-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A new reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (RP-UPLC-ELSD) is developed for the fast and direct quantification of underivatized muscone in precious herbal medicine Musk. Separation of muscone was achieved on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 (50mm×2.1mm, i.d., 1.7μm) column. The runtime was as short as 5 min. The mode of evaporative light scattering detection was set at Impact On. The influence of evaporative light scattering detection condition on sensitivity was investigated. The optimized condition was: drift tube temperature at 30°C, gas flow rate 4.2 L/min. The method was validated with respect to the precision, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity, stability and robustness were measured in this paper. The calibration curves showed good linear regression (r = 0.9914) within the test range. The recovery rate was 98.6%. The limit of detection (LOD) for muscone was 2.0ng. The validated method was rapid, simple, reproducible and convenient for the quantification of muscone in Musk and the related products.
Journal of Separation Science 03/2013; · 2.73 Impact Factor
-
Yaqing Zhang,
Shouling Wu,
Zhaoxia Jia,
Yong Zhou,
Xiurong Liu,
Wenjuan Wang,
Tony Wang,
Liye Wang,
Shufeng Zhang, Cheng Jin,
Xingquan Zhao
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intracranial artery stenosis may be the most frequent cause of ischemic stroke in the world. Early detection of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis may allow for therapeutic intervention. Most elements of the Framingham stroke risk profile (FSRP) are also risk factors for intracranial artery stenosis. Thus, the FSRP might play a role in detecting asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis.
To investigate the relationship between the FSRP and asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis.
A sample of 5852 subjects (age >40 years) was selected from the KaiLuan study. All participants received transcranial Doppler ultrasound examinations to detect the presence and quantify the severity of intracranial arterial stenosis. Demographic and clinical variables were investigated at the time of examination. Binary logistic regression analyses was performed to determine the odds ratio of FSRP components to asymptomatic intracranial stenosis before and after adjusted for gender, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol (TC).
The subjects with intracranial artery stenosis were older than those without (68·2 versus 64·9), and the systolic blood pressure was higher in those with intracranial artery stenosis (146·86 versus 136·39). Among intracranial artery stenosis subjects, 77·5% had hypertension, 26·1% had diabetes, 8·9% had left ventricular hypertrophy, and 4·8% had atrial fibrillation. Logistic regression analyses revealed that age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy were risk factors for intracranial artery stenosis. The incidence of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis correlated with increasing FSRP scores. The odds ratios of intracranial artery stenosis from the lowest to the highest FSRP quartiles were as follows: 1 (reference group), 1·77 (95% CI: 1·23-2·56), 2·84 (95% CI: 2·02-3·98), 5·65 (95% CI: 4·03-7·93).
FSRP plays an important role in detecting asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis.
Neurological Research 05/2012; 34(4):359-65. · 1.52 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, microcalorimetry combined with chemometric analysis was used to investigate the effects of angle and nail animal
valuable drugs on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) growth. The power–time curves of the growth metabolism of B. subtilis affected by Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu Cervi Elaphi, Cornu Saigae Tataricae, cornu caprae hircus, Cornu Bubali, Squama Manis, and Carapax Trionycis were determined using a thermal activity monitor (TAM) air isothermal microcalorimeter, ampoule mode, at 37°C. By analyzing
these curves and some quantitative parameters using principal component analysis, the effects of the seven animal drugs on
B. subtilis could be quickly evaluated from the change of the two main parameters, the maximum heat-flow power P
m2 and total heat output Q
t: Cornu Saigae Tataricae, cornu caprae hircus, Cornu Bubali, Squama Manis, and Carapax Trionycis inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, while Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum and Cornu Cervi Elaphi promoted the growth of B. subtilis. Further, the result of hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the drugs which promoted the growth of B. subtilis gathered in one cluster, the other drugs which inhibited the growth of B. subtilis gathered in the other cluster. All these illustrated that the internal characteristics of the seven animal drugs were different
though they had similar resources and these drugs could be well clustered according the effects of them on B. subtilis growth with the help of chemometric methods. This study provided an useful idea of the combination of microcalorimetry and
chemometric analysis for studying the effects of drugs on organisms.
KeywordsMicrocalorimetry–Animal drugs–
B. subtilis
–Chemometric analysis
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 04/2012; · 1.60 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The antibacterial effect of Curcumin on Staphylococcus aureus growth was evaluated by microcalorimetry. The heat flow power–time curves and nine quantitative parameters of the S. aureus growth were applied to investigate the inhibitory effect with Curcumin. By analyzing these curves and some quantitative parameters
using multivariate analytical methods, similarity analysis and principal component analysis, the antibacterial activity of
Curcumin on S. aureus could be accurately evaluated from the change of the two main parameters, the second exponential growth rate constant k
2 and the maximum heat flow power P
m2. The main two thermal parameters played more important role in the evaluation: at low concentration (0–10.5μgmL−1), Curcumin hardly influence the growth of S. aureus, while at high concentration (10.5–43.4μgmL−1) it could notably inhibit the growth. All these illustrated that the antibacterial activity of Curcumin on S. aureus was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of this compound. This study might provide an useful method and idea
accurately evaluate the antibacterial effects of Curcumin, which provides some useful methods for evaluate the nature antibacterial
agents.
KeywordsAntibacterial activity–Multivariate analysis–Curcumin–Microcalorimetry–
Staphylococcus aureus
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 04/2012; · 1.60 Impact Factor
-
Xingfeng Li, Cheng Jin,
Wei Liu,
Jian Zhou,
Weijun Kong,
Bing Dai,
Jiabo Wang,
Dan Yan,
Yanling Zhao,
Yun Luo,
Xiaohe Xiao
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Using microcalorimetry, the characteristic metabolic heat flow power-time curves of S. aureus growth affected by Ursodesoxycholic acid and Hyodeoxycholic acid were measured at 37°C. The thermal-kinetic parameters such
as, growth rate constant k, the maximum power output (P
m), the time corresponding to the maximum power output (t
p), total heat-production Q
t
, half inhibitory concentration of the drugs (IC
50) were calculated from the growth curves. For both HDCA and UDCA, with the increasing of concentration, k, P
m, and Q
t
decreased, meanwhile, k–c fit a linear equation, t
p was prolonged correspondingly. Principle component analysis, the results indicated t
p might be the main parameter in evaluating the antibacterial activity of HDCA and UDCA in microcalorimetric method. Combining
with t
p and IC
50, the results revealed that the differences and trends of antibacterial activity of these bile acid derivatives were: HDCA>UDCA.
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis showed that the α-OH at C-3 and C-6 position at equal pace on the steroid nucleus
enhanced the hydrophilicity of HDCA, which led to a stronger antibacterial effect than UDCA. In this study, a useful tool
was provided to accurately evaluate the antibacterial effects of bile acid derivatives. The thermolysis curve recorded by
microcalorimetry could provide a lot of kinetic and thermodynamic information for the study of growth process of living microbial,
which could be helpful in the screening of high efficacy antibacterial agents.
KeywordsAntibacterial activity–Microcalorimetry–
Staphylococcus aureus
–Hyodeoxycholic acid–Ursodesoxycholic acid
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 04/2012; · 1.60 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A novel "target constituent knock-out" strategy was proposed and applied for preliminary screening of antibacterial constituents in Calculus bovis (C. bovis). This strategy was accomplished through the following steps: (1) the single constituents (A-F) in C. bovis samples were knocked out on the Silica Gel thin-layer plates by thin-layer chromatography (TLC); (2) these knocked-out constituents were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD); (3) the antibacterial activities of these knocked-out constituents and C. bovis samples on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were evaluated by microcalorimetry combined with principal component analysis (PCA); (4) the activities of these knocked-out constituents and the total extract of C. bovis, also the interaction properties between these single constituents and the total extract were elucidated. The results showed that the sum of inhibitory ratio (I) of constituents A-F (202.0%) was 5-fold of the I of C. bovis sample (38.01%), showing that these knocked-out constituents had strong antagonistic effects on each other in C. bovis sample and the antagonistic extent was 81.18%. And we found that the key antibacterial composition of C. bovis was not a single component, also not the high content component (cholic acid, CA), but constituent F, which was the combinatorial composition of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). Constituent F revealed over 33-fold high activity of the sum of DCA and HDCA activity in solo-use, showing strong synergistic effect between DCA and HDCA. In addition, constituents A-E had significant antagonistic effects on constituent F. Our study indicates that this proposed "target constituent knock-out" strategy is a useful approach for screening active constituents and elucidating the multi-component interactions in C. bovis, further providing some reference for understanding the pharmacodynamic actions, controlling the quality of Chinese materia medicas (CMMs) and discovering new drugs.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 11/2011; 879(30):3565-73. · 2.78 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Currently, no bioassay is available for evaluating the toxicity of Aconitum herbs, which are well known for their lethal cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In this study, we established a bioassay to evaluate the toxicity of Aconitum herbs. Test sample and standard solutions were administered to rats by intravenous infusion to determine their minimum lethal doses (MLD). Toxic potency was calculated by comparing the MLD. The experimental conditions of the method were optimized and standardized to ensure the precision and reliability of the bioassay. The application of the standardized bioassay was then tested by analyzing 18 samples of Aconitum herbs. Additionally, three major toxic alkaloids (aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine) in Aconitum herbs were analyzed using a liquid chromatographic method, which is the current method of choice for evaluating the toxicity of Aconitum herbs. We found that for all Aconitum herbs, the total toxicity of the extract was greater than the toxicity of the three alkaloids. Therefore, these three alkaloids failed to account for the total toxicity of Aconitum herbs. Compared with individual chemical analysis methods, the chief advantage of the bioassay is that it characterizes the total toxicity of Aconitum herbs. An incorrect toxicity evaluation caused by quantitative analysis of the three alkaloids might be effectively avoided by performing this bioassay. This study revealed that the bioassay is a powerful method for the safety assessment of Aconitum herbs.
Journal of hazardous materials 11/2011; 199-200:350-7. · 4.14 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The fingerprints of artificial Calculus bovis extracts from different solvents were established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the anti-bacterial activities of artificial C. bovis extracts on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth were studied by microcalorimetry. The UPLC fingerprints were evaluated using hierarchical clustering analysis. Some quantitative parameters obtained from the thermogenic curves of S. aureus growth affected by artificial C. bovis extracts were analyzed using principal component analysis. The spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and anti-bacterial activities were investigated using multi-linear regression analysis. The results showed that peak 1 (taurocholate sodium), peak 3 (unknown compound), peak 4 (cholic acid), and peak 6 (chenodeoxycholic acid) are more significant than the other peaks with the standard parameter estimate 0.453, -0.166, 0.749, 0.025, respectively. So, compounds cholic acid, taurocholate sodium, and chenodeoxycholic acid might be the major anti-bacterial components in artificial C. bovis. Altogether, this work provides a general model of the combination of UPLC chromatography and anti-bacterial effect to study the spectrum-effect relationships of artificial C. bovis extracts, which can be used to discover the main anti-bacterial components in artificial C. bovis or other Chinese herbal medicines with anti-bacterial effects.
Journal of Separation Science 11/2011; 34(23):3330-8. · 2.73 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study comparatively investigated the tissue distributions of rhubarb anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) to examine whether they undergo different uptakes in normal or CCl(4)-induced liver-damaged rats, to explore possible reasons for the different toxicities of AQs in pathological model rats and normal rats at the tissue distribution level.
The total rhubarb extract (14.49 g kg(-1) of body weight per day based on the quantity of crude material) was administrated orally to normal and model rats for 12 weeks. The concentrations of free AQs in tissues were quantitated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). After drug withdrawal for 4 weeks, tissue distributions were again determined.
The five free AQs-aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion--were detected in the liver, kidney and spleen, while only rhein, aloe-emodin and emodin reached the quantitative limit. The tissue distributions of rhein (p < 0.001), aloe-emodin (p < 0.001) and emodin (p < 0.05) in normal rats were higher than those in model rats with rhein>aloe-emodin>emodin in kidney and spleen tissues and aloe-emodin > rhein > emodin in liver tissues. Free AQs were not detected in the tissues after drug withdrawal for 4 weeks.
These results suggest that the tissue toxicity of AQs in normal animals is higher than that in pathological model animals with little accumulative toxicity of rhubarb. The results are concordant with the traditional Chinese theory of You Gu Wu Yun recorded first in Su Wen, a classical Chinese medical treatise.
Journal of ethnopharmacology 08/2011; 137(3):1492-7. · 2.32 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Musk is a precious and wide applied material in traditional Chinese medicine, also, an important material for the perfume industry all over the world. To establish a rapid, cost-effective and relatively objective assessment for the quality of musk, different musk samples, including authentic, fake and adulterate, were collected. A oxide sensor based electronic nose (E-nose) was employed to measure the musk samples, the E-nose generated data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), the responses of 18 sensors of E-nose were evaluated by loading analysis. Results showed that a rapid evaluation of complex response of the samples could be obtained, in combination with PCA and the perception level of the E-nose was given better results in the recognition values of the musk aroma. The authentic, fake and adulterate musk could be distinguished by E-nose coupled with PCA, sensor 2, 3, 5, 12, 15 and 17 were found to be able to better discriminate between musk samples, confirming the potential application of an electronic instrument coupled with chemometrics for a rapid and on-line quality control for the traditional medicines.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 07/2011; 55(5):1239-44. · 2.45 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To probe into the influences of different granule sizes and to prepare procedures on rational clinical usage of rhubarb based on chemical equivalence.
The effects of particle size, extract solvent, extract time and repeat times, and pre-extract or pro-extract of rhubarb on the extract amounts of the anthraquinones (AQs) were compared.
The different prepare procedures investigated in the paper revealed significant influence on the extract amounts of the AQs and those extracts were not chemical equivalent. Ethanol extracted more AQs than water did, when other conditions were same. When extracted with water, the rhubarb of piece size 0.8-1.2 cm could extract relatively high amount of AQs nearly equal to superfine grinded powders, and the former was cheap. The water extraction of AQs showed an increasing trend with the extraction time extended. And pro-extract manner with water could extract more AQs than pre-extract manner with a extraction time of 30, 60 min. The water extraction of AQs repeated two times exceeded half of the amount of totally six times. When extracted with ethanol, the rhubarb of fine powders could extract relatively high amount of AQs nearly equal to superfine grinded powders. And pre-extract manner with ethanol could extract more AQs than pro-extract manner. The ethanol extraction of AQs increased in 30 min and then increased slower. The ethanol extraction of AQs repeated two times exceeded 70% of the amount of totally six times. So, the optimal conditions for water extraction rhubarb were pro-extract, two times repeated and 30 min per time; and the optimal conditions for ethanol extract were pre-extract, two times repeated and 30 min per time.
The different prepare procedures showed significant influence on the extraction of rhubarb AQs. There is great need to establish a good usage practice (GUP) for Chinese Materia Medica to maintain rational clinical usage.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 06/2011; 36(12):1587-90.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The inhibitory ratio (1%) of artificial musk on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The dose-effect relationship between concentrations of artificial musk and 1% was established. It was found that artificial musk had obvious inhibitory action on COX-2. The concentration for 50% of maximum inhibitory effect (IC50) was about 2.26 mg x mL(-1). There was a good relationship between the logarithm concentrations of artificial musk and 1% when the concentrations of artificial musk ranged from 0.31-20.0 mg x mL(-1). The results indicated that this EIA method could be applied to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of artificial musk quickly, conveniently, sensitively and exactly. This paper provided a novel method and foundational research for the bioassay of artificial musk.
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 04/2011; 46(4):438-42.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the last few years, several fungus infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic agents have got tremendous emergence and prevalence. Screening for novel antifungal agents is in great demand, but traditional microbiological techniques are far from sufficient to meet that requirement. In this study, a non-invasive and non-destructive microcalorimetric method was performed to investigate the antifungal activities of cholic acid (CA) and its derivatives, glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) on the multiplying and non-multiplying metabolism of Candida albicans. Then, the heat-flow power-time curves of C. albicans growth affected by different concentrations of CA, GCA and TCA were studied by similarity analysis (SA), the quantitative thermokinetic parameters from these curves were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). By comparing the values of two main parameters, P(2) (the heat-flow output power of the highest peak) and Q(2) (the heat output of the second exponential growth phase) of C. albicans, it could be found that CA had the strongest antifungal activity among the three steroid compounds, which might be used as a potential antifungal agent in the future. This study provided a useful method and idea of microcalorimetry with chemometrics to efficiently evaluate the antifungal activities of bile acid derivatives, giving some references for screening out new antifungal agents. However, it has to be stressed that all these experiments are carried out in vitro and they still require clinical validation.
Analytica chimica acta 03/2011; 689(2):250-6. · 4.31 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Rhubarb anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) have been documented to have both therapeutic and toxic effect on liver and kidney, leading to a complex puzzle to assess their benefits and risks. In this study, the tissue distributions of AQs in SD rats after orally administrated extracts of raw and prepared rhubarb were examined whether they undergo different uptake. The total rhubarb extract (14.49 g x kg(-1) of body weight per day od, counted on the quantity of crude material) was administrated orally for 12 weeks. The concentrations of the AQs in different tissues were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The five major AQs, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophynol and physcion, could all be detected in the liver, kidney and spleen, while only rhein, aloe-emodin and emodin reached the quantitative limit. The tissue concentrations of AQs in raw rhubarb group were higher than that in steamed rhubarb group with rhein > emodin > aloe-emodin in the same tissue. On the whole, the tissue distribution of rhein was higher than that of emodin and aloe-emodin in liver, spleen and kidney. AQs could not be detected in those tissues after drug withdraw for 4 weeks, which suggested scarcely any accumulative toxicity of rhubarb. The result indicated that raw rhubarb had more tissue toxicity than steamed rhubarb and rhein may be one of the major poisonous ingredients. The results were concordant with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of toxicity-attenuating effect of processing.
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 03/2011; 46(3):350-4.
-
Yi Qin,
Jia-bo Wang,
Wei-jun Kong,
Yan-ling Zhao,
Hui-yin Yang,
Chun-mei Dai,
Fang Fang,
Lin Zhang,
Bao-cai Li, Cheng Jin,
Xiao-he Xiao
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the pharmacological effects of different extracts of rhubarb on intestinal function of mice, further to explore possible reasons for the adverse effects of long-term use of rhubarb as a purgative.
The total extract of rhubarb (TR) was extracted with 60% ethanol and the total anthraquinones extract (TA), total tannins extract (TT) and remaining components extract (RC) of rhubarb were separated from TR using macroporous resin. The pharmacological effects of each extract on the intestinal function of mice were evaluated by defecation test and the antidiarrhoeal activity of rhubarb tannins as well as its mechanism was studied by different animal models and histopathological examination.
Both TR and TA produced purgative activities, but the purgative activity of TA was stronger than that of TR. Successive administration of TT produced an antidiarrhoeal activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Besides, successive administration of RC showed no significant effect on the intestinal function of mice. The antidiarrhoeal activity of rhubarb tannins was confirmed directly for the first time and its mechanism was probable that rhubarb tannins generated protein-precipitating reaction to the gastrointestinal mucosa due to its protein-precipitating action.
The results confirmed that rhubarb had the diarrhoeogenic and antidiarrhoeal bidirectional effects due to the coexistence of anthraquinones and tannins. The bidirectional effects might be the reason or one of the reasons for the adverse effects of long-term use of rhubarb as a purgative.
Journal of ethnopharmacology 02/2011; 133(3):1096-102. · 2.32 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A rapid, simple and sensitive ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for determining the absorption amount of emodin in the five digestive segments of rat. Plasma samples were pre-purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Oasis MAX cartridge. Separation of emodin and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (internal standard) was performed on an Acquity BEH UHPLC C(18) column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. The LC/MS system was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative ion mode. The results showed that this established method was valid and sensitive for emodin within 0.04-16.4 μg/mL, with low limits of detection and quantification of 0.6 ng/mL and 2.4 ng/mL, respectively and upper limit of quantification of 220.0 ng/mL. The intra- and interday variations were below 4.9% of RSD. The extraction recoveries were 98.9-106.1% with RSD of 1.9-3.2%. The plasma concentration-time relationship showed that the absorption of emodin in stomach was faster than in intestine segments. The sequence of absorption amount was: ileum>jejunum>colon≈duodenum>stomach. Most of emodin was absorbed in ileum, and the absorption amount was increased with prolonged retention of drug form in intestine, especially in ileum and jejunum. The developed UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was appropriate for determining the in vivo absorption of emodin in other herbal medicines or preparations containing this compound.
Journal of Separation Science 02/2011; 34(3):260-7. · 2.73 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper is to report the investigation on the metabolic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after given Qingkailing injection, and with the aim of seeking for a new quality control method based on biological assessment. The growth thermogenic curves of S. aureus were determined by microcalorimetry and analyzed by computer. The results showed that in the concentration range of (0-5.00%), the growth thermogenic curves of S. aureus were declined and removed back with increasing dosage of Qingkailing injection; the main parameters (T1, T2, k1, P1, P2 and I) and the dosage of Qingkailing injection have good correlation. The 50% inhibiting dosage is 3.26 %, and the optimal inhibiting dosage is 5.47%. Difference could be detected among the Qingkailing injection samples from different factories and different batches. It is proved that Qingkailing injection could inhibit the metabolic behavior of S. aureus, and microcalorimetry might be applied in the quality assessment of Qingkailing injection.
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 02/2011; 46(2):193-7.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The hepatotoxicity of some Chinese herbs has been a cause for concern in recent years. However, some herbs, such as rhubarb, have been documented as having both therapeutic and toxic effects on the liver, leading to the complex problem of distinguishing the benefits from the risks of using this herb. To comparatively analyze the dose-response relationship between rhubarb and hepatic health, we administrated total rhubarb extract (RE) to normal and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-treated rats for 12 weeks at 4 dosage levels (2.00, 5.40, 14.69 and 40.00 g·kg(-1), measured as the quantity of crude material), followed by biochemical and histopathological tests of the rats' livers. A composite pattern was extracted by factor analysis, using all the biochemical indices as variables, into a visual representation of two mathematically obtained factors, which could be interpreted as the fibrosis factor and the cellular injury factor, according to the values of the variable loadings. The curative effect of administering the two lowest dosages of RE to CCl(4)-treated rats was mainly expressed as a decrease in the extent of cellular injury. The hepatoprotective mechanism of RE might be related to its antioxidant effect, the antagonism of the free radical damage to hepatocytes caused by CCl(4). By contrast, the RE-induced liver damage was mainly expressed as a significant increase in the amount of fibrosis in both normal rats at all dosage levels and CCl(4)-treated rats at the two highest dosage levels. Therefore, the hepatotoxic potential of RE could be attributable to the liver cell fibrosis induced by high doses of the herb. This study illustrates the bidirectional potential of rhubarb and demonstrates the feasibility of using factor analysis to study the dose-response relationships between herbal medicines and hepatotoxicity or the healing effects of these herbs by extracting the underlying interrelationships among a number of functional bio-indices in a holistic manner.
PLoS ONE 01/2011; 6(9):e24498. · 4.09 Impact Factor
-
Jia-Bo Wang,
Wei-Jun Kong,
Hong-Juan Wang,
Hai-Ping Zhao,
He-Yin Xiao,
Chun-Mei Dai,
Xiao-He Xiao,
Yan-Ling Zhao, Cheng Jin,
Lin Zhang,
Fang Fang,
Rui-Sheng Li
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Rhubarb is generally used to people of broad age, but diverse responses of people at different age to rhubarb have been little clarified. In this study, an attempt was made to access the safety of rhubarb to both immature and aged rats to provide some references for its clinical usage.
The total extract of rhubarb was administered intragastricly to both immature and aged rats once a day and lasted for 5 weeks. Then histopathologic and biochemical examinations were performed.
No death was observed in immature rat groups, while 23.3% (21/90) subjects in aged rat groups died and most of the death cases were observed in the high-dosage (40 gkg(-1) of body weight per day od, counted on the quantity of crude material) group. The death rate between aged and immature rats was found of significantly statistical difference. Dosage-dependent histopathologic changes in kidney were observed in all the rhubarb-treated rats, principally involving the proximal tubules. Kidney changes in aged rats were severer than those observed in immature ones. Hepatic cells necrosis was occasionally observed in the middle- and high-dosage aged rat groups and minimal biliary hyperplasia was found in all the rhubarb-treated aged rats. Increased incidences of activated Kupffer cells and lymphocytic infiltration were found in all the rhubarb-treated rats. And dosage-dependent increase of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and notable increase of IL-8 was found in aged rat groups.
The immature and aged rats showed reversed responses to the toxic potential of rhubarb extract. Elderly subjects were susceptible to the toxicity of high-dosage rhubarb, which drove rigorous consideration on rational use of rhubarb to aged people.
Journal of ethnopharmacology 12/2010; 134(2):216-20. · 2.32 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objective: In this study the reliability and scientificity of organoleptic evaluation for the commercial specification of Chinese medicinal materials (CMM) was investigated with Delphi method, using rhubarb as an example. The consensus panel of panelists being expert in organoleptic evaluation for CMM was cogitatively selected, with high average authority index of 0.81. The average individual repeatability of selected panelists was 85%, while the group repeatability was above 70%. It was found that the career time of the expert had significant influence on the evaluation result (P < 0.05), which suggested that practice makes repeatability. Some panelists of different career type and education background concluded different results, but no statistical significance was found. Furthermore, four predominant organoleptic parameters, shape, color, texture and section characteristics, were selected based on statistics and panelists' discussion to judge the commercial specification of rhubarb. In conclusion, we firstly demonstrated the organoleptic evaluation is an objective and repeatable approach to judge the commercial specification of CMM; and we recommend Delphi method to do validation and standardization for the conventional experiences of traditional Chinese medicine.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 10/2010; 35(20):2657-61.
