-
Robert Hahn,
Angela McGowan,
Akiva Liberman,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy Fullilove,
Robert Johnson,
Eve Moscicki,
LeShawndra Price,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Jessica Lowy,
Peter Briss,
Stella Cory,
Glenda Stone
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force), which directs the development of the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), conducted a systematic review of published scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of laws and policies that facilitate the transfer of juveniles to the adult criminal justice system to determine whether these transfers prevent or reduce violence among youth who have been transferred and among the juvenile population as a whole. For this review, transfer is defined as placing juveniles aged <18 years under the jurisdiction of the adult criminal justice system. The review followed Community Guide methods for conducting a systematic review of literature and for providing recommendations to public health decision makers. Available evidence indicates that transfer to the adult criminal justice system typically increases rather than decreases rates of violence among transferred youth. Available evidence was insufficient to determine the effect of transfer laws and policies on levels of violent crime in the overall juvenile population. On the basis of these findings, the Task Force recommends against laws or policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles to the adult criminal justice system for the purpose of reducing violence.
MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control 12/2007; 56(RR-9):1-11.
-
Robert Hahn,
Dawna Fuqua-Whitley,
Holly Wethington,
Jessica Lowy,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy Fullilove,
Robert Johnson,
Akiva Liberman,
Eve Moscicki,
LeShawndra Price,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Stella Cory,
Glenda Stone,
Kaushik Mukhopadhaya,
Sajal Chattopadhyay,
Linda Dahlberg
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Universal, school-based programs, intended to prevent violent behavior, have been used at all grade levels from pre-kindergarten through high school. These programs may be targeted to schools in a high-risk area-defined by low socioeconomic status or high crime rate-and to selected grades as well. All children in those grades receive the programs in their own classrooms, not in special pull-out sessions. According to the criteria of the systematic review methods developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), there is strong evidence that universal, school-based programs decrease rates of violence among school-aged children and youth. Program effects were consistent at all grade levels. An independent, recently updated meta-analysis of school-based programs confirms and supplements the Community Guide findings.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 09/2007; 33(2 Suppl):S114-29. · 4.04 Impact Factor
-
Robert Hahn,
Dawna Fuqua-Whitley,
Holly Wethington,
Jessica Lowy,
Akiva Liberman,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy Fullilove,
Robert Johnson,
Eve Moscicki,
LeShawndra Price,
Susan R Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Stella Cory,
Glenda Stone,
Kaushik Mukhopadhaya,
Sajal Chattopadhyay,
Linda Dahlberg
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Universal school-based programs to reduce or prevent violent behavior are delivered to all children in classrooms in a grade or in a school. Similarly, programs targeted to schools in high-risk areas (defined by low socioeconomic status or high crime rates) are delivered to all children in a grade or school in those high-risk areas. During 2004-2006, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force) conducted a systematic review of published scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of these programs. The results of this review provide strong evidence that universal school-based programs decrease rates of violence and aggressive behavior among school-aged children. Program effects were demonstrated at all grade levels. An independent meta-analysis of school-based programs confirmed and supplemented these findings. On the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force recommends the use of universal school-based programs to prevent or reduce violent behavior.
MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control 09/2007; 56(RR-7):1-12.
-
Angela McGowan,
Robert Hahn,
Akiva Liberman,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy Fullilove,
Robert Johnson,
Eve Moscicki,
Leshawndra Price,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Jessica Lowy,
Peter Briss,
Stella Cory,
Glenda Stone
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force), which directs development of the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), has conducted a systematic review of published scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of laws and policies that facilitate the transfer of juveniles to the adult criminal justice system, on either preventing or reducing violence (1) among those youth who experience the adult criminal system or (2) in the juvenile population as a whole. This review focuses on interpersonal violence. Violence may lead to the juvenile's initial arrest and entry into the justice system and, for those who are arrested, may be committed subsequent to exiting the justice system. Here transfer is defined as the placement of juveniles aged less than 18 years under the jurisdiction of the adult criminal justice system, rather than the juvenile justice system, following arrest. Using the methods developed by the Community Guide to conduct a systematic review of literature and provide recommendations to public health decision makers, the review team found that transferring juveniles to the adult justice system generally increases, rather than decreases, rates of violence among transferred youth. Evidence was insufficient for the Task Force on Community Preventive Services to determine the effect of such laws and policies in reducing violent behavior in the overall juvenile population. Overall, the Task Force recommends against laws or policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from the juvenile to the adult judicial system for the purpose of reducing violence.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 05/2007; 32(4 Suppl):S7-28. · 4.04 Impact Factor
-
Robert Hahn,
Dawna Fuqua-Whitley,
Holly Wethington,
Jessica Lowy,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy Fullilove,
Robert Johnson,
Akiva Liberman,
Eve Moscicki,
Leshawndra Price,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Stella Cory,
Glenda Stone,
Kaushik Mukhopadhaya,
Sajal Chattopadhyay,
Linda Dahlberg
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Universal, school-based programs, intended to prevent violent behavior, have been used at all grade levels from pre-kindergarten through high school. These programs may be targeted to schools in a high-risk area— defined by low socioeconomic status or high crime rate—and to selected grades as well. All children in those grades receive the programs in their own classrooms, not in special pull-out sessions. According to the criteria of the systematic review methods developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Com-munity Guide), there is strong evidence that universal, school-based programs decrease rates of violence among school-aged children and youth. Program effects were consistent at all grade levels. An independent, recently updated meta-analysis of school-based programs confirms and supplements the Community Guide findings.
Am J Prev Med American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 01/2007; 33:114-129.
-
Robert A Hahn,
Oleg Bilukha,
Jessica Lowy,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy T Fullilove,
Akiva Liberman,
Eve Moscicki,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Phaedra Corso,
Amanda Schofield
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 03/2005; 28(2 Suppl 1):72-90. · 4.04 Impact Factor
-
Oleg Bilukha,
Robert A Hahn,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy T Fullilove,
Akiva Liberman,
Eve Moscicki,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Phaedra Corso,
Amanda Schofield,
Peter A Briss
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 03/2005; 28(2 Suppl 1):11-39. · 4.04 Impact Factor
-
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 03/2005; 28(2 Suppl 1):40-71. · 4.04 Impact Factor
-
Robert A Hahn,
Jessica Lowy,
Oleg Bilukha,
Susan Snyder,
Peter Briss,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy T Fullilove, Farris Tuma,
Eve K Moscicki,
Akiva Liberman,
Amanda Schofield,
Phaedra S Corso
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In therapeutic foster care programs, youths who cannot live at home are placed in homes with foster parents who have been trained to provide a structured environment that supports their learning social and emotional skills. To assess the effectiveness of such programs in preventing violent behavior among participating youths, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding these programs. Reported and observed violence, including violent crime, were direct measures. Proxy measures were externalizing behavior (i.e., behavior in which psychological problems are acted out), conduct disorder, and arrests, convictions, or delinquency, as ascertained from official records, for acts that might have included violence. Reviewed studies assessed two similar interventions, distinguished by the ages and underlying problems of the target populations. Therapeutic foster care for reduction of violence by children with severe emotional disturbance (hereafter referred to as cluster therapeutic foster care) involved programs (average duration: 18 months) in which clusters of foster-parent families cooperated in the care of children (aged 5-13 years) with severe emotional disturbance. The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of this intervention in preventing violence. Therapeutic foster care for the reduction of violence by chronically delinquent adolescents (hereafter referred to as program-intensive therapeutic foster care) involved short-term programs (average duration: 6-7 months) in which program personnel collaborated closely and daily with foster families caring for adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with a history of chronic delinquency. On the basis of sufficient evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force recommends this intervention for prevention of violence among adolescents with a history of chronic delinquency. This report briefly describes how the reviews were conducted, provides additional information about the findings, and provides information that might help communities in applying the intervention locally.
MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control 08/2004; 53(RR-10):1-8.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: During 2000-2002, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force), an independent nonfederal task force, conducted a systematic review of scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of firearms laws in preventing violence, including violent crimes, suicide, and unintentional injury. The following laws were evaluated: bans on specified firearms or ammunition, restrictions on firearm acquisition, waiting periods for firearm acquisition, firearm registration and licensing of firearm owners, "shall issue" concealed weapon carry laws, child access prevention laws, zero tolerance laws for firearms in schools, and combinations of firearms laws. The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of any of the firearms laws or combinations of laws reviewed on violent outcomes. (Note that insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness should not be interpreted as evidence of ineffectiveness.) This report briefly describes how the reviews were conducted, summarizes the Task Force findings, and provides information regarding needs for future research.
MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control 11/2003; 52(RR-14):11-20.
-
Robert A Hahn,
Oleg O Bilukha,
Alex Crosby,
Mindy T Fullilove,
Akiva Liberman,
Eve K Moscicki,
Susan Snyder, Farris Tuma,
Amanda Schofield,
Phaedra S Corso,
Peter Briss
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Early childhood home visitation programs are those in which parents and children are visited in their home during the child's first 2 years of life by trained personnel who provide some combination of the following: information, support, or training regarding child health, development, and care. Home visitation has been used for a wide range of objectives, including improvement of the home environment, family development, and prevention of child behavior problems. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) conducted a systematic review of scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of early childhood home visitation for preventing several forms of violence: violence by the visited child against self or others; violence against the child (i.e., maltreatment [abuse or neglect]); other violence by the visited parent; and intimate partner violence. On the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force recommends early childhood home visitation for the prevention of child abuse and neglect. The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of early childhood home visitation in preventing violence by visited children, violence by visited parents (other than child abuse and neglect), or intimate partner violence in visited families. (Note that insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness should not be interpreted as evidence of ineffectiveness.) No studies of home visitation evaluated suicide as an outcome. This report provides additional information regarding the findings, briefly describes how the reviews were conducted, and provides information that can help in applying the recommended intervention locally.
MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control 11/2003; 52(RR-14):1-9.
