood. Rat gastric mucosa constitutively expressed tra2beta1 isoform and specifically generated tra2beta4 isoform that includes premature termination codon-containing exon 2, when exposed to restraint and water immersion stress. Treatment of a gastric cancer cell line (AGS) with arsenite (100 microM) preferentially generated tra2beta4 isoform and caused translocation of Tra2beta from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in association with enhanced phosphorylation during the initial 4-6 h (acute phase). Following the acute phase, AGS cells continued upregulated tra2beta1 mRNA expression, and higher amounts of Tra2beta were reaccumulated in their nuclei. Treatment with small interference RNAs targeting up-frameshift-1 or transfection of a plasmid containing tra2beta1 cDNA did not induce tra2beta4 isoform expression and did not modify the arsenite-induced expression of this isoform, suggesting that neither the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay nor the autoregulatory control by excess amounts of Tra2beta participated in the tra2beta4 isoform generation. Knockdown of Tra2beta facilitated skipping of the central variable region of the CD44 gene and suppressed cell growth. In contrast, overexpression of Tra2beta stimulated combinatorial inclusion of multiple variable exons in the region and cell growth. The similar skipping and inclusion of the variable region were observed in arsenite-treated cells. Our results suggest that Tra2beta may regulate cellular oxidative response by changing alternative splicing of distinct genes including CD44.
AJP Cell Physiology 06/2009; 297(2):C330-8. · 3.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Psychosocial factors are important determinants of disease manifestations, treatment efficacy, and prognosis of functional and inflammatory bowel disorders. Isolation of C57BL/6J mice from their 4 brothers growing in the same cage reduced goblet cells and MUC2 expression with a peak on day 8 in the rectum, but not in the colon. Gene expression analysis using a whole mouse genome microarray showed that the stress induced a 10-fold larger change in the gene expression in the rectum (722 genes) than in the colon (72 genes). The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) application organized the rectum-specific 711 genes into stress response-related pathways. Nuclear factor-kappaB-related cytokine networks constructed with IPA showed selective up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-18 mRNA expression, which was also confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The stress produced active forms of caspase 1, IL-18, and a negative regulator for goblet cells, Notch 1, only in the rectum. IL-18-knockout mouse rectum had significantly increased goblet cells and MUC2 mucin, compared with wild-type mouse rectum. The absence of IL-18 completely blocked the stress-induced changes in gene expression and the goblet cell responses in the rectum. Thus, IL-18 may be a crucial determinant for the vulnerability of the rectum to psychosocial stress.
The FASEB Journal 02/2009; 23(6):1797-805. · 5.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a multicomponent enzyme consisting of p22(phox), Nox organizer 1 (NOXO1), Nox1 activator 1, and Rac1. Interleukin-1beta, flagellin, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) similarly induced Nox1 in a colon cancer cell line (T84), whereas only TNF-alpha fully induced NOXO1 and upregulated superoxide-producing activity by ninefold. This upregulation was canceled by knockdown of NOXO1 with small interfering RNAs. TNF-alpha rapidly phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, followed by phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos and appearance of an AP-1 binding activity within 30 min. We cloned the 5' flank of the human NOXO1 gene (-3888 to +263 bp), and found that the region between -585 and -452 bp, which contains consensus elements of YY-1, AP-1, and Ets, and the GC-rich region encoding three putative binding sites for SP-1, was crucial for TNF-alpha-dependent promoter activity. Serial mutation analysis of the elements identified an AP-1 binding site (from -561 to -551 bp, agtAAGtcatg) as a crucial element for TNF-alpha-stimulated transcription of the human NOXO1 gene, which was also confirmed by the AP-1 decoy experiments. Thus, TNF-alpha acts as a potent activator of Nox1-based oxidase in colon epithelial cells, suggesting a potential role of this oxidase in inflammation of the colon.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10/2008; 45(12):1642-52. · 5.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using a written questionnaire survey of 200 first-year university students, we investigated associations between parental rearing attitudes and health-related lifestyle. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) and the Health Practice Index (HPI; Hagihara & Morimoto, 1991). We found that more female respondents with unhealthy lifestyles perceived their parents as having been overprotective. No such correlation was found for male respondents. These findings suggest that, particularly for females, health-related lifestyle may be related to perceived parental rearing attitudes. By contrast, for males, depression correlated with low maternal care or overprotection.
Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal 12/2007; 36(4):551-558. · 0.31 Impact Factor
