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Lucas A Salas,
Kenneth P Cantor, Adonina Tardon,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Núria Malats,
Debra Silverman,
Manolis Kogevinas,
Cristina M Villanueva
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Lifetime exposure to trihalomethanes (THM) has been associated with increased risk of bladder cancer. We explored methods of analyzing bladder cancer risk associated with 4 THM (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) as surrogates for disinfection by-product (DBP) mixtures in a case-control study in Spain (1998-2001). Lifetime average concentrations of THM in the households of 686 incident bladder cancer cases and 750 matched hospital-based controls were calculated. Several exposure metrics were modeled through conditional logistic regression, including the following analyses: total THM (μg/L), cytotoxicity-weighted sum of total THM (pmol/L), 4 THM in separate models, 4 THM in 1 model, chloroform and the sum of brominated THM in 1 model, and a principal-components analysis. THM composition, concentrations, and correlations varied between areas. The model for total THM was stable and showed increasing dose-response trends. Models for separate THM provided unstable estimates and inconsistent dose-response relationships. Risk estimation for specific THM is hampered by the varying composition of the mixture, correlation between species, and imprecision of historical estimates. Total THM (μg/L) provided a proxy measure of DBPs that yielded the strongest dose-response relationship with bladder cancer risk. A variety of metrics and statistical approaches should be used to evaluate this association in other settings.
American journal of epidemiology 05/2013; · 5.59 Impact Factor
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Claudia Robles,
Raphael Viscidi,
Nuria Malats,
Debra T Silverman, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Jesús Herranz,
Josep Lloreta,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Francisco X Real,
Silvia de Sanjose,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: An infectious etiology for bladder cancer has long been suspected. Merkel cell virus (MCV), BKV and JCV polyomaviruses are possible causative agents but data remain scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the seroresponse to these three polyomaviruses in association with bladder cancer risk. 1135 incident bladder cancer subjects from 5 Spanish regions and 982 hospital controls matched by sex, age and region were included. 99% of cases were urothelial-cell carcinomas. Antibody response against MCV, BKV and JCV was measured by enzyme immunoassay using Virus-Like-Particles. Our results show a similar seroprevalence in cases and controls: 64%/60% for BKV, 83%/82% for MCV, and 87%/83% for JCV. However, among seropositive subjects, higher median seroreactivities were observed in cases compared to controls for BKV (0.84 vs. 0.70, p-value=0.009) and MCV (1.81 vs. 0.65, p-value<0.001). Increased bladder cancer risk was observed for BKV (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.04-1.8) and for MCV (OR=1.5, 95%CI 1.2-1.9), when comparing highest to lowest seroreactivity tertiles. The associations of BKV and MCV with bladder cancer were independent of each other and neither smoking status nor disease stage and grade modified them. Furthermore, no association was observed between seroresponse to JCV and bladder cancer. Therefore, we conclude that BKV and MCV polyomavirus infection could be related to an increased bladder cancer risk.
International Journal of Cancer 01/2013; · 5.44 Impact Factor
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Mariana F Fernandez,
Jordi Parera,
Juan P Arrebola,
Loreto Santa Marina,
Martine Vrijheid,
Sabrina Llop,
Manoli Abalos, Adonina Tardon,
Argelia Castaño,
Esteban Abad,
Nicolas Olea
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Because fetuses are considered significantly more sensitive to various environment toxicants, there is a need for continuous biomonitoring of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs (DL-PCBs) to assess their impact on this susceptible population. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in placenta samples from women participating in the Spanish Environment and Childhood (INMA) birth cohort study and to evaluate whether maternal and child characteristics predict placenta concentrations of these pollutants. The presence of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs was investigated in 50 placenta samples selected at random in the recruitment period 2000-2008. Multivariable regression models were constructed. Mothers had a mean age at delivery of 30.7years (18.0-38.0years), pre-pregnancy BMI of 23.3kg/m(2) (18.0-40.2kg/m(2)), and 31% were smokers. Median total concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were 6.9pgWHO-TEQ/g lipid and 2.1pgWHO-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. In comparison to the few previous studies in placenta, total TEQ levels were among the lowest recorded in comparable general populations. The congener distribution pattern and the frequencies and concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCB congeners were similar to previous reports in placenta. PCDD/F and DL-PCB exposure was related to the age of the mother and the year of the delivery. Although placental concentrations cannot be considered wholly appropriate predictors for evaluating fetal exposure to these contaminants, they can provide a good indication of both maternal and infant prenatal and postnatal exposure and can be used as a proxy for fetal exposure.
Science of The Total Environment 11/2012; 441C:49-56. · 3.29 Impact Factor
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Sabrina Llop,
Mònica Guxens,
Mario Murcia,
Aitana Lertxundi,
Rosa Ramon,
Isolina Riaño,
Marisa Rebagliato,
Jesus Ibarluzea, Adonina Tardon,
Jordi Sunyer,
Ferran Ballester
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Vulnerability of the central nervous system to mercury is increased during early development. This study aimed to evaluate whether cord blood total mercury levels may have a negative effect on both mental and psychomotor development in a maternal-birth cohort from moderate-high fish consumption areas. Study subjects were 1,683 child participants in the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Project from 4 areas of Spain between 2003 and 2010. Cord blood total mercury levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed around age 14 months by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary information was obtained by questionnaire during pregnancy. The geometric mean of total mercury levels was 8.4 μg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.1, 8.7). In multivariate analysis, a doubling in total mercury levels did not show an association with mental (β = 0.1, 95% CI: -0.68, 0.88) or psychomotor (β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.79, 0.68) developmental delay; however, stratified findings by sex suggest a negative association between prenatal exposure to total mercury and psychomotor development among female infants (β = -1.09, 95% CI: -2.21, 0.03), although follow-up is required to confirm these results.
American journal of epidemiology 03/2012; 175(5):451-65. · 5.59 Impact Factor
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Martine Vrijheid,
David Martinez,
Inma Aguilera,
Mariona Bustamante,
Ferran Ballester,
Marisa Estarlich,
Ana Fernandez-Somoano,
Mònica Guxens,
Nerea Lertxundi,
M Dolores Martinez, Adonina Tardon,
Jordi Sunyer
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Gas cooking is a main source of indoor air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide and particles. Because concerns are emerging for neurodevelopmental effects of air pollutants, we examined the relationship between indoor gas cooking during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment.
Pregnant mothers were recruited between 2004 and 2008 to a prospective birth cohort study (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) in Spain during the first trimester of pregnancy. Third-trimester questionnaires collected information about the use of gas appliances at home. At age 11 to 22 months, children were assessed for mental development using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Linear regression models examined the association of gas cooking and standardized mental development scores (n = 1887 mother-child pairs).
Gas cookers were present in 44% of homes. Gas cooking was related to a small decrease in the mental development score compared with use of other cookers (-2.5 points [95% confidence interval = -4.0 to -0.9]) independent of social class, maternal education, and other measured potential confounders. This decrease was strongest in children tested after the age of 14 months (-3.1 points [-5.1 to -1.1]) and when gas cooking was combined with less frequent use of an extractor fan. The negative association with gas cooking was relatively consistent across strata defined by social class, education, and other covariates.
This study suggests a small adverse effect of indoor air pollution from gas cookers on the mental development of young children.
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 11/2011; 23(1):23-32. · 5.51 Impact Factor
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Sabrina Llop,
Xabier Aguinagalde,
Jesus Vioque,
Jesús Ibarluzea,
Mònica Guxens,
Maribel Casas,
Mario Murcia,
María Ruiz,
Ascensión Amurrio,
Marisa Rebagliato,
Loreto Santa Marina,
Ana Fernandez-Somoano, Adonina Tardon,
Ferran Ballester
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Lead is a known neurotoxic. Fetuses and infants are very vulnerable to lead exposure, since their blood-brain barrier is not completely formed. Hence, there is an importance for monitoring of blood lead levels prenatally and during early infancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prenatal exposure to lead and its association with maternal factors in four population based mother-child cohorts in Spain. The present research was carried out within the framework of the INMA project INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood).
A total of 1462 pregnant women were recruited between 2004 and 2008. Lead was analyzed in a sample of cord blood by thermal decomposition, amalgation, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Maternal sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors were obtained by questionnaires during pregnancy. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed. The dependent variable was a dichotomous lead level variable (detected vs no detected, i.e. ≥ vs < 2μg/dL).
A low percentage of cord blood samples with lead levels ≥ 2μg/dL were found (5.9%). Geometric mean and maximum were 1.06μg/dL and 19μg/dL, respectively. Smoking at the beginning of pregnancy, age, social class, weight gain during pregnancy, gravidity, and place of residence were the maternal factors associated with detectable cord blood lead levels. Mother's diet does not appear to be a determining factor of lead exposure. Nevertheless, daily intake of iron and zinc may act as a protective factor against having cord blood lead levels ≥ 2μg/dL.
In the different regions of Spain taking part in this study, lead levels to which newborns are exposed are low. Mobilization of lead from bones may be the main contributor to the cord blood levels.
Science of The Total Environment 03/2011; 409(11):2298-305. · 3.29 Impact Factor
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Gemma Castaño-Vinyals,
Kenneth P Cantor,
Cristina M Villanueva, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Núria Malats,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Debra Silverman,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Disinfection by-products in drinking water are chemical contaminants that have been associated with cancer and other adverse effects. Exposure occurs from consumption of tap water, inhalation and dermal absorption.
We determined the relationship between socioeconomic status and exposure to disinfection by-products in 1271 controls from a multicentric bladder cancer case-control study in Spain. Information on lifetime drinking water sources, swimming pool attendance, showering-bathing practices, and socioeconomic status (education, income) was collected through personal interviews.
The most highly educated subjects consumed less tap water (57%) and more bottled water (33%) than illiterate subjects (69% and 17% respectively, p-value = 0.003). These differences became wider in recent time periods. The time spent bathing or showering was positively correlated with attained educational level (p < 0.001). Swimming pool attendance was more frequent among highly educated subjects compared to the illiterate (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.6-7.3).
The most highly educated subjects were less exposed to chlorination by-products through ingestion but more exposed through dermal contact and inhalation in pools and showers/baths. Health risk perceptions and economic capacity may affect patterns of water consumption that can result in differences in exposure to water contaminants.
Environmental Health 03/2011; 10:18. · 2.65 Impact Factor
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Kenneth P Cantor,
Cristina M Villanueva,
Debra T Silverman,
Jonine D Figueroa,
Francisco X Real,
Monserrat Garcia-Closas,
Nuria Malats,
Stephen Chanock,
Meredith Yeager, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Gemma Castaño-Vinyals,
Claudine Samanic,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bladder cancer has been linked with long-term exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water.
In this study we investigated the combined influence of DBP exposure and polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1, GSTZ1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) genes in the metabolic pathways of selected by-products on bladder cancer in a hospital-based case-control study in Spain.
Average exposures to trihalomethanes (THMs; a surrogate for DBPs) from 15 years of age were estimated for each subject based on residential history and information on municipal water sources among 680 cases and 714 controls. We estimated effects of THMs and GSTT1, GSTZ1, and CYP2E1 polymorphisms on bladder cancer using adjusted logistic regression models with and without interaction terms.
THM exposure was positively associated with bladder cancer: adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.2 (0.8-1.8), 1.8 (1.1-2.9), and 1.8 (0.9-3.5) for THM quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively, relative to quartile 1. Associations between THMs and bladder cancer were stronger among subjects who were GSTT1 +/+ or +/- versus GSTT1 null (P(interaction) = 0.021), GSTZ1 rs1046428 CT/TT versus CC (P(interaction) = 0.018), or CYP2E1 rs2031920 CC versus CT/TT (P(interaction) = 0.035). Among the 195 cases and 192 controls with high-risk forms of GSTT1 and GSTZ1, the ORs for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 of THMs were 1.5 (0.7-3.5), 3.4 (1.4-8.2), and 5.9 (1.8-19.0), respectively.
Polymorphisms in key metabolizing enzymes modified DBP-associated bladder cancer risk. The consistency of these findings with experimental observations of GSTT1, GSTZ1, and CYP2E1 activity strengthens the hypothesis that DBPs cause bladder cancer and suggests possible mechanisms as well as the classes of compounds likely to be implicated.
Environmental Health Perspectives 11/2010; 118(11):1545-50. · 7.04 Impact Factor
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Cristina M Villanueva,
Debra T Silverman,
Núria Malats, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Joan Fortuny,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The authors evaluated potential determinants of the quality of the interview in a case-control study of bladder cancer and assessed the effect of the interview quality on the risk estimates. The analysis included 1,219 incident bladder cancer cases and 1,271 controls recruited in Spain in 1998-2001. Information on etiologic factors for bladder cancer was collected through personal interviews, which were scored as unsatisfactory, questionable, reliable, or high quality by the interviewers. Eight percent of the interviews were unsatisfactory or questionable. Increasing age, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer self-perceived health led to higher proportions of questionable or unreliable interviews. The odds ratio for cigarette smoking, the main risk factor for bladder cancer, was 6.18 (95% confidence interval: 4.56, 8.39) overall, 3.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.13, 9.04) among unsatisfactory or questionable interviews, 6.86 (95% confidence interval: 4.80, 9.82) among reliable interviews, and 7.70 (95% confidence interval: 3.64, 16.30) among high-quality interviews. Similar trends were observed for employment in high-risk occupations, drinking water containing elevated levels of trihalomethanes, and use of analgesics. Higher quality interviews led to stronger associations compared with risk estimation that did not take the quality of interview into account. The collection of quality of interview scores and the exclusion of unreliable interviews probably reduce misclassification of exposure in observational studies.
American journal of epidemiology 06/2009; 170(2):237-43. · 5.59 Impact Factor
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Cristina M Villanueva,
Debra T Silverman,
Cristiane Murta-Nascimento,
Núria Malats,
Montserrat Garcia-Closas,
Francesc Castro, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Francisco X Real,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We evaluated the bladder cancer risk associated with coffee consumption in a case-control study in Spain and examined the gene-environment interactions for genetic variants of caffeine-metabolizing enzymes.
The analyses included 1,136 incident cases with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and 1,138 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for area, age, gender, amount of cigarette smoking, and years since quitting among former smokers.
The OR (95% CI) for ever consumed coffee was 1.25 (0.95-1.64). For consumers of 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more cups/day relative to never drinkers, OR were, respectively, 1.24 (0.92-1.66), 1.11 (95% CI 0.82-1.51), 1.57 (1.13-2.19), and 1.27 (0.88-1.81). Coffee consumption was higher in smokers compared to never smokers. The OR for drinking at least 4 cups/day was 1.13 (0.61-2.09) in current smokers, 1.57 (0.86-2.90) in former smokers, and 1.23 (0.55-2.76) in never smokers. Gene-coffee interactions evaluated in NAT2, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1-02 and CYP1A1 were not identified after adjusting for multiple testing.
We observed a modest increased bladder cancer risk among coffee drinkers that may, in part, be explained by residual confounding by smoking. The findings from the gene-coffee interactions need replication in further studies.
Cancer Causes and Control 10/2008; 20(1):121-7. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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Debra T Silverman,
Juan Alguacil,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Francisco X Real,
Montserrat Garcia-Closas,
Kenneth P Cantor,
Nuria Malats, Adonina Tardon,
Consol Serra,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Alfredo Carrato,
Josep Lloreta,
Claudine Samanic,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Experimental studies suggest that increased urination frequency may reduce bladder cancer risk if carcinogens are present in the urine. Only 2 small studies of the effect of increased urination frequency on bladder cancer risk in humans have been conducted with conflicting results. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of urination frequency on risk of bladder cancer in a large, multicenter case-control study. We analyzed data based on interviews conducted with 884 patients with newly diagnosed, bladder cancer and 996 controls from 1998 to 2001 in Spain. We observed a consistent, inverse trend in risk with increasing nighttime voiding frequency in both men (p = 0.0003) and women (p = 0.07); voiding at least 2 times per night was associated with a significant, 40-50% risk reduction. The protective effect of nocturia was apparent among study participants with low, moderate and high water consumption. The risk associated with cigarette smoking was reduced by nocturia. Compared with nonsmokers who did not urinate at night, current smokers who did not urinate at night had an OR of 7.0 (95% CI = 4.7-10.2), whereas those who voided at least twice per night had an OR of 3.3 (95% CI = 1.9-5.8) (p value for trend = 0.0005). Our findings suggest a strong protective effect of nocturia on bladder cancer risk, providing evidence in humans that bladder cancer risk is related to the contact time of the urothelium with carcinogens in urine. Increased urination frequency, coupled with possible dilution of the urine from increased water intake, may diminish the effect of urinary carcinogens on bladder cancer risk.
International Journal of Cancer 08/2008; 123(7):1644-8. · 5.44 Impact Factor
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Felicidad Espinoza,
Debra Silverman,
Manolis Kogevinas,
Amadeu Creus,
Francisco Fernández,
Montserrat García-Closas, Adonina Tardon,
Reina García-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Nuria Malats,
Ricard Marcos
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Increases in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in exposed cells can be used as a measure of genotoxicity. Hair dyes contain chemicals that are eliminated by urine and could be genotoxic to urothelial cells. To address this question, we evaluated whether hair dye use is associated with an increase in the frequency of MN in urothelial cells, and whether this association is modified by NAT1 (N-acetyltransferase 1), NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 2) and GSTM1 (glutathione-S-transferase M1) genotypes. We included 92 women participating as controls in a bladder cancer case-control study in Spain. Of those, 72 had adequate number of cells to be included in the MN analysis. There were no significant differences in the mean MN frequency in women using hair dyes in the last month (9.88 MN/1000 cells), in comparison with the MN in unexposed women (9.50 MN/1000 cells). No statistically significant differences in MN frequency were observed by type of hair dye or color of the hair dye. Comparison of subjects in the highest quartile of MN frequency (> or = 12 MN/1000 cells) and those in the lowest quartile (< or = 4 MN/1000 cells) suggested an association between hair dye use and elevated MN frequency (OR 14.2 (95% CI 0.81-247.8; P=0.069)). None of the polymorphisms examined significantly modified association between hair dye use and frequency of MN. Findings of an increased frequency of MN in urothelial cells of hair dye users suggest a possible genotoxic effect of hair dye compounds and need confirmation in larger studies.
Cancer Letters 05/2008; 263(2):259-66. · 4.24 Impact Factor
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Gemma Castaño-Vinyals,
Kenneth P Cantor,
Núria Malats, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Roel Vermeulen,
Debra Silverman,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Manolis Kogevinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Air pollution has been associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. We examined whether long-term air pollution is associated with bladder cancer risk.
Information from a case-control study in Spain that included 1219 incident cases and 1271 hospital controls was used. Information on residential history including several indicators of exposure to air pollution and other potential risk factors was collected in a face-to-face computerised personal interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were adjusted for age, gender, region, smoking, occupation, water contaminants and diet.
Living more than 40 years in a city with a population of more than 100 000 was associated with an increased risk for bladder cancer overall (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.63). Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel from industries near the residence, as evaluated by experts, were associated with an increased risk (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.98), while lower or no excess risks were observed for other pollution-related variables. Odds ratios among never smokers tended to be higher than among smokers.
The small to moderate positive associations found for several indices of air pollution and bladder cancer, while suggestive of excess risk, require further evaluation in other settings.
Occupational and environmental medicine 02/2008; 65(1):56-60. · 3.64 Impact Factor
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C Serra,
M Kogevinas,
D T Silverman,
D Turuguet, A Tardon,
R Garcia-Closas,
A Carrato,
G Castaño-Vinyals,
F Fernandez,
P Stewart,
F G Benavides,
S Gonzalez,
A Serra,
N Rothman,
N Malats,
M Dosemeci
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background/
Textile manufacturing is a complex industry that has frequently been associated with bladder cancer. However, results have not been consistent. This study investigated the risk of bladder cancer in Spanish textile workers.
We analysed data from a multicentre hospital-based case-control study carried out in Spain (1998-2001) including 1219 cases of bladder cancer and 1271 controls. Of those, 126 cases and 122 controls reported a history of employment in the textile industry. Lifetime occupational history was obtained using a computer-assisted personal interview. Occupations, locations and materials used in the textile industry were assessed using a detailed questionnaire and expert assessment.
Overall, no increased risk of bladder cancer was found for textile workers, including duration of employment analysis. Increased risks were observed for weavers (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 0.95 to 3.47), for workers in winding/warping/sizing (OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.58 to 10.71) and for those exposed to synthetic materials (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.56). Working for more than 10 years appeared to be associated with an increased risk for weavers (OR 2.27, 95% CI 0.97 to 5.34), for those who had ever worked in winding/warping/sizing (OR 11.03, 95% CI 1.37, 88.89), for workers in the weaving room (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 7.01) and for those exposed to synthetic (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.01) or cotton (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.87) materials. Statistically significant higher risks were also found for specific combinations of occupations or locations with exposure to synthetics and cotton.
There was no overall increased risk for textile workers, but increased risks were found for specific groups of workers. Our findings indicate that observed risks in previous studies may be better evaluated by analysis of materials used or section worked within the industry and occupation.
Occupational and environmental medicine 12/2007; 65(8):552-9. · 3.64 Impact Factor
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Gemma Castaño-Vinyals,
Glenn Talaska,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Juan Alguacil,
Montserrat Garcia-Closas,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Kenneth P Cantor,
Núria Malats,
Francisco X Real,
Debra Silverman,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Manolis Kogevinas,
Roel Vermeulen
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with risk of bladder cancer and with increased bulky DNA adduct levels in several studies, mainly in smokers. We investigated the relation between bulky PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bladder cancer in nonsmoking subjects from a large hospital-based case-control study in Spain. Additionally, we examined the association between DNA adduct formation and several air pollution proxies. The study comprised 76 nonsmoking cases and 76 individually matched controls by sex, region of residence, age, and smoking status (never, former). To maximize the relevance of the DNA adduct measurement as a proxy of PAH exposure, subjects selected had not changed residence, occupation, and major lifestyle factors during the last 10 years. Bulky DNA adducts were measured using the (32)P-postlabeling technique, nuclease P1 treatment. The percentage of detectable adducts was higher in controls (41%) than in cases (32%) with an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.58). In an analysis limited to controls, a higher percentage of DNA adducts was found among those whose last residence was in a big city (50%) compared with those living in villages (19%; P = 0.04). No consistent associations were found for other markers of air pollution. In this study, among nonsmokers with stable environmental and lifestyle factors, bulky DNA adducts were not associated with bladder cancer risk. Results do not support an association of bladder cancer risk with low-level exposure to PAHs as measured through the formation of bulky DNA adducts in peripheral mononuclear cells.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 11/2007; 16(10):2155-9. · 4.12 Impact Factor
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Dominique S Michaud,
Manolis Kogevinas,
Kenneth P Cantor,
Cristina M Villanueva,
Monteserrat Garcia-Closas,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Nuria Malats,
Francisco X Real,
Consol Serra,
Reina Garcia-Closas, Adonina Tardon,
Alfredo Carrato,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Debra T Silverman
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Findings on water and total fluid intake and bladder cancer are inconsistent; this may, in part, be due to different levels of carcinogens in drinking water. High levels of arsenic and chlorinated by-products in drinking water have been associated with elevated bladder cancer risk in most studies. A pooled analysis based on six case-control studies observed a positive association between tap water and bladder cancer but none for nontap fluid intake, suggesting that contaminants in tap water may be responsible for the excess risk.
We examined the association between total fluid and water consumption and bladder cancer risk, as well as the interaction between water intake and trihalomethane (THM) exposure, in a large case-control study in Spain.
A total of 397 bladder cancer cases and 664 matched controls were available for this analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders.
Total fluid intake was associated with a decrease in bladder cancer risk [OR = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-0.95 for highest vs. lowest quintile comparison]. A significant inverse association was observed for water intake (for > 1,399 vs. < 400 mL/day, OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.66; p for trend < 0.0001), but not for other individual beverages. The inverse association between water intake and bladder cancer persisted within each level of THM exposure; we found no statistical interaction (p for interaction = 0.13).
Findings from this study suggest that water intake is inversely associated with bladder cancer risk, regardless of THM exposure level.
Environmental Health Perspectives 11/2007; 115(11):1569-72. · 7.04 Impact Factor
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Mariana F Fernandez,
Jordi Sunyer,
Joan Grimalt,
Marisa Rebagliato,
Ferran Ballester,
Jesus Ibarluzea,
Nuria Ribas-Fitó, Adonina Tardon,
Rosalia Fernandez-Patier,
Maties Torrent,
Nicolas Olea
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ABSTRACT: Prenatal and early life exposure to environmental agents, including dietary exposure, is associated with child health and human development and predisposes to late adult effects. Children are more vulnerable than adults to chemical, physical and biological hazards in air, water and soil, because they are still growing and their immune system and detoxification mechanisms are not fully developed. The physical, social and intellectual development of children from conception to the end of adolescence requires a protected environment that is also protective of their health. Following WHO and European Union recommendations, the Cooperative Environment and Childhood Research Network was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health to study effects of environment and diet on foetal and early childhood development in different geographical areas of Spain. This network integrates different multidisciplinary research groups and is comprised of six cohorts--three pre-existing and three de novo--which will prospectively follow up 3600 pregnant women from start of pregnancy until the children are 4-6-year old.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 06/2007; 210(3-4):491-3. · 3.81 Impact Factor
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Cristina M Villanueva,
Kenneth P Cantor,
Joan O Grimalt,
Nuria Malats,
Debra Silverman, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Gemma Castaño-Vinyals,
Ricard Marcos,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Francisco X Real,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Manolis Kogevinas
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ABSTRACT: Bladder cancer has been associated with exposure to chlorination by-products in drinking water, and experimental evidence suggests that exposure also occurs through inhalation and dermal absorption. The authors examined whether bladder cancer risk was associated with exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) through ingestion of water and through inhalation and dermal absorption during showering, bathing, and swimming in pools. Lifetime personal information on water consumption and water-related habits was collected for 1,219 cases and 1,271 controls in a 1998-2001 case-control study in Spain and was linked with THM levels in geographic study areas. Long-term THM exposure was associated with a twofold bladder cancer risk, with an odds ratio of 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.09, 4.02) for average household THM levels of >49 versus < or =8 micro g/liter. Compared with subjects not drinking chlorinated water, subjects with THM exposure of >35 micro g/day through ingestion had an odds ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.92, 1.99). The odds ratio for duration of shower or bath weighted by residential THM level was 1.83 (95% confidence interval: 1.17, 2.87) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile. Swimming in pools was associated with an odds ratio of 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 2.09). Bladder cancer risk was associated with long-term exposure to THMs in chlorinated water at levels regularly occurring in industrialized countries.
American Journal of Epidemiology 01/2007; 165(2):148-56. · 5.22 Impact Factor
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Manolis Kogevinas,
Francisco Fernandez,
Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Adonina Tardon,
Reina Garcia-Closas,
Consol Serra,
Alfredo Carrato,
Gemma Castano-Vinyals,
Meredith Yeager,
Stephen J Chanock,
Josep Lloreta,
Nathaniel Rothman,
Francisco X Real,
Mustafa Dosemeci,
Nuria Malats,
Debra Silverman
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ABSTRACT: An increased bladder cancer risk has been suggested among users of hair dyes. We evaluated this association among females in a hospital-based case-control study in Spain (152 female incident cases, 166 female controls). The effect of hair dye use was also evaluated among potentially susceptible subgroups defined by NAT1, NAT2, CYP1A2, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes. Use of any hair dye (OR=0.8, CI 0.5-1.4) or of permanent hair dyes (OR=0.8, CI 0.5-1.5) was not associated with increased risk. Small non-significant increases in risks were observed in a lagged analysis that ignores exposures within ten years of diagnosis (OR=1.3, CI 0.8-2.2). No trend in risk with increasing exposure was seen for duration of use, average use or cumulative use. None of the polymorphisms examined significantly modified the hair dye associated risk. Overall, this study does not support an association between hair dye use and bladder cancer.
European Journal of Cancer 08/2006; 42(10):1448-54. · 5.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Several studies have evaluated the relationship between physical activity and lung cancer. To summarize and review these studies, we conducted a meta-analysis of all relevant reports published from 1966 through October 2003.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from the original studies were pooled by the inverse of their variance, and all pooled estimates were accompanied by an assessment of heterogeneity across investigations. Test for linear trend across activity categories (low, moderate, high) were applied.
The combined ORs were 0.87 (95 confidence interval=0.79-0.95) for moderate leisure-time physical activity (LPA) and 0.70 (0.62-0.79) for high activity (p trend = 0.00). This inverse association occurred for both sexes, although it was somewhat stronger for women. No evidence of publication bias was found. Several studies were able to adjust for smoking, but none adjusted for possible confounding from previous malignant respiratory disease. Our simulations suggest that this condition is unlikely to entirely explain the inverse association.
The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that higher levels of LPA protect against lung cancer. The inverse association is possible remains confounded by inadequately controlled smoking patterns. However on the whole, confounding seems an unlikely explanation for the findings of individual studies on non-smokers.
Cancer Causes and Control 06/2005; 16(4):389-97. · 2.88 Impact Factor
