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Phisaiphun Wattayang,
Chaiyong Nualyong,
Sunai Leewansangtong, Sittiporn Srinualnad,
Tawatchai Taweemonkongsap,
Bansithi Chaiyaprasithi,
Teerapon Amornvesukit,
Kittipong Phinthusophon,
Siros Jitpraphai,
Buncha Thiptirapong,
Pichaya Sujijantararat,
Suchai Soontrapa
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the results of oncological and functional outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) during the first five years experience in Siriraj hospital.
Between September 2004 and September 2009, the functional and oncological outcomes of 559 patients that underwent LRP were retrospectively evaluated.
The distribution of pathological T stage was T2 (52.1%), T3 (39.9%), and T4 (2.9%). Lymph node metastasis (N1) were found in 19 patients (3.4%). The positive margin rates in pT2a-b, pT2c, pT3a, pT3b and pT4 were 13.2%, 34.7%, 65.9%, 72.7% and 76.9%, respectively. The 3-year biological progression free survival (bPFS) rate for all patients was 87.2%. Three-year bPFS rates in pT2a-b, pT2c, pT3a, pT3b and pT4 were 96.3%, 93%, 75%, 55.6% and 62.5% respectively. The continent rate at 12 months was 84% and potency rate at 12 months in group that received bilateral nerve sparing was 29.1%.
The oncological and functional results of our first LRPs in Thai men are acceptable and compared well with the early experience of previous studies. However, longer follow up is needed for further evaluation.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 08/2011; 94(8):941-6.
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Buncha Thiptirapong,
Sunai Leewansangtong,
Chaiyong Nualyong, Sittiporn Srinualnad,
Tawatchai Taweemonkongsap,
Bansithi Chaiyaprasithi,
Teeraporn Amornvesukit,
Kittipong Phinthusophon,
Siros Jitpraphai,
Phisaiphun Wattayang,
Phichaya Sujijantararat,
Suchai Soontrapa
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate perioperative outcomes and morbidity of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in Siriraj Hospital during a 5-year experience.
Five hundred fifty nine patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) by seven surgeons at Siriraj Hospital between September 2004 and September 2009 were included in the study. Data of perioperative results and postoperative parameters were retrospectively evaluated.
Mean operative time was 257 minutes SD 75 (range 125 to 680 min). The mean operative time of the first 100 cases was significantly higher than of the last 100 cases (307 ml/min SD 95 versus 223 ml/min SD 56; p-value = 0.001). Mean estimated blood loss was 779 ml SD 607 (range 40 to 6,000 ml). Of 559 patients, 148 patients (26.5%) had blood transfusions. The blood transfusion rate in the first 100 cases was significantly higher than those of the last 100 cases (36.5% versus 15%; p-value = 0.016). The median duration of catheterization time was 8 days. The mean time of drain insertion was 4.2 days SD 1.8 (range 2 to 18 days) postoperatively. Hospital stay was 8.8 days SD 7.6 (range 3 to 149 days). Overall perioperative complications rate was 17.1%. Of these patients, 13.4% were minor complication (Clavien 1, 2) and 3.7% were major complication (Clavien 3, 4). There were no mortalities. Late complication rate was 2.1%, which most of them were stricture of anastomosis.
Perioperative outcomes and morbidity of LRP in a 5-year period were acceptable. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is technically demanding with an initially longer operative time and higher blood transfusion rate. The learning curve of the surgical team is needed to achieve good results.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 06/2011; 94(6):693-8.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the surgical outcomes and morbidity of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy compared with open nephrectomy for dialysis dependent patients.
Between November 2002 and August 2007, 14 hemo or peritoneal dialysis patients underwent nephrectomy or nephroureterectomy at Siriraj Hospital. Of the 14 patients, seven were treated with retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy and seven with open nephrectomy. A retrospective review and data were carried out. The patient factors, type of surgery, perioperative outcomes and complications were analyzed.
There was no conversion rate in the retroperitoneoscopic group. The mean estimated blood loss, analgesic requirement and time before starting oral intake were lower in the retroperitoneoscopic group (141.4 +/- 95 versus 292.8 +/- 226 ml, 5.0 +/- 4.5 versus 7.6 +/- 1.9 mg and 14.5 +/- 16.1 versus 23.1 +/- 23.3 hours, respectively). On the other hand, the mean operative time in the retroperitoneoscopic group was longer than the open group but with no significant difference (177.14 +/- 51 versus 160.71 +/- 84 min, p = 0.521). Two patients in the open group required intraoperative blood transfusion. There were two complications. One patient developed a large retroperitoneal hematoma after retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy. Another had a perivesical collection in the open nephrectomy group. No mortality related to the procedures occurred.
Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy should be considered as the procedure of choice for dialysis dependent patients. This has all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery such as reduced blood loss, minimal post operative pain leading to faster convalescence.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 12/2008; 91(11):1719-25.
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Sittiporn Srinualnad
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ABSTRACT: Quality of life after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been a discussed issue among patients. Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALRP) has been shown to provide the best surgical outcomes in terms of potency and continence. The program of robotic prostatectomy was started at Siriraj Hospital. Early result of the author's experience was evaluated.
To evaluate the feasibility of Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy done at Siriraj Hospital.
From March 2007 to November 2007, 34 patients (Group 1) with localized prostate cancer underwent Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALRP). Perioperative data was evaluated and compared to those of 34 patients (group 2) who underwent Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP) during the same period by the same surgeon.
There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Catheterization time was significantly shortened in the RALRP group (p < 0.05). There was no major complication in the RALRP group, one LRP patient suffered bilateral ureteric injuries and required bilateral reimplantation. In pathological T2 patients of the last 17 consecutive cases, positive surgical margin rate was similar (14%) in both groups.
The author early experience has shown that RALRP is feasible and safe. Oncological outcome can be improved with more experience and long term follow up is needed to evaluate functional outcome including potency rate and incontinence rate.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 04/2008; 91(3):377-82.
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ABSTRACT: To determine the surgical and oncologic outcomes in patients who underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (RNU) in comparison to standard open nephroureterectomy (ONU) for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
From April 2001 to January 2007, 60 total nephroureterectomy were performed for upper tract TCC at Siriraj Hospital. Of the 60 patients, thirty-one were treated with RNU and open bladder cuff excision, and twenty-nine with ONU. Our data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. The recorded data included sex, age, history of bladder cancer, type of surgery, tumor characteristics, postoperative course, disease recurrence and progression.
The mean operative time was longer in the RNU group than in the ONU group (258.8 versus 190.6 min; p = 0. < 001). On the other hand, the mean blood loss and the dose of parenteral analgesia (morphine sulphate) were lower in the RNU group (289.3 versus 313.7 ml and 2.05 versus 6.72 mg; p = 0.868 and p = 0.018, respectively). There were two complications in each group. No significant difference in p stage and grade in both-groups (p = 0.951, p = 0.077). One patient with RNU had lymph node involvement, three in ONU. Mean follow up was 26.4 months (range 3-72) for RNU and 27.9 months (range 3-63) for ONU. No port metastasis occurred during follow up in RNU group. Tumor recurrence developed in 11 patients (bladder recurrence in 9 patients, local recurrence in 2 patients) in the RNU group and 14 patients (bladder recurrence in 13 patients, local recurrence in 1 patient) in the ONU group. No significant difference was detected in the tumor recurrence rate between the two procedures (p = 0.2716). Distant metastases developed in 3 patients (9.7%) after RNU and 2 patients (6.9%) after ONU. The 2 year disease specific survival rate after RNU and ONU was 86.3% and 92.5%, respectively (p = 0.8227).
Retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy is less invasive than open surgery and is an oncological feasible operation. Thus, the results of our study supported the continued development of laparoscopic technique in the management of upper tract TCC.
World Journal of Surgical Oncology 01/2008; 6:3. · 1.12 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare the perioperative results between Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (T-LRP) and Extraperitoneal Endoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (E-LRP).
Retrospective reviews of 125 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by single surgeon (C.N) for stage T2-T3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate between May 2001 and July 2006 at Siriraj Hospital. Fifty-six cases had T-LRP and 69 cases had E-LRP The preoperative data (age, presenting PSA, and Gleason score), perioperative data (prostatic weight, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, the day of full oral diet, length of drain, and catheter time), pathologic stage, and margin status were compared.
Mean age and Gleason score were comparable in both groups. Mean presenting PSA was lower in T-LRP (9.93) as compared to E-LRP (21.84) (p = 0.046). The mean prostatic weight was comparable in both T-LRP and E-LRP. The mean operative time of T-LRP (350) was significant longer than E-LRP (220) (p < 0.001). Mean intraoperative blood loss was more in T-LRP (883) as compared to E-LRP (605) (p = 0.001). Average blood transfusion was higher in T-LRP (1.23 unit) as compared to E-LRP (0.32). Postoperative full oral diet, length of drain, and catheter time in E-LRP were shorter than T-LRP (full diet: median 2 days vs. 3 days, p = 0.001) (length of drain: 4.98 days vs. 6.69 days, p = 0.002) (Catheter time: 8.9 days vs. 11.9 days, p = 0.002). Margin status were comparable in both groups but mean postoperative Gleason score was higher in E-LRP as compared to T-LRP (7.2 vs. 6.85, p = 0.022).
E-LRP resulted in significant less operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative oral diet, length of drain and catheter time where as the pathological margin status was the same in both T-LRP and E-LRP.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 01/2008; 90(12):2644-50.
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ABSTRACT: The transperitoneal approach is the conventional technique for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. There are, however, several disadvantages of the approach, such as damage to intraperitoneal organs and long-term ileus. To prevent these complications, we propose an extraperitoneal approach that has been successfully used for open radical prostatectomy in treating patients with localized prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (ELRP). The outcomes of ELRP and open radical prostatectomy were also assessed and compared.
There were two groups of patients with localized prostate cancer confirmed by transrectal ultrasound biopsy. Patients were included if they had no previous hormonal treatment and no previous transurethral prostatectomy. Group I comprised patients in whom open radical prostatectomy was performed between February 2001 and August 2005 ( n = 55). Group II comprised patients in whom ELRP was performed between December 2005 and October 2006 (n = 41). Early postoperative results, clinical outcomes and complications were analysed among the two groups using Chi-squared, t and Mann-Whitney tests.
Group I and Group II did not show significant differences regarding age, clinical staging, hospitalization time, or pathological stage. Group II had a longer mean operative time than Group I (t test, p< 0.001). Median blood loss was significantly less in Group I (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.001). Group II also demonstrated shorter catheter removal time (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.003). In Group II, there were two rectal complications, including rectal injury and rectal necrosis, which were treated laparoscopically and conservatively without long-term problems.
With experience, ELRP is feasible with equal oncological outcomes to open radical prostatectomy. Although a certain disadvantage was presented by ELRP, the less invasive surgery and reduction in operative blood loss were major advantages. It is suggested that a large and longitudinal trial be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of such an approach in managing functional outcomes.
Asian Journal of Surgery 10/2007; 30(4):272-7. · 0.57 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors report the first case series of conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Thailand Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was successfully performed in two patients with small renal tumors. The first patient underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a 3.8 x 3.3 cm renal mass. Intraoperative blood loss was 100 ml with warm ischemic time of 38 minutes. Pathological report showed renal cell carcinoma. The patient proceeded with laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, as surgical margin was not free. The second patient underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a 1.8 x 2.4 cm renal mass. Intra-operative blood loss was 200 ml with clamping time of 45 minutes. Pathological report showed angiomylipoma. Using two different approaches of laparoscopy, namely, transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches, patients gained benefit from small incision and fast recovery.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 07/2007; 90(6):1225-30.
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ABSTRACT: Quality of life after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been a discussed issue among patients. Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy has been shown to be superior to non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy in terms of potency and continence. The authors have reported their experience of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and now developed our technique of nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
To evaluate the feasibility of nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy done at our institute.
From December 2005 to August 2006, 28 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent a nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Perioperative data was compared to those 34 patients who underwent non-nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy during the same period. All patients had PSA of less than 10 and pre-operative Gleason Score of 7 or less. Quality of life including incontinence and impotency rates was analyzed during three months post-operation.
Patients' dermographic data, except ages, was similar in the two groups. Operating time was not different (217 vs. 212 minutes in favor of nerve-sparing). Blood loss was significantly high in nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (814 mls vs. 543 mls, p = 0.01). Tumor control was not different within both groups. Three months after surgery incontinent rates of both groups were not different. 43.75% of patients with nerve-sparing technique had experienced erection at three months after surgery.
The authors' early experience has shown that nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not compromise cancer control, although blood loss is higher. This operation should be encouraged in cancer-localized patients as the patients may gain benefit of better quality of life.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 05/2007; 90(4):730-6.
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ABSTRACT: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is usually performed by transperitoneal approach. Patients may encounter; intraperitoneal organs injury, and prolonged ileus during recovery period. The authors firstly performed endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE) in Thailand, which is mimicking open radical prostatectomy, the gold standard for treatment of localized prostate cancer.
Assess and evaluate the feasibility and early outcomes of the authors' experience in endoscopic extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (EERPE).
From December 2005 to May 2006, 27 cases of EERPE were performed at the authors' institute for clinically localized prostate cancer by one surgeon (group I). Operative data was compared to those 55 patients who underwent open radical prostatectomy from February 2001 to August 2005 for early prostate cancer by the same surgeon (group II). Early postoperative results, clinical outcomes and complication were analyzed between the two groups using Chi-Square, student unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Patients' age and clinical staging were not different between the two groups. Mean operative time was longer in the EERPE group (268 minutes vs 157 minutes; p < 0.01). Median blood loss was 500 mls and 1000 mls in the EERPE and open groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The likelihood of transfusion rate in the open group was higher than the EERPE group, with odd ratio of 8.75 (95%CI = 2.09-39.86), p = 0.001. Hospitalization time and pathological stage were not different between the two groups. In the EERPE group, there were two rectal complications, including rectal injury and rectal necrosis, which were treated laparoscopically and conservatively without long-term problems.
The authors' early experience has shown that EERPE is feasible. Although operative time was longer; the patients may gain benefit of minimally invasive surgery and decreased operative blood loss. In EERPE group, oncological outcomes are equal to open surgery, however more cases and long-term follow up are required to evaluate the efficacy of such an approach.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 11/2006; 89(10):1601-8.
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ABSTRACT: To describe the use of nonabsorbable polymer ligating (NPL) clips to prevent recurrence after laparoscopic lymphocele fenestration and to determine the efficacy and safety of this treatment in renal-transplant patients at our center.
From December 2000 to October 2005, nine patients with a mean age of 38.5 years (range 26-54 years) and symptomatic lymphoceles were treated laparoscopically among 144 renal-transplant patients. The overall incidence of symptomatic lymphocele was 6.2% (9/144). The mean time from transplantation to diagnosis was 55.5 days (range 20-98 days). Patient and lymphocele characteristics, complications, recurrence rate, and outcomes of this procedure were analyzed retrospectively.
Laparoscopic treatment was successful in eight patients; the other was converted to open surgery. One patient sustained an allograft-ureteral injury. The mean operative time was 90.7 minutes (range 75-120 minutes), and the mean postoperative stay was 4.1 days (range 1-7 days). Lymphocele recurrence was found in the first two patients after laparoscopic surgery without NPL clips. With a mean follow-up of 42.3 months (range 31-51 months), no recurrence was observed in patients in whom NPL clips were used to maintain the patency of the peritoneal window. No late laparoscopy-related complications occurred.
Laparoscopic lymphocele fenestration with NPL clips is a safe, technically easy, and efficacious procedure for the treatment of symptomatic lymphoceles after renal transplantion.
Journal of Endourology 10/2006; 20(9):654-8. · 1.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Several published series from Western countries have demonstrated that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a safe and feasible approach to the management of localized prostate cancer. The authors report the initial experience with the first 56 cases of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Between June 2001 and November 2005, 56 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Their mean (range) age was 64.98 (50-77) years, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 9.92 (2.1-33.8) ng/ml, and Gleason sum was 6.28 (3-8).
Complete laparoscopic removal of the prostate was achieved in 47 cases and conversions to open surgery were needed in 9 cases. The mean (range) operating time was 350 (200- 750) min. and blood loss was 883 (200-2050) ml. The transfusion rate was 27.6%. Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was done in 31 cases and all were negative. The positive surgical margin rate was 29.8%. There were 20 postoperative complications; catheter dislodged (2), urine leakage more than 2 weeks (5), peroneal nerve numbness (1), flank hematoma (1), pelvic collection (1), late recto-urethral fistula (1), anastomotic stricture (2), port site hernia (1), and inguinal hernia (6). Median catheter time was 7 (6-90) days. The complete continence rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were 27.7%, 55.9% and 72.2%.
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a demanding procedure that is a feasible option for the surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer Intraoperative results were improved once experience was gained. Some parameters of the present results, i.e. transfusion rate, positive surgical margin and continence rate were still inferior compared to those reported by other centers.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 10/2006; 89(9):1440-6.
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ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer is a potential men's health problem. The prevalence of prostate cancer continues to rise. Serum PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) can be used as a screening tool for detection of early prostate cancer However, a screening program for prostate cancer has not yet been accepted as cost-effective and long term survival benefits have not been shown. Nevertheless, some doctors request PSA testing in men who present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to detect prostate cancer
To study for prevalence of prostate cancer in healthy men seeking medical check-up for prostate cancer.
During the anniversary celebration of Siriraj established day (26/07/1888), a cohort study of Prevalence of prostate cancer in aging males using PSA Screening Test was carried out, 200 men over 45 years of age were invited to PSA testing and prostate glands check-up including, IPSS (international prostatic symptoms score), QOL (quality of life score) and DRE (digital rectal examination). Patients with elevated PSA were advised to undergo transrectal-ultrasound-guided-biopsy of the prostate (TRUS-biopsy). Cancer detection rate was calculated according to symptoms described by patients, IPSS and age groups. Data was compared using Chi-Square test.
Median values from data of men's ages, IPSS, QOL and PSA were 63 years, 11, 2, and 1.23 ng/ml, respectively. 9 of 200 patients (4.5%) were found to have prostate adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Most of the cancer cases showed a localized lesion. Prostate cancer was found more common in patients who described themselves as having abnormal urination. There was no prostate cancer found in patients with a mild degree of LUTS (IPSS less than 8). Prostate cancer tended to be more common in men with high IPSS.
Screening prostate cancer by PSA testing detected the cancer in 4.5%. Most cancers were found on symptomatic patients. Patients with LUTS should be made aware of prostate cancer and PSA testing may be offered in such patients. However screening of prostate cancer in all men regardless of symptoms must wait for a larger study looking at long term survival benefit, cost-effectiveness of screening, and lastly, quality of life of patients on a screening program.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 02/2006; 89(1):37-42.
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ABSTRACT: To assess the morbidity of radical prostatectomy in Thai patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer
A total of 151 patients with prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy at Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, between 1994 to 2003. Operative complications and long term morbidity were evaluated with clinical stage T1, T2 and T3.
Mean operative duration, blood loss and blood transfusion were 162 minutes (range 71-540), 1088 ml (range 200-4000) and 1.7 unit (range 0-12), respectively. Of 151 patients, 139 (92.6%) did not have perioperative complications and 42 (2 7.8%) did not have blood transfusion. Of 12 patients with morbidity, all patients were safely managed. There was no mortality. Of 140 patients with follow up results, 131 (93.7%) had no incontinence. Seven patients had mild stress incontinence. Only 2 patients had a significant incontinence. Eight patients had stricture of anatomosis. Strictures were simply managed with dilatation. There was no significant difference of operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, incontinence and stricture parameters among clinical T stage (all p value > 0. 05).
Radical prostatectomy in Thai men is not a high morbidity surgery in terms of immediate complications and long term morbidity. For clinical T3 prostate cancer, morbidity is not significantly higher than in patients with clinical localized disease.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 12/2005; 88(12):1833-7.
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ABSTRACT: Radical prostatectomy remains the standard treatment for early prostate cancer. Few data in the literature are from South East Asia. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of radical prostatectomy in Thai men.
A total of 151 patients with prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, between 1994 and 2003. Clinical staging, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score were evaluated with pathological stage and margin status. Follow-up PSA monitoring and survival were analysed.
Of 121 patients with clinical localized disease, 79 (65.3%), 40 (33.1%) and two (1.6%) had localized, locally advanced and metastatic disease, respectively, on pathology. The chance of localized disease with a preoperative PSA of 10 ng/mL or less, more than 10-50 ng/mL and more than 50 ng/mL was 75.5%, 50% and 12.5%, respectively (all p < 0.001). The chance of localized disease with a Gleason score of 2-4, 5-7 and 8-10 was 85%, 55.1% and 20.8%, respectively (all p < 0.02). Mean follow-up was 30 months. Among 140 evaluable patients, 51 (36.4%) had adjuvant therapy and 136 (97.1%) had undetectable PSA without clinical progression. The cumulative PSA progression-free survival among patients with pathological T1N0, T2N0 and T3N0 disease was 0.83 at 82 months, 0.48 at 85 months and 0.31 at 57 months, respectively.
Radical prostatectomy in Thai men shows excellent results. The trend is the same as in Western series. The chance of organ-confined disease and free margin was high in patients with clinical T2 or less, PSA less than 10 ng/mL and low Gleason score. PSA progression-free survival was high in patients with organ-confined disease.
Asian Journal of Surgery 11/2005; 28(4):286-90. · 0.57 Impact Factor
