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ABSTRACT: We aimed to demonstrate whether enteral nutrition (EN) is feasible in daily practice of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Nutritional records of 100 patients were evaluated. Patients with poor oral intake were fed by EN with tube. A total of 79 patients required nutritional support. Of them, 71 were fed by EN only. Five were fed by EN plus parenteral nutrition (PN),three were fed by PN only. Median duration of EN was 21 days. In the EN only group, 68% gained or maintained their weight. EN should be considered as a feasible option for nutrition support in children undergoing HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1327-1329. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer 08/2012; 59(7):1327-9. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study compares the quality of life (QoL) and psychological status of mothers of children with cancer with those of mothers of children without cancer. One hundred hospitalized children and their mothers, as primary caregivers, were included in this study. Fifty mothers with healthy children were enrolled as the control group. A children and mother query form was used to obtain demographical data. The disease histories were extracted from patient records. QoL was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in order to assess the psychological symptoms of the mothers in the study and in the control groups. The mean age of the caregivers was 35.93 ± 8.27 years, whereas the mean age of the mothers in the control group was 39.72 ± 6.88 years. The general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health scores from the SF-36 and the STAI-trait scores were significantly poorer among the mothers of children with cancer as compared with the scores of the mothers of children without cancer (P < .05). Significant negative correlations were found between the age of the children, the age at diagnosis, and the SF-36 subscores for physical functioning, physical role, and pain (P < .05). The mothers of children with cancer, who require hospital care, have poorer QoL and psychological health than the mothers of healthy children. These results suggest that the current system for treating cancer in Turkish children should also include close monitoring of the care-giving mothers' QoL and psychological health.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 06/2011; 28(5):428-38. · 0.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Twenty-five patients were treated for osteosarcoma of the extremity at Ege University Hospital. Eight of them were metastatic. All patients received cisplatin, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and methotrexate preoperatively. Twenty-three patients underwent surgery at around week 15 (11-18 weeks). All but one underwent limb-sparing surgery. While good responders continued to receive the same drugs, poor responders were given the same regimen before 1996, but high-dose ifosfamide alone after 1996. For all patients the projected event-free survival (EFS) rates were 63.5% at 2 years and 53% at 5 years. The projected overall survival (OS) rates were 72% at 2 years and 62% at 5 years. For nonmetastatic patients, 5-year EFS and OS rates were 67% as compared with metastatic patients (25 and 50%)(p =. 01 for EFS; p > .05 for OS). The results show that nonmetastatic patients with osteosarcoma of the extremity have favorable prognosis on this therapy regimen, allowing a high rate of limb-sparing surgery.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 07/2009; 19(7):475-82. · 0.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the extent of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, the types of therapies employed, and the reasons for choosing those therapies.
Descriptive type, cross-sectional.
Pediatric oncology department in western Turkey.
112 children receiving or completing treatment for cancer.
Parents of 112 children completed a questionnaire regarding CAM use. Analyses included examining correlations between CAM use and demographic variables.
CAM use and demographic variables.
77% of the patients used one or more type of CAM, with herb use being the most common.
About 75% of parents used CAM for their children. However, about 25% sought discussion with the physician about the CAM they were using.
Nurses should approach their patients without prejudice, gather information about the various CAM techniques, and share this knowledge with their patients.
Oncology Nursing Forum 06/2009; 36(3):E159-64. · 1.91 Impact Factor
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Mehmet Kantar,
Buket Kosova,
Nazan Cetingul,
Sevinc Gumus,
Ertug Toroslu,
Nur Zafer,
Nejat Topcuoglu,
Serap Aksoylar,
Mehtap Cinar,
Asli Tetik,
Zuhal Eroglu
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with serum drug levels and toxicities after high-dose methotrexate (MTX) infusion. The study included 37 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Serum MTX levels and toxicities of bone marrow, liver and kidney were analysed. Genotype analysis of the C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms from genomic DNA of the subjects was performed by real-time PCR. Subjects with MTHFR polymorphism for C677T (CT, TT) had significantly higher MTX levels at 24 h (p = 0.009), and these genotypes did not seem to cause toxicity. Subjects with MTHFR polymorphism for A1298C (AC, CC) had significantly higher MTX levels at 48 h (p = 0.02), and had more grade III/IV anemia (p = 0.02), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0001), elevated AST levels (p = 0.04) and frequent febrile neutropenic episodes (p = 0.004). The present study suggests that A1298C gene, but not C677T polymorphism is associated with MTX-related toxicity.
Leukemia & lymphoma 05/2009; 50(6):912-7. · 2.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare aggressive infantile neoplasm of uncertain origin. This study was performed to assess the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of four AT/RT cases. CASE REPORTS: Two cases were male and two were female, and their ages ranged from 8 to 103 months. Tumors were located in the cerebellum (two cases), frontoparietal lobe (one case), and third ventricle (one case). Histopathologically, the tumors were composed of rhabdoid cells and undifferentiated small cells mixed with epithelial or mesenchymal components. However, one of the tumors was composed predominantly of a mesenchymal component mimicking a sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, vimentin (4/4), epithelial membrane antigen (4/4), cytokeratin (3/4), smooth muscle actin (4/4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (4/4), S-100 (4/4), and synaptophysin (1/4) were positive in varying proportions, while desmin and INI-1 were negative in all the cases. All of the patients died within a mean of 14 months due to tumor progression despite the chemotherapy. Only one of our patients lived for 40 months after the diagnosis. In conclusion, AT/RTs are aggressive tumors. They can occur in a variety of locations, such as the third ventricle. Morphologically, a large spectrum can be seen, like predominantly sarcoma in appearance, but immunohistochemistry is helpful in the correct diagnosis.
Child s Nervous System 03/2009; 25(6):707-11. · 1.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Multi-systemic acute side effects occur, in response to intensive therapies that have been applied in childhood malignancies in recent years. Amifostine has rarely been used in the childhood cancers as a multisystemic protective agent for minimizing these side effects.
In this study, the effectiveness of amifostine in combination with chemotherapy for childhood cancer treatment has been researched. Of 11 subjects (2.5 months-17 years) 4 subjects had leukemia, 4 had solid tumor, and 3 had lymphoma. For these 11 subjects, 29 chemotherapy courses were given in combination with amifostine, and 20 without amifostine. Their hematological, gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity were evaluated according to the WHO toxicity criteria. Amifostine was given intravenously in a dose of 740 mg/m(2), one to three consecutive days depending on the chemotherapy regimen.
The hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels of the two groups were not statistically different. However, when comparing the courses of the patients receiving the same medications at the same doses, in the group with amifostine, mean erythrocyte transfusion requirement was significantly reduced (P = 0.025). In 31% of the courses with amifostine and 50% of the courses without amifostine, febrile neutropenia developed. Gastrointestinal system and hepatic toxicity was significantly reduced in the courses with amifostine with respect to those without it (P = 0.001). Vomiting, hypotension and nausea were the only side effects related to amifostine.
Use of amifostine during the treatment of childhood cancers with intensive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy significantly reduced the erythrocyte transfusion requirements of the patients as well as gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer 03/2009; 52(7):829-33. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of MIB-1 and p53 in the pediatric medulloblastoma group.
Forty-two pediatric medulloblastoma cases diagnosed in a single institution during the past 10 years were evaluated. Follow-up data were available for 35 patients.
The immunoreactivity of MIB-1 ranged from 10% to 95%; p53 immunoreactivity was found in five cases. Of the 35 patients with follow-up, 34 patients received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while one received chemotherapy alone. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. Of the 35 patients, 21 were alive without any evidence of recurrent disease, three were alive with evidence of recurrent disease and 11 died of disease during follow-up. The mean survival for these 11 patients was 21.9+/-10.4 months. Of the 35 cases, 16 had MIB-1 value of 25% or lower and 19 had a value of 26% or more. Of the 16 cases with low MIB-1 value, six died of disease; of the 19 cases with high MIB-1 value, five died of disease. The statistical difference between MIB-1 and prognosis was not significant. Three of the 35 (8.5%) cases were found to be positive with p53 protein; no correlation was observed between p53 immunoreactivity and prognosis.
It appears that the MIB-1 value and p53 immunoreactivity have no relation with prognosis in pediatric medulloblastomas. However, it is convenient to support these findings with large series.
Child s Nervous System 02/2009; 25(3):353-6. · 1.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate late cardiac toxicity by comprehensive echocardiographic study, and to determine whether plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels might be indicators of neurohumoral activation. The study included 49 long-term survivors and 21 controls. A wide variety of echocardiographic parameters were measured or calculated. Plasma peptide levels were determined. Patients had significant changes in different echocardiographic parameters that are suggestive of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Plasma peptide levels were not increased. The authors have found significant subclinic cardiotoxicity by echocardiography. Survivors seem to have normal plasma natriuretic peptide levels in long-term period.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 01/2009; 25(8):723-33. · 0.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Melanotic progonoma or melanotic neuroectodermal tumor is a rare tumor in infancy. This lesion has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign or malignant lesions of calvarium.
The authors present a case of a 4-month-old infant with left retroauricular mass. The patient had a subcutaneous mass that is fixed to the underlying skull. CT and MRI scans showed left occipitotemporal expansile mass. The tumor was removed by surgery. A tumor, brownish-black in color, was diagnosed as melanotic progonoma. The patient remained symptom-free for the last 2 years after complete surgery.
Extracranial subcutaneous masses involving the skull are uncommon in infants. Benign or malignant lesions may occur as lumps on calvarium. Physical examination and some laboratory findings are helpful in the assessment of patient. Benign or malignant lesions can be differentiated by craniography, CT, or MRI scans, but exact diagnosis of melanotic progonoma is made by histopathology and immunostaining, as was in the presented case. Cranial vault progonomas have a better outcome by complete surgery. The tumors usually do not recur in long-term period.
Child s Nervous System 08/2008; 24(11):1371-5. · 1.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Children often require relief of pain and anxiety when undergoing painful procedures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of painful pediatric procedures performed by pediatric intensivist, using the combination of intravenous ketamine and midazolam for sedation and analgesia.
The records of the patients who received intravenous ketamine-midazolam combination for painful procedures in the pediatric sedation unit of a university hospital over a 3 year period were retrospectively reviewed to determine indications, dosing, assessment of the level of sedation, adverse events, and recovery time for each procedural sedation and analgesia.
A total of 227 children aged 4 months to 18 years were admitted to the pediatric sedation unit for a total of 356 procedures. The indications for procedural sedation and analgesia included bone marrow aspiration or biopsy (50.8%), central venous catheter insertion (27%), and others (22%). A total of 46 adverse events (12.9%) were observed. These adverse events included SpO2 below 85% without apnea (n = 14), apnea (n = 3), transient stridor (n = 2), hypertension and tachycardia (n = 8), hypersalivation (n = 6), vomiting (n = 5), hallucinatory emergence reaction (n = 4), and rash (n = 4). There were no adverse outcomes attributable to ketamine and midazolam combination.
Skilled pediatric intensivists can safely and effectively administer ketamine and midazolam to facilitate painful procedures outside the operating room setting.
Pediatrics International 05/2006; 48(2):146-51. · 0.63 Impact Factor
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Ozgur Cogulu,
Buket Kosova,
Emin Karaca,
Cumhur Gunduz,
Ferda Ozkinay,
Serap Aksoylar,
Huseyin Gulen, Mehmet Kantar,
Haldun Oniz,
Deniz Karapinar,
Nazan Cetingul,
Ayşe Erbay,
Canan Vergin,
Cihangir Ozkinay
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ABSTRACT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic component of telomerase enzyme and has been shown to be associated with telomerase activity (TA). Although many studies in adult leukemia have established the importance of TA, very few have been reported in the children. In this study hTERT levels in childhood leukemia was evaluated and compared with the prognostic factors described before. The LightCycler instrument was used (online real-time PCR) for the quantification of hTERT in peripheral blood and bone marrow in 23 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in 8 cases with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Ten cases with normal peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) were selected as control group. Cytogenetic analyses were available in 21 patients with leukemia. In all cases with acute leukemia and in control group, peripheral blood (PB) hTERT levels correlated significantly with bone marrow (BM) hTERT levels. Before treatment, patients with ALL had significantly higher hTERT levels than that of AML patients and control cases. Among patients with ALL, higher hTERT levels were observed in patients with pre-B leukemia, followed by B cell and T cell leukemia patients. Initially increased hTERT levels decreased to the nearly normal levels during remission in cases with ALL. No correlation was observed between the initial hTERT levels and the known prognostic factors except cytogenetic findings. Higher hTERT levels were detected in patients having karyotypic abnormalities which indicate poor prognosis. hTERT levels are significantly high in childhood ALL with the highest level of pre-B cell leukemia before treatment. Those high levels of hTERT decrease to almost normal levels in remission. hTERT levels might be useful in monitoring of leukemia in children.
Leukemia and Lymphoma 01/2005; 45(12):2477-80. · 2.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of meropenem plus amikacin compared with piperacillin-tazobactam plus netilmicin for initial empirical antibiotic treatment of high-risk febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Patients with hematologic malignancy (leukemia or stage III/IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma) who presented with fever and neutropenia (ANC < 500/mm3) and patients with solid tumors who presented with fever and severe neutropenia (ANC < 100/mm3) were considered to be at high risk and eligible for this study. In this prospective study, 33 patients with 50 febrile neutropenic episodes received i.v. neropenem (20 mg/kg every 8 h) plus amikacin (15 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses) (in 31 episodes) or piperacillin/tazobactam (100 mg/4 mg/kg every 8 h) plus netilmicin (7 mg/kg every 24 h) (in 19 episodes). Clinical response was determined at 72 h and at completion of the therapy. The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, initial ANC, use of growth factors, and classification of the infections. An infection was documented microbiologically in 12 episodes (39%) in the meropenem plus amikacin group and in 8 episodes (42%) in the piperacillin/tazobactam plus netilmicin group. Of the 22 microbiological isolates, 37% were gram-positives, 45% were gram-negatives, and 18% were fungi. Most of the clinically documented infections were of lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal mucosa, or urinary tract origin. The mean duration of neutropenia was 9 days in both groups. Fever persisted for 1-30 days (mean 3 vs. 5 days). The success rate with initial empiric therapy was 52% in the meropenem plus amikacin and 42% in the piperacillin/tazobactam plus netilmicin group, respectively (p = .5). Total success rate (with or without modification) was 97% vs. 90% in the episodes. Three patients died due to infection (1 vs. 2 patients). No major adverse effects were observed in each group. Empirical therapy with meropenem plus amikacin or piperacillin/tazobactam plus netilmicin for high-risk febrile neutropenia is equally effective and safe in pediatric cancer patients.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 03/2004; 21(2):115-23. · 0.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Secondary malignant neoplasms (SMN) in CNS tumor survivors has become problem of increasing concern over the last 20 years. These tumors usually occur in a different site from the primary brain tumor several years after treatment.
We report secondary cranial malignant neoplasms in three patients who were treated with irradiation and chemotherapy for their primary brain tumors. The first case is a male survivor of an orbital rhabdomyosarcoma who developed a meningioma 8 years later. The other two cases are female survivors of ependymomas who were irradiated at the age of 3 and developed secondary gliomas 8 and 17 years after therapy respectively.
Patients carry a risk of developing SMNs many years later since irradiation is still an important part of the treatment. An SMN may have a benign course, as in meningioma, or be a dilemma for the patient, as in glioblastoma.
Child s Nervous System 02/2004; 20(1):46-9. · 1.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine serum immunoglobulins, IgG subclasses, lymphocyte subsets, and serum protective antitoxin levels of tetanus and diphtheria, and to investigate specific antibody response to tetanus and diphtheria vaccines in children with cancer who have been treated for leukemias and solid tumors. Forty patients with different types of childhood malignancies were enrolled in this study and their lymphocyte subsets, serum Ig A, M, G and IgG subclass concentrations were determined at completion of chemotherapy and 6 months later. We measured serum diphtheria (D) and tetanus (T) antitoxin levels and investigated specific antibody responses against DT vaccines at 6 months. Only the leukemic children had low CD19+ cells at completion of chemotherapy and 6 months later. The patients with solid tumors had reduced CD4+ cells, but increased natural killer cells at completion of chemotherapy. Serum IgA and IgM levels were decreased in leukemic patients after chemotherapy. There were no IgG subclass deficiency. Forty-two per cent of the patients did not have protective serum T antitoxins. All patients produced high levels of DT antibodies by vaccination. Immune system changes recover by 6 months after cancer therapy in children. Children with solid tumors, as well as leukemias, should be followed-up in terms of immune deficiencies. A repeat dose of tetanus toxoid should be recommended at 6 months.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 11/2003; 49(5):286-90. · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In vitro studies have demonstrated that (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI) is a transport substrate of multidrug resistance (MDR)-related proteins. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate whether (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy was a functional imaging tool for in vivo detection of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) expression in osteosarcoma and to investigate the role of MRP and (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging to predict the clinical outcome. We also examined whether the scintigraphic parameters would help to distinguish the functional capacity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and MRP.
Twenty-four patients with a diagnosis of osteosarcoma were studied before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor-to-background ratios of both early (10 min) and delayed (1 h) images and the percentage washout rate (WR%) of (99m)Tc-MIBI were calculated. Immunohistochemical analysis of MRP and Pgp was performed on biopsy specimens, and the response to preoperative chemotherapy was assessed by histopathologic examination.
Fifteen of 24 osteosarcoma samples in our series (62.5%) showed significant expression of MRP. The level of MRP expression was significantly correlated with the WR% of (99m)Tc-MIBI (r = 0.58, P = 0.003), and the WR% of (99m)Tc-MIBI was significantly faster in patients with high MRP expression than in those with a low MRP score (P = 0.007). The clearance rate of (99m)Tc-MIBI was significantly slower in tumor samples with negative or low expression of both Pgp and MRP (16% +/- 6.2%) when compared with osteosarcomas with high expression of both proteins (31.7% +/- 8.7%) (P = 0.001). There was not a significant difference between the WR% of (99m)Tc-MIBI in tumors with coexpression of both proteins and in tumors with high expression of either Pgp or MRP. Both the rate of MRP expression and the WR% of (99m)Tc-MIBI were significantly correlated with response rate.
Our results suggest that the WR% of (99m)Tc-MIBI is correlated with MRP expression. Both the WR% of (99m)Tc-MIBI and MRP expression are correlated with therapy response. (99m)Tc-MIBI can be used as a general probe for functional imaging of both Pgp and MRP; however, it is not capable of differentiating the functional status of either MDR-related glycoprotein.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine 10/2003; 44(9):1394-401. · 6.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors report rare and different types of lung tumors in 4 children. The first case is an 8-year-old boy with mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the second case is a 9-year-old girl with neuroendocrine carcinoma, the third is a 14-year-old girl with fetal lung adenocarcinoma (FLAC), and the last is a 16-year-old girl with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Among these tumors, FLAC has not been reported in children so far. Each tumor type displayed a different prognosis in the follow-up period. In the differential diagnosis of primary lung tumors, carcinoid tumor, bronchogenic carcinoma, and pulmonary blastoma are frequently encountered, but these rare tumor types should be borne in mind.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 10/2002; 19(6):421-8. · 0.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cytogenetic findings in leukemia can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and in the definition of different subgroups. The most common chromosome abnormalities associated with mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are t(8;14), t(8;22), t(2;8), and partial duplication of 1q. Various abnormalities involving chromosome 1 have also been reported in ALL. We present a 16-year-old male with mature B-cell ALL whose cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow showed the karyotype of 46,XY,t(8;14)(q24;q32), -15,der(1;15)(p10;q10). The case presented here carries one of the most common abnormalities, t(8;14) (q24;q32), and a new rearrangement, der(1;15)(p10;q10), which has not been described to date in mature B-cell ALL.
Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 10/2002; 137(2):150-2. · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Thirty-seven patients with thalassemina major (TM) were studied to determine the extent and rate of endocrine complications. Mean haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations were 8.8 +/- 0.6 and 3,597 +/- 1,931, respectively. Provocation tests for growth hormone secretion were applied in patients with standing heights below the third centile and/or growth velocities below the 10th centile. Sexual maturation was assessed by using the criteria of Tanner. Glucose metabolism was assessed by fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance test. Basal thyroid function was measured and thyrotropin-releasing hormone tolerance test was carried out. Growth retardation was found in 40 per cent of patients and growth hormone deficiency was a prominent cause of growth retardation. Gonadal dysfunction was detected in 47 per cent of patients. Hypothyroidism was observed in 16 per cent and impaired glucose metabolism in 10.8 per cent patients. The high rate of endocrine disturbances indicates the importance of regular follow-up of thalassemia major patients with regard to endocrine complications of the disease.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 03/2002; 48(1):50-4. · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Carnitine metabolism is disturbed in some renal diseases, such as chronic renal failure. Previous studies have shown that children had normal serum free carnitine (FC) and total carnitine levels in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, IgA nephropathy, non-IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to determine FC concentrations in plasma and urine during acute and remission periods of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and its association with hyperlipidemia.
Plasma and urinary FC concentrations were assayed in 15 children with SSNS in acute and in 16 children in remission period. Six of them were followed-up longitudinally in both periods.
Plasma FC concentrations were significantly higher in the acute period of the disease than in the remission period and of the controls. The patients had lower FC levels in the remission period as compared to the controls. Urinary FC concentration was decreased in acute disease period when compared to the remission period and the controls. The FC concentrations in plasma and urine did not correlate with each other. Plasma FC exhibited significant positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and trygliceride, but negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
The present study showed disturbed FC concentration in SSNS. Increased plasma and decreased urinary FC levels in acute disease might be associated with its altered renal handling or some extrarenal factors such as hyperlipidemia.
Pediatrics International 03/2002; 44(1):74-7. · 0.63 Impact Factor
