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ABSTRACT: Background
Declines in gastric cancer (GC) incidence and mortality have been related to improvements in diet. It is therefore important to consider dietary patterns.DesignWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature through Medline and Embase databases.ResultsWe identified 16 papers, of these 9 derived dietary patterns through an a posteriori method, 5 through a priori scores, and 2 used both approaches. Eight studies that used the a posteriori approach were considered for the meta-analysis. A favorable role on GC emerged for the 'Prudent/healthy', with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.90], for the highest versus the lowest category. Similar results emerged for separate anatomical subtypes. An unfavorable role on GC emerged for the 'Western/unhealthy' dietary pattern, with an OR of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.21-1.89). This association was weaker for the distal/NOS (not otherwise specified) category (OR = 1.36) compared with the cardia GC (OR = 2.05). Among the a priori scores, the ORs ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 for the favorable and from 1.8 to 6.9 for the unfavorable ones.Conclusion
There is a ∼2-fold difference in GC risk between a 'Prudent/healthy' diet-rich in fruits and vegetables, and a 'Western/unhealthy' diet-rich in starchy foods, meat and fats.
Annals of Oncology 03/2013; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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Annals of Oncology 03/2013; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background Estimated cancer mortality statistics were published for the years 2011 and 2012 for the European Union (EU) and its six more populous countries. Patients and methods Using logarithmic Poisson count data joinpoint models and the World Health Organization mortality and population database, we estimated numbers of deaths and age-standardized (world) mortality rates (ASRs) in 2013 from all cancers and selected cancers. Results The 2013 predicted number of cancer deaths in the EU is 1 314 296 (737 747 men and 576 489 women). Between 2009 and 2013, all cancer ASRs are predicted to fall by 6% to 140.1/100 000 in men, and by 4% to 85.3/100 000 in women. The ASRs per 100 000 are 6.6 men and 2.9 women for stomach, 16.7 men and 9.5 women for intestines, 8.0 men and 5.5 women for pancreas, 37.1 men and 13.9 women for lung, 10.5 men for prostate, 14.6 women for breast, and 4.7 for uterine cancer, and 4.2 and 2.6 for leukaemia. Recent trends are favourable except for pancreatic cancer and lung cancer in women. Conclusions Favourable trends will continue in 2013. Pancreatic cancer has become the fourth cause of cancer death in both sexes, while in a few years lung cancer will likely become the first cause of cancer mortality in women as well, overtaking breast cancer.
Annals of Oncology 03/2013; 24(3):792-800. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background
To update and compare mortality from primary liver cancer (PLC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in Europe in 1990-2010.Materials and methodsWe used data from the World Health Organization (WHO) to compute age-standardized (world population) mortality rates, and used joinpoint analysis to identify substantial changes.ResultsBetween 2002 and 2007, PLC rates in the European Union (EU) declined from 3.9 to 3.6/100 000 men. Around 2007, the highest male rates were in France (6.2/100 000), Spain (4.9), and Italy (4.0), while the lowest ones were in Sweden (1.1), the Netherlands (1.2), and the UK (1.8). In women, mortality was lower (0.8/100 000 in 2007 in the EU), and showed more favourable trends, with a decline of over 2% per year over the last two decades as compared with 0.4% in men, in the EU. In contrast, the EU mortality from ICC increased by around 9% in both sexes from 1990 to 2008, reaching rates of 1.1/100 000 men and 0.75/100 000 women. The highest rates were in UK, Germany, and France (1.2-1.5/100 000 men, 0.8-1.1/100 000 women).ConclusionsPLC mortality has become more uniform across Europe over recent years, with an overall decline; in contrast, ICC mortality has substantially increased in most Europe.
Annals of Oncology 02/2013; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been associated to diabetes and obesity, but a possible association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its potential interaction with hepatitis is open to discussion.Methods:We analysed data from an Italian case-control study, including 185 HCC cases and 404 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from unconditional logistic regression models.Results:Among the MetS components, diabetes and obesity (i.e, body mass index (BMI)30 kg m(-2)) were positively associated to HCC risk, with ORs of 4.33 (95% CI, 1.89-9.86) and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.03-3.79), respectively. The ORs for the MetS were 4.06 (95% CI, 1.33-12.38) defining obesity as BMI25, and 1.92 (95% CI, 0.38-9.76) defining it as BMI30. The risk increased with the number of MetS components, up to an almost four-fold excess risk among subjects with 2 MetS factors. Among subjects without chronic infection with hepatitis B and/or C, the OR for those with 2 MetS components was over six-fold elevated. There was no consistent association in subjects with serological evidence of hepatitis B and/or C infection.Conclusion:This study found that the risk of HCC increases with the number of MetS components in subjects not chronically infected with hepatitis viruses.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 20 November 2012; doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.492www.bjcancer.com.
British Journal of Cancer 11/2012; · 5.04 Impact Factor
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C Galeone,
S Malerba,
M Rota,
V Bagnardi,
E Negri,
L Scotti,
R Bellocco,
G Corrao,
P Boffetta, C La Vecchia,
C Pelucchi
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ABSTRACT: Background
Alcohol is capable of traversing the blood-brain barrier and is thus a possible risk factor for brain cancer. Several epidemiological studies have been published on the issue, a number of those during recent years, with inconsistent findings.Materials and methodsWe performed a systematic literature search in the Medline and EMBASE databases. We found a total of 19 studies providing risk estimates for total alcohol or specific alcoholic beverages. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsThe pooled RR of brain cancer for alcohol drinkers versus non-drinkers was 0.97 (95% CI 0.82-1.15; based on 12 studies). Moderate (<2 drinks/day) and heavy alcohol drinkers had RRs of 1.01 (95% CI 0.81-1.25) and 1.35 (95% CI 0.85-2.15), respectively. With reference to specific alcoholic beverages, the RRs were 1.01 (95% CI 0.70-1.48) for wine, 0.96 (95% CI 0.82-1.12) for beer, and 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.42) for spirit consumption. The RRs for drinkers versus non-drinkers were 0.93 (95% CI 0.81-1.07) for glioma and 0.71 (95% CI 0.45-1.12) for meningioma.Conclusions
Alcohol drinking does not appear to be associated with adult brain cancer, though a potential effect of high doses deserves further study.
Annals of Oncology 10/2012; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background
The relationship between diet and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) has been investigated through dietary patterns.DesignPublished studies on the relationship between a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns and UADT cancers were selected through a Medline search.ResultsTwenty-four case-control studies were identified. Most of them identified a posteriori dietary patterns, mainly using principal component factor analysis, and a few used a priori dietary patterns, based on the available evidence on known effects of dietary habits on UADT cancers. In one study, no association was found between the identified patterns and UADT cancers. All the remaining 23 papers reported at least one favorable or unfavorable dietary pattern related to UADT cancers. The most consistent findings are the beneficial role of a dietary pattern based on fruit and vegetables or nutrients mostly contained in such foods, and the unfavorable role of an alcohol drinker pattern. A possible unfavorable role of patterns based on meats and animal products emerged as well.Conclusion
The consistency of results among populations indicates that diets rich in fruit and vegetables, and poor in alcohol and animal products are favorable for UADT cancers.
Annals of Oncology 09/2012; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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J Polesel,
E Negri,
D Serraino,
M Parpinel,
L Barzan,
M Libra,
C Bosetti,
W Garavello,
M Montella, C La Vecchia,
S Franceschi,
R Talamini
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ABSTRACT: Background:Dietary habits have been related to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but information on a wide range of macro- and micronutrients is still lacking, particularly for low-incidence countries.Methods:We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Italy on 198, histologically confirmed, NPC cases of Caucasian ethnicity of 18-76 years of age. Controls were 594 Caucasian cancer-free patients admitted to general hospitals for acute conditions. Nutrients intake was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through logistic regression.Results:Dietary intake of carotenoids were inversely related to NPC risk, notably carotene (OR for highest vs lowest quartile=0.46; 95% CI: 0.26-0.79), α-carotene (OR=0.57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.97), and β-carotene (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.24-0.75). Increased NPC risk was observed for elevate cholesterol intake (OR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.12-3.05).Conclusion:Study findings suggest a protective effect of carotenoids against NPC in a low-risk population, adding further support to a possible beneficial role of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables in cancers of the head and neck.
British Journal of Cancer 09/2012; 107(9):1580-3. · 5.04 Impact Factor
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F Turati,
W Garavello,
I Tramacere,
C Pelucchi,
C Galeone,
V Bagnardi,
G Corrao,
F Islami,
V Fedirko,
P Boffetta, C La Vecchia,
E Negri
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ABSTRACT: AIMS: To quantify the magnitude of the association between alcohol and oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) by sex, smoking habits, type of alcoholic beverage and other factors. METHODS: We combined findings from all case-control and cohort studies published until September 2010 and present in this article the results classified by these factors, using a meta-analytic approach. Summary relative risks (RRs) were obtained using random-effects models; heterogeneity was assessed using the χ(2) test. RESULTS: The association between alcohol and OPC risk was similar in men and women, with similar dose-response relationships. No notable differences were found with respect to geographic area and other factors, both for drinking overall and heavy (≥4 drinks/day) drinking. Among never/non-current smokers, the pooled RRs were 1.32 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.05-1.67) for drinking, and 2.54 (95% CI, 1.80-3.58) for heavy drinking. The corresponding RRs in smokers were 2.92 (95% CI, 2.31-3.70) and 6.32 (95% CI, 5.05-7.90). The pooled RRs for any drinking irrespective of smoking were 2.12 (95% CI, 1.37-3.29) for wine-, 2.43 (95% CI, 1.92-3.07) for beer- and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.78-2.98) for spirits-only drinking. The corresponding RRs for heavy drinking were 4.92 (95% CI, 2.80-8.65), 4.20 (95% CI, 1.43-12.38) and 5.20 (95% CI, 2.77-9.78). CONCLUSION: The alcohol-related RRs are similar with respect to sex, geographic area and type of alcoholic beverage. The association between alcohol and OPC is stronger in smokers than in non-smokers.
Alcohol and Alcoholism 09/2012; · 2.95 Impact Factor
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V Bagnardi,
M Rota,
E Botteri,
I Tramacere,
F Islami,
V Fedirko,
L Scotti,
M Jenab,
F Turati,
E Pasquali,
C Pelucchi,
R Bellocco,
E Negri,
G Corrao,
J Rehm,
P Boffetta, C La Vecchia
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ABSTRACT: Background
There is convincing evidence that alcohol consumption increases the risk of cancer of the colorectum, breast, larynx, liver, esophagus, oral cavity and pharynx. Most of the data derive from studies that focused on the effect of moderate/high alcohol intakes, while little is known about light alcohol drinking (up to 1 drink/day).Patients and methodsWe evaluated the association between light drinking and cancer of the colorectum, breast, larynx, liver, esophagus, oral cavity and pharynx, through a meta-analytic approach. We searched epidemiological studies using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and EMBASE, published before December 2010.ResultsWe included 222 articles comprising ∼92 000 light drinkers and 60 000 non-drinkers with cancer. Light drinking was associated with the risk of oropharyngeal cancer [relative risk, RR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.29], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (RR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.09-1.56) and female breast cancer (RR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.08). We estimated that ∼5000 deaths from oropharyngeal cancer, 24 000 from esophageal SCC and 5000 from breast cancer were attributable to light drinking in 2004 worldwide. No association was found for colorectum, liver and larynx tumors.Conclusions
Light drinking increases the risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus and female breast.
Annals of Oncology 08/2012; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background
The incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (EGCA) have increased over recent years in several countries, and overweight/obesity has been suggested to play a major role in these trends. In fact, higher body mass index (BMI) has been positively associated with EGCA in several studies.Material and methodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies on the BMI and EGCA updated to March 2011. We estimated overall relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for BMI between 25 and 30 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), when compared with normo-weight subjects, using random-effects models.ResultsWe identified 22 studies, including almost 8000 EGCA cases. The overall RR was 1.71 (95% CI 1.50-1.96) for BMI between 25 and 30, and was 2.34 (95% CI 1.95-2.81) for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2). The continuous RR for an increment of 5 kg/m(2) of BMI was 1.11 (95% CI 1.09-1.14). The association was stronger for esophageal adenocarcinoma (RR for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) = 2.73, 95% CI 2.16-3.46) than for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (RR for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) = 1.93, 95% CI 1.52-2.45). No substantial differences emerged across strata of sex and geographic areas.Conclusion
Overweight and obesity are strongly related to EGCA, particularly to espophageal adenocarcinoma.
Annals of Oncology 08/2012; · 6.43 Impact Factor
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A Tavani,
S Malerba,
C Pelucchi,
L Dal Maso,
A Zucchetto,
D Serraino,
F Levi,
M Montella,
S Franceschi,
A Zambon, C La Vecchia
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ABSTRACT: Background Folate deficiency leads to DNA damage and inadequate repair, caused by a decreased synthesis of thymidylate and purines. We analyzed the relationship between dietary folate intake and the risk of several cancers. Patients and methods The study is based on a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland in 1991-2009. The odds ratios (ORs) for dietary folate intake were estimated by multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for major identified confounding factors. Results For a few cancer sites, we found a significant inverse relation, with ORs for an increment of 100 μg/day of dietary folate of 0.65 for oropharyngeal (1467 cases), 0.58 for esophageal (505 cases), 0.83 for colorectal (2390 cases), 0.72 for pancreatic (326 cases), 0.67 for laryngeal (851 cases) and 0.87 for breast (3034 cases) cancers. The risk estimates were below unity, although not significantly, for cancers of the endometrium (OR = 0.87, 454 cases), ovary (OR = 0.86, 1031 cases), prostate (OR = 0.91, 1468 cases) and kidney (OR = 0.88, 767 cases), and was 1.00 for stomach cancer (230 cases). No material heterogeneity was found in strata of sex, age, smoking and alcohol drinking. Conclusions Our data support a real inverse association of dietary folate intake with the risk of several common cancers.
Annals of Oncology 08/2012; 23(10):2737-42. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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E J Duell,
E Lucenteforte,
S H Olson,
P M Bracci,
D Li,
H A Risch,
D T Silverman,
B T Ji,
S Gallinger,
E A Holly, [......],
H B Bueno-de-Mesquita,
P Ghadirian,
R C Kurtz,
E Ludwig,
H Yu,
A B Lowenfels,
D Seminara,
G M Petersen, C La Vecchia,
P Boffetta
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ABSTRACT: Background Pancreatitis is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer; however, an unknown fraction of the disease is thought to be a consequence of tumor-related duct obstruction. Patients and methods A pooled analysis of a history of pancreatitis and risk of pancreatic cancer was carried out considering the time interval between diagnoses and potential modification by covariates. Adjusted pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from 10 case-control studies (5048 cases of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 10 947 controls) taking part in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4). Results The association between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer was nearly three-fold at intervals of >2 years between diagnoses (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.96-3.74) and much stronger at intervals of ≤2 years (OR: 13.56, 95% CI: 8.72-21.90) probably reflecting a combination of reverse causation and antecedent misdiagnosis of pancreas cancer as pancreatitis. The younger (<65 years) pancreatic cancer cases showed stronger associations with previous (>2 years) pancreatitis (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.53-6.04) than the older (≥65 years) cases (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02-2.76; P value for interaction: 0.006). Conclusions Despite a moderately strong association between pancreatitis (diagnosed before >2 years) and pancreatic cancer, the population attributable fraction was estimated at 1.34% (95% CI: 0.612-2.07%), suggesting that a relatively small proportion of pancreatic cancer might be avoided if pancreatitis could be prevented.
Annals of Oncology 07/2012; 23(11):2964-70. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Aspirin has been associated to a reduced risk of colorectal and possibly of a few other common cancers.
To provide an up-to-date quantification of this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of all observational studies on aspirin and 12 selected cancer sites published up to September 2011.
Regular aspirin is associated with a statistically significant reduced risk of colorectal cancer [summary relative risk (RR) from random effects models = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.79], and of other digestive tract cancers (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.50-0.76, for squamous cell esophageal cancer; RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.52-0.78, for esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma; and RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54-0.83, for gastric cancer), with somewhat stronger reductions in risk in case-control than in cohort studies. Modest inverse associations were also observed for breast (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.95) and prostate cancer (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.96), while lung cancer was significantly reduced in case-control studies (0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.98) but not in cohort ones (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.92-1.05). No meaningful overall associations were observed for cancers of the pancreas, endometrium, ovary, bladder, and kidney.
Observational studies indicate a beneficial role of aspirin on colorectal and other digestive tract cancers; modest risk reductions were also observed for breast and prostate cancer. Results are, however, heterogeneous across studies and dose-risk and duration-risk relationships are still unclear.
Annals of Oncology 04/2012; 23(6):1403-15. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The role of alcohol consumption in relation with renal cell carcinoma is still unclear; a few studies have reported a beneficial effect of moderate levels of alcohol consumption, whereas it remains still under debate whether there is a dose-response association.
Twenty observational studies (4 cohort, 1 pooled and 15 case-control) reporting results on at least three levels of alcohol consumption were selected through a combined search with PubMed and EMBASE of articles published before November 2010. Overall relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models, and both second-order fractional polynomials and random effect meta-regression models were implemented for the study of dose-risk relation.
The estimated RRs were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80-0.92) for any alcohol drinking, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83-0.97) for light drinking (0.01-12.49 g/day), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.88) for moderate drinking (12.5-49.9 g/day) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.58-1.39) for heavy drinking (≥50 g/day), respectively.
Our meta-analysis supports the hypothesis of a negative effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of renal cell cancer.
Annals of Oncology 03/2012; 23(9):2235-44. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Estimating current cancer mortality figures is important for defining priorities for prevention and treatment. Materials and methods: Using logarithmic Poisson count data joinpoint models on mortality and population data from the World Health Organization database, we estimated numbers of deaths and age-standardized rates in 2012 from all cancers and selected cancer sites for the whole European Union (EU) and its six more populated countries.
Cancer deaths in the EU in 2012 are estimated to be 1,283,101 (717,398 men and 565,703 women) corresponding to standardized overall cancer death rates of 139/100,000 men and 85/100,000 women. The fall from 2007 was 10% in men and 7% in women. In men, declines are predicted for stomach (-20%), leukemias (-11%), lung and prostate (-10%) and colorectal (-7%) cancers, and for stomach (-23%), leukemias (-12%), uterus and colorectum (-11%) and breast (-9%) in women. Almost stable rates are expected for pancreatic cancer (+2-3%) and increases for female lung cancer (+7%). Younger women show the greatest falls in breast cancer mortality rates in the EU (-17%), and declines are expected in all individual countries, except Poland.
Apart for lung cancer in women and pancreatic cancer, continuing falls are expected in mortality from major cancers in the EU.
Annals of Oncology 02/2012; 23(4):1044-52. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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I Tramacere,
C Pelucchi,
M Bonifazi,
V Bagnardi,
M Rota,
R Bellocco,
L Scotti,
F Islami,
G Corrao,
P Boffetta, C La Vecchia,
E Negri
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ABSTRACT: Background Whether an association between alcohol drinking and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk exists is an open question. In order to provide quantification of the issue, we carried out a meta-analysis of published data. Methods We identified 21 case-control and 8 cohort studies, including a total of 18 759 NHL cases. We derived meta-analytic estimates using random-effects models, taking into account correlation between estimates. Results The overall relative risk (RR) of NHL for drinkers versus non-drinkers was 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.91]. Compared with non-drinkers, the pooled RRs were 0.88 for light (≤1 drink per day), 0.87 for moderate (1 to <4 drinks per day), and 0.84 for heavy (≥4 drinks per day) alcohol drinking. There was no association for light drinkers in cohort studies, whereas for moderate and heavy drinkers, the RRs were similar in case-control (0.85 for moderate, 0.92 for heavy) and cohort (0.89 for moderate, 0.79 for heavy) studies. The inverse relation with alcohol consumption (drinkers versus non-drinkers) was similar in men (RR = 0.83) and women (RR = 0.86), but apparently stronger in studies from Asia (RR = 0.69) than other world areas (RR = 0.88). Conclusion This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence of a favourable role of alcohol drinking on NHL risk, though the lack of a biological explanation suggests caution in the interpretation of results.
Annals of Oncology 02/2012; 23(11):2791-8. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cruciferous vegetables have been suggested to protect against various cancers, though the issue is open to discussion. To further understand their role, we analyzed data from a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland.
The studies included a total of 1468 cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx, 505 of the esophagus, 230 of the stomach, 2390 of the colorectum, 185 of the liver, 326 of the pancreas, 852 of the larynx, 3034 of the breast, 367 of the endometrium, 1031 of the ovary, 1294 of the prostate, 767 of the kidney, and 11,492 controls. All cancers were incident, histologically confirmed; controls were subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute nonneoplastic conditions.
The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for consumption of cruciferous vegetables at least once a week as compared with no/occasional consumption was significantly reduced for cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx (OR=0.83), esophagus (OR=0.72), colorectum (OR=0.83), breast (OR=0.83), and kidney (OR=0.68). The OR was below unity, but not significant, for stomach (OR=0.90), liver (OR=0.72), pancreatic (OR=0.90), laryngeal (OR=0.84), endometrial (OR=0.93), ovarian (OR=0.91), and prostate (OR=0.87) cancer.
This large series of studies provides additional evidence of a favorable effect of cruciferous vegetables on several common cancers.
Annals of Oncology 02/2012; 23(8):2198-203. · 6.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently published dietary guidelines for the intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, fats and water. We evaluated their role on the risk of a specific disease, known to be related to diet.
We used data from an Italian case-control study including 1953 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 4154 controls. We developed a so-called EFSA index summing up 1 point for adherence to each EFSA guideline. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC and its subsites were derived from unconditional multiple logistic regression models, for both the index and its components.
When each EFSA index component was analyzed separately, we found significant increased risks of CRC for non adherence to the guidelines on linoleic (OR=1.20, 95% CI, 1.07-1.36) and alpha-linolenic fatty acids (OR=1.19, 95% CI, 1.06-1.34). When all the guidelines were included in the same model, no significant association emerged. Compared with minimal adherence, the ORs of CRC for subsequent EFSA index scores were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.72-1.47), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.75-1.48), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.81-1.60), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.69-1.43), and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.67-1.61). No significant association emerged for colon and rectal cancer separately, and for males and females.
Overall adherence to the EFSA dietary guidelines is not associated to colorectal, colon and rectal cancer risk in our population. Adherence to guidelines on linoleic and alpha-linolenic fatty acids may have a modest beneficial role on CRC risk.
European journal of clinical nutrition 01/2012; 66(4):517-22. · 3.07 Impact Factor
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A Tavani,
V Rosato,
F Di Palma,
C Bosetti,
R Talamini,
L Dal Maso,
A Zucchetto,
F Levi,
M Montella,
E Negri,
S Franceschi, C La Vecchia
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ABSTRACT: We analyzed the relationship between cholelithiasis and cancer risk in a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland in 1982-2009.
The analyses included 1997 oropharyngeal, 917 esophageal, 999 gastric, 23 small intestinal, 3726 colorectal, 684 liver, 688 pancreatic, 1240 laryngeal, 6447 breast, 1458 endometrial, 2002 ovarian, 1582 prostate, 1125 renal cell, 741 bladder cancers, and 21 284 controls. The odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by multiple logistic regression models.
The ORs for subjects with history of cholelithiasis compared with those without were significantly elevated for small intestinal (OR=3.96), prostate (OR=1.36), and kidney cancers (OR=1.57). These positive associations were observed ≥10 years after diagnosis of cholelithiasis and were consistent across strata of age, sex, and body mass index. No relation was found with the other selected cancers. A meta-analysis including this and three other studies on the relation of cholelithiasis with small intestinal cancer gave a pooled relative risk of 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.82-3.03].
In subjects with cholelithiasis, we showed an appreciably increased risk of small intestinal cancer and suggested a moderate increased risk of prostate and kidney cancers. We found no material association with the other cancers considered.
Annals of Oncology 01/2012; 23(8):2173-8. · 6.43 Impact Factor
