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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine the subjective awareness of everyday dysexecutive function and the 'objective' executive function in individuals with schizotypal personality features. Forty-nine individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) proneness (25 negative schizotypy and 24 non-negative schizotypy were identified using cluster analysis) and 44 non-SPD individuals completed a battery of 'objective' executive function tests and a self-reported Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) on everyday executive problems. The findings showed that individuals with SPD proneness including negative schizotypy and non-negative schizotypy did not have significant worse performance than non-SPD in most of 'objective' executive function tests, but self-reported significantly disproportionate more dysexecutive problems than non-SPD. Furthermore, SPD proneness, especially negative schizotypy was found to give undependable estimation on their everyday dysexecutive function while non-negative schizotypy was not. The current findings suggest that the subjective awareness of dysexecutive function may precede actual 'objective' executive function impairments in a subtype of SPD (non-negative schizotypy) and the subjective complaint of the daily dysexecutive behavior in SPD proneness, especially negative schizotypy might result from their unreliable estimation of executive function.
Psychiatry Research 02/2011; 185(3):340-6. · 2.52 Impact Factor
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Ya Wang,
Raymond C K Chan,
Yong-hong Qing,
Tian-xiao Yang,
Xin Yu, Zhan-jiang Li,
Xiao-hong Hong,
Ji-fang Cui,
Yong-yu Deng,
Qi-yong Gong,
David Shum
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ABSTRACT: Schizophrenia and normal aging have both been associated with structural and physiological changes in the prefrontal and temporal cortex and impairments in prospective memory (PM). This study aimed to compare PM performance in patients with schizophrenia, healthy older, and healthy younger individuals. Computerized event- and time-based PM tasks were administered to 30 patients with schizophrenia, 30 healthy older adults, and 30 healthy younger adults. The healthy older adults and patients with schizophrenia demonstrated deficits in time-based PM when compared with the healthy younger adults. However, only healthy older adults were found to be impaired in event-based PM when compared with the healthy younger adults. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia show a similar pattern of performance on one type but not another type of PM and provide only partial support for the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 11/2010; 25(7):648-55. · 2.18 Impact Factor
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Yu-Tao Xiang,
Xin Ma,
Jin-Yan Lu,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed at determining the mean total sleep time (TST) and the relationship between sleep duration and basic socio-demographic factors and BMI sleep problems in Chinese subjects.
A total of 5926 subjects were randomly selected and interviewed using standardized assessment tools.
The reported mean TST was 7.76 h. Short sleepers were significantly older than medium and long sleepers. There were more urban residents who were short sleepers than medium and long sleepers. Short sleepers reported more sleep problems than medium and long sleepers. Short and long sleepers reported more psychiatric disorders than medium sleepers in both sexes, and short sleepers also had more major medical conditions in women. Short sleepers had a lower BMI than medium and long sleepers after controlling for the effects of age and psychiatric disorders in women.
Nationwide epidemiologic surveys in China are needed to further explore the relationship between sleep duration and sleep problems.
Sleep Medicine 06/2009; 10(10):1085-9. · 3.40 Impact Factor
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Xin Ma,
Yu-Tao Xiang,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Jin-Yan Lu,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the 12-month and lifetime prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its sociodemographic correlates.
A total of 5,926 subjects were randomly selected and interviewed.
The overall 12-month and lifetime prevalence of GAD was 0.8%, and 1.2%, respectively. Being older than 25 years and female, lower education level, unemployed status, and lower (<RMB500/month) or higher (>RMB2000/month) monthly income were associated with increased risk of GAD.
The low percentage of subjects treated for GAD indicates a major public health problem that should be addressed.
Perspectives In Psychiatric Care 04/2009; 45(2):119-27. · 1.30 Impact Factor
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Yu-Tao Xiang,
Xin Ma,
Jin-Yan Lu,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use, episodic heavy drinking, and alcohol dependence and their socio-demographic correlates in Beijing, China. methods: A total of 5,926 subjects were randomly selected in Beijing and interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 1.0). Data on basic socio-demographic and current major medical conditions were also collected.
The 12-month prevalence of alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking were 32.5 and 13.8%, respectively. The 12-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence were 1.7 and 4.3%, respectively. Age above 24 years, male sex, being married and employed, low education level (junior high school, primary school or illiterate), rural residence, and having comorbid psychiatric disorders were all significantly associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol-related disorders. Only 2.4% of the subjects with alcohol dependence were receiving treatment, and a mere 1.4% had sought treatment from mental health professionals.
Nationwide surveys are urgently needed to further explore the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders in China.
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 04/2009; 33(6):1111-8. · 3.34 Impact Factor
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Xin Ma,
Yu-Tao Xiang,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Sandra S M Chan,
Gabor S Ungvari,
Helen F K Chiu
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ABSTRACT: There has been no large-scale survey of suicide-related behaviours including suicidal ideations, plans and attempts in China involving both rural and urban areas and using standardized assessment tools. The aim of the present study was to determine the lifetime prevalence of suicide-related behaviour and its relationship with sociodemographic factors and psychiatric disorders in the rural and urban regions of Beijing, China.
A total of 5926 subjects were randomly selected in Beijing and interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data and data on suicide-related behaviour were also collected.
The overall lifetime prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts were 2.3%, 1.4%, and 1.0%, respectively; the corresponding figures were 2.8%, 1.6%, and 1.3% in the rural sample, and 1.8%, 1.3%, and 0.9% in the urban sample. Age (>25 years), female sex, unmarried status, lower education level, lower (<RMB500 month(-1)) or higher (>RMB2000 month(-1)) monthly income and presence of major medical disorders were significantly associated with increased risk of suicide-related behaviour. 36.2% of subjects with suicide-related behavior consulted a medical practitioner and 20.7% consulted a psychiatrist.
The prevalence of lifetime suicide-related behaviour in Beijing is lower than in Western countries, but the low percentage of subjects treated for suicide-related behaviour indicates a major public health problem that should be addressed. National surveys are needed to further explore the prevalence of suicide-related behaviour in China.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 02/2009; 43(2):158-66. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Neurological soft signs and neurocognitive impairments have long been considered important features of schizophrenia. Previous correlational studies have suggested that there is a significant relationship between neurological soft signs and neurocognitive functions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the underlying relationships between these two distinct constructs with structural equation modeling (SEM).
118 patients with schizophrenia and 160 healthy controls were recruited for the current study. The abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) and a set of neurocognitive function tests were administered to all participants. SEM was then conducted independently in these two samples to examine the relationships between neurological soft signs and neurocognitive functions.
Both the measurement and structural models showed that the models fit well to the data in both patients and healthy controls. The structural equations also showed that there were modest to moderate associations among neurological soft signs, executive attention, verbal memory, and visual memory, while the healthy controls showed more limited associations.
The current findings indicate that motor coordination, sensory integration, and disinhibition contribute to the latent construct of neurological soft signs, whereas the subset of neurocognitive function tests contribute to the latent constructs of executive attention, verbal memory, and visual memory in the present sample. Greater evidence of neurological soft signs is associated with more severe impairment of executive attention and memory functions. Clinical and theoretical implications of the model findings are discussed.
PLoS ONE 01/2009; 4(12):e8469. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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Xin Ma,
Yu-Tao Xiang,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: In China, there is limited information on smoking and its socio-demographic correlates in general, and in psychiatric patients in particular. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of lifetime, current mild, and heavy smoking, the socio-demographic correlates of current smoking, and its relationship with psychiatric disorders in the Beijing municipality, China.
A total of 5926 subjects who met the study's entry criteria were randomly selected from the urban and rural areas of Beijing and interviewed using standardized assessment tools, including the collection of basic socio-demographic and clinical data. All subjects fully cooperated in the interviews and readily disclosed all of the information.
The prevalence of lifetime smoking was 35.9%; the rates for current mild and heavy smoking were 21.8% and 10.8%, respectively. An age of 24 years or above, male sex, married, divorced, separated or widowed marital status, relatively low level of education (less than college level), being employed, a relatively high monthly income (more than RMB500), rural abode, and having a psychiatric disorder were risk factors of current smoking. Both current mild and heavy smoking were significantly associated with alcohol dependence, and current heavy smoking was also associated with a history of a major depressive episode.
The prevalence of smoking in the rural and urban areas of Beijing is unacceptably high. In addition to certain socio-demographic factors, smoking was associated with common psychiatric disorders. Nationwide surveys are warranted to further explore the prevalence of smoking in China. Effective strategies to reduce the high rate of smoking are also needed.
Drug and alcohol dependence 12/2008; 100(1-2):146-52. · 3.60 Impact Factor
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Yu-Tao Xiang,
Xin Ma,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: To determine the prevalence of insomnia, its sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and treatment patterns in Chinese people.
A total of 5,926 subjects were randomly selected in the urban and rural areas of Beijing and interviewed using standardized assessment tools. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected.
Urban and rural regions of Beijing municipality, China. Patients or Participants Adult residents older than 15 years. Interventions N/A.
The prevalence of at least one type of insomnia was 9.2%; the rates of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA) were 7.0%, 8.0%, and 4.9%, respectively. Increased age (age >44 and 24 years in the urban and rural samples, respectively), female sex, married, divorced, separated, or widowed marital status; having a major medical condition; and suffering from a psychiatric disorder were risk factors for all types of insomnia in both the urban and rural samples. A low level of education (primary school or illiteracy) was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of all types of insomnia in the urban sample. Current smokers and current drinkers were less likely to report any type of insomnia in the rural sample. Unemployment was associated with DMS in the urban sample, while it was associated with DIS and DMS in the rural sample. Only 5.4% of the participants with any type of insomnia reported their symptoms to medical practitioners. In contrast, nearly one-third of the subjects with insomnia reported taking benzodiazepines as sleep-enhancing drugs.
Nationwide epidemiologic surveys are needed to further explore the prevalence of insomnia in China. The low percentage of subjects treated for insomnia indicates a major public health problem that should be addressed. Strict controls on use of benzodiazepines are warranted.
Sleep 12/2008; 31(12):1655-62. · 5.05 Impact Factor
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Xin Ma,
Yu-Tao Xiang,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Chuan-Yue Wang,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the 12-month and lifetime prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE) and their socio-demographic correlates in both the urban and rural areas of Beijing, China.
A total of 4767 adults were randomly selected and interviewed in Beijing using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 1.0). Basic socio-demographic and clinical data were collected during the interviews.
The overall 12-month prevalence of MDE was 3.2%; 2.8% and 3.8% for men and women, respectively. The overall lifetime prevalence of MDE was 5.3%; 4.4% and 6.3% for men and women, respectively. Being older than 25 years of age was independently associated with increased risk of MDE. Sixteen point three percent of the subjects with lifetime MDE attempted suicide while the rate of suicide attempts was only 0.2% in subjects without MDE. The percentage of subjects with MDE who received any type of treatment from medical practitioners was 33.1%; of them, only 5.4% sought help from mental health professionals.
National epidemiologic surveys are needed to further explore the prevalence of MDE in China. The low percentage of subjects treated for MDE constitutes a major public health problem that should be urgently addressed.
Journal of affective disorders 11/2008; 115(3):323-30. · 3.76 Impact Factor
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Yu-Tao Xiang,
Xin Ma,
Zhuo-Ji Cai,
Shu-Ran Li,
Ying-Qiang Xiang,
Hong-Li Guo,
Ye-Zhi Hou,
Zhen-Bo Li, Zhan-Jiang Li,
Yu-Fen Tao,
Wei-Min Dang,
Xiao-Mei Wu,
Jing Deng,
Kelly Y C Lai,
Gabor S Ungvari
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ABSTRACT: There has been no large-scale survey of schizophrenia in China involving both rural and urban areas using standardized assessment tools and diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia and its socio-demographic correlates in Beijing, China.
A total of 5926 subjects were randomly selected in Beijing and interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 1.0). Basic socio-demographic and clinical data were collected during the interviews.
The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia was 0.49%, and 0.44% and 0.55% for men and women, respectively. Unmarried status, lower monthly income, urban abode and positive family history were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia; 9.7% of the subjects with lifetime schizophrenia reported a history of suicide attempts. The percentage of subjects with schizophrenia who were receiving treatment and their preference to seek treatment from mental health professionals were 58% and 29%, respectively.
National surveys are urgently needed to further explore the prevalence of schizophrenia in China. The low percentage of subjects treated for schizophrenia is a serious public health issue that should be addressed in the near future.
Schizophrenia Research 08/2008; 102(1-3):270-7. · 4.75 Impact Factor
