-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The diverse natural environment in China causes the spatial heterogeneity of China population distribution. It is essential to understand the interrelations between the population distribution pattern and natural environment to enhance the understanding of the man-land relationship and the realization of the sustainable management for the population, resources, and environment. This paper analyzed the China population distribution by adopting the index of population density (PD) in combining with spatial statistic method and Lorenz curve, and discussed the effects of the natural factors on the population distribution and the interrelations between the population distribution and 16 indices including average annual precipitation (AAP), average annual temperature (AAT), average annual sunshine duration (AASD), precipitation variation (PV), temperature variation (TV), sunshine duration variation (SDV), relative humidity (RH), aridity index (AI), warmth index ( WI), > or = 5 degrees C annual accumulated temperature (AACT), average elevation (AE), relative height difference (RHD), surface roughness (SR), water system density (WSD), net primary productivity (NPP), and shortest distance to seashore (SDTS). There existed an obvious aggregation phenomenon in the population distribution in China. The PD was high in east China, medium in central China, and low in west China, presenting an obvious positive spatial association. The PD was significantly positively correlated with WSD, AAT, AAP, NPP, AACT, PV, RH, and WI, and significantly negatively correlated with RHD, AE, SDV, SR, and SDTS. The climate factors (AAT, WI, PV, and NPP), topography factors (SR and RHD), and water system factor (WSD) together determined the basic pattern of the population distribution in China. It was suggested that the monitoring of the eco-environment in the east China of high population density should be strengthened to avoid the eco-environmental degradation due to the expanding population, and the conservation of the eco-environment in the central and west China with vulnerable eco-environment should also be strengthened to enhance the population carrying ability of these regions and to mitigate the eco-environmental pressure in the east China of high population density.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 12/2012; 23(12):3488-95.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Socio-economic factors have significant influences on air quality and are commonly used to guide environmental planning and management. Based on data from 85 long-term daily monitoring cities in China, air quality as evaluated by AOFDAQ-A (Annual Occurrence Frequency of Daily Air Quality above Level III), was correlated to socio-economic variable groups of urbanization, pollution and environmental treatment by variation partitioning and hierarchical partitioning methods. We found: (1) the three groups explained 43.5% of the variance in AOFDAQ-A; (2) the contribution of "environmental investment" to AOFDAQ-A shown a time lag effect; (3) "population in mining sector" and "coverage of green space in built-up area" were respectively the most significant negative and positive explanatory socio-economic variables; (4) using eight largest contributing individual factors, a linear model to predict variance in AOFDAQ-A was constructed. Results from our study provide a valuable reference for the management and control of air quality in Chinese cities.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987) 05/2012; 167:148-54. · 3.43 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Baiyangdian Lake is the biggest natural freshwater wetland in North China Plain. It provides important ecosystem services
such as water regulation and supply, reed production and biodiversity protection. Baiyangdian Lake, however, was threatened
by lack of freshwater in recent decades. In this paper, the hydrological changes of the lake were quantified using historical
data of water level and groundwater table, and satellite images. In addition, the relationship between water level and socioeconomic
development of the basin was investigated. The result revealed a significant decreasing trend of water level in the lake.
Water level and groundwater table of Baiyangdian Lake decreased rapidly, caused by the great increase of water withdrawal
and consumption due to socioeconomic development in the basin. In particular, population growth and the expansion of irrigated
agriculture were two major contributors to the decline of water level and groundwater table. While precipitation was positively
correlated with water level, it has less impact on water level and groundwater table than human activities. The diversion
of water to the lake raised the water level temporarily and had significant benefits on the wetland ecosystem. The best way
to solve ecological problems of Baiyangdian Lake, however, is to control the growth of population, adjust the industrial structure,
control land use conversion and improve water use efficiency at the basin scale.
KeywordsHuman activities–Water level–Groundwater table–Baiyangdian Lake
Environmental earth sciences 05/2012; 62(7):1343-1350. · 1.06 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: PurposeThe structure and dynamics of carbon metabolic process of the soil microbial community in restored forests were dependent
on the methods employed in reforestation and subsequent management. To find an appropriate method to restore degraded forests
and to assess the ecological benefits of restorations, we studied community level physiological profiles of soil microbial
communities in forests in Southern China that were restored by three different methods.
Materials and methodsCommunity level physiological profiles of soil microbial communities in restored introduced slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantation, restored native Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) plantation, and natural secondary forest in Southern China were studied based on outcomes of the BiologTM Ecoplates incubation. For each type of restored forest, 15 experimental plots were randomly selected in Southern China. In
each plot, three composite samples of 0 to 10cm depth were obtained from three subplots for the analyses.
Results and discussionIt was found that the soil microbial communities of three types of restored forests were capable of metabolizing all 31 preselected
carbon substrates on BiologTM Ecoplates. However, the soil microbial community of the natural secondary forest was more diverse in structure of carbon
metabolism, and more efficient in utilizing the carbon substrates than those of the Masson pine and slash pine plantations
that had to acclimate and adopt different biochemical pathways to metabolize some of the carbon substrates. Soil available
N content, moisture content, organic C content, microbial biomass C content, pH, clay content, and Shannon–Wiener diversity
index of tree layer were factors contributing to the carbon source utilization structure of the soil microbial communities
for the three types of restored forests.
ConclusionsThe soil microbial communities of all three types of restored forests would provide the same ecological services in metabolizing
carbon sources in the forest soils. The microbial community of the natural secondary forest was consistently more efficient
in carbon utilization than those of the Masson pine and slash pine plantation and often the Masson pine plantations were more
efficient than that of the slash pine plantations. The natural secondary forest had a more diverse and stable soil microbial
ecosystem and would be more adaptable to and respond more rapidly to environmental changes.
KeywordsCarbon source utilization–Ecosystem services–Forest restoration type–Redundancy analysis–Soil microbial community
Journal of Soils and Sediments 04/2012; 11(5):789-799. · 1.86 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario
of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides
an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes
of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen’s tests are employed to analyze the interannual
changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitation in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study
finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant
increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude,
but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle
to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation
occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing
trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.
Journal of Mountain Science 04/2012; 6(3):255-265. · 1.00 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature
Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller
soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared
to abandoned land (DI=–262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI=–194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI=–358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively
influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural
regeneration, can improve soil quality.
Journal of Forest Research 04/2012; 14(4):221-228. · 0.77 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Plant species composition is a critical issue in ecological research. Studies on the characteristics of plant species composition
in the built-up areas, however, are hampered by a lack of basic field-based investigation. In this article, the plant species
composition in the built-up areas of Beijing, China, is investigated using abundant field observations. The origin of species,
chorological spectra, life forms and plant communities were determined. The characteristic species in each type of green space
were determined by k-means classification, and urban plant communities were identified by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Plant
species composition in the built-up areas was further compared with that in natural mountain floras in Beijing to reveal the
differences in life form composition and chorological spectra, and the coincidence of species in the two communities. A total
of 618 plant species belonging to 349 genera and 103 families were identified. Our results revealed wide chorological spectra
with trees dominated by deciduous species. Although native plant species were widely distributed, 53% of the plant species
were aliens, among which 67% were introduced from America and other Asian countries. Furthermore, the characteristics of the
plant species composition in the built-up areas are significantly different from those of the natural habitats. Our results
highlight the dramatic changes in characteristics of plant species composition in the built-up area of Beijing. Several suggestions
are proposed to increase the diversity of native species through the planning and management of green spaces.
KeywordsUrban greening-Urban ecology-Species origin-Chorological spectra-Life form-Plant community
Plant Ecology 04/2012; 209(2):189-204. · 1.83 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The O(3) uptake in 17 adult trees of six urban species was evaluated by the sap flow-based approach under free atmospheric conditions. The results showed very large species differences in ground area scaled whole-tree ozone uptake (F(o)₃), with estimates ranging from 0.61 ± 0.07 nmol m(-2) s(-1) in Robinia pseudoacacia to 4.80 ± 1.04 nmol m(-2) s(-1) in Magnolia liliiflora. However, average F(o)₃by deciduous foliages was not significantly higher than that by evergreen ones (3.13 vs 2.21 nmol m(-2) s(-1), p = 0.160). Species of high canopy conductance for O(3) (G(o)₃) took up more O(3) than those of low G(o)₃, but that their sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit (D) were also higher, and their F(o)₃decreased faster with increasing D, regardless of species. The responses of F(o)₃to D and total radiation led to the relative high flux of O(3) uptake, indicating high ozone risk for urban tree species.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987) 03/2012; 162:275-86. · 3.43 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Natural ecosystems provide society with important goods and services. With the rapid increase in human populations and excessive utilization of natural resources, humans frequently enhance the production of some services at the expense of the others. Although the need for tradeoffs between conservation and development is urgent, the lack of efficient methods to assess such tradeoffs has impeded progress. Three land use strategy scenarios (development scenario, plan trend scenario and conservation scenario) were created to forecast potential changes in ecosystem services from 2007 to 2050 in Beijing, China. GIS-based techniques were used to map spatial and temporal distribution and changes in ecosystem services for each scenario. The provision of ecosystem services differed spatially, with significant changes being associated with different scenarios. Scenario analysis of water yield (as average annual yield) and soil retention (as retention rate per unit area) for the period 2007 to 2050 indicated that the highest values for these parameters were predicted for the forest habitat under all three scenarios. Annual yield/retention of forest, shrub, and grassland ranked the highest in the conservation scenario. Total water yield and soil retention increased in the conservation scenario and declined dramatically in the other two scenarios, especially the development scenario. The conservation scenario was the optimal land use strategy, resulting in the highest soil retention and water yield. Our study suggests that the evaluation and visualization of ecosystem services can effectively assist in understanding the tradeoffs between conservation and development. Results of this study have implications for planning and monitoring future management of natural capital and ecosystem services, which can be integrated into land use decision-making.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 01/2012; 24(3):419-26. · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Transpiration patterns of Aesculus chinensis in relation to explanatory variables in the microclimatic, air quality, and biological phenomena categories were measured in Beijing, China using the thermal dissipation method. The highest transpiration rate measured as the sap flux density of the trees took place from 10:00 am to 13:00 pm in the summer and the lowest was found during nighttime in the winter. To sort out co-linearity, principal component analysis and variation and hierarchical partitioning methods were employed in data analyses. The evaporative demand index (EDI) consisting of air temperature, soil temperature, total radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and atmospheric ozone (O3), explained 68% and 80% of the hourly and daily variations of the tree transpiration, respectively. The independent and joint effects of EDI variables together with a three-variable joint effect exerted the greatest influences on the variance of transpiration rates. The independent effects of leaf area index and atmospheric O3 and their combined effect exhibited minor yet significant influences on tree transpiration rates.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 01/2012; 24(7):1278-87. · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Aiming at the features of Haihe River basin, and by using RS and GIS technologies in combining with qualitative and quantitative analyses, a regionalization was conducted on the ecological function of the basin. The Haihe River basin could be divided into 5 ecoregions, 24 sub-ecoregions, and 114 eco-functional zones. Furthermore, 11 critical eco-functional zones were identified, according to the dominant functions (water conservation, soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, and biodiversity protection) at basin scale. This regionalization made clear the regions important for the ecological security of Haihe River basin, which could guide the orderly exploitation and utilization of natural resources and the rational distribution of industries, offer scientific basis for the ecological environment protection, and maintain the ecological security of the basin.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 09/2011; 22(9):2377-82.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A total of 140 endangered species in Hainan Island were selected as indicator species, and their spatial distribution patterns were analyzed by using mechanism habitat model. Based on the iterative operation with systematic conservation planning tool MARXAN, the priority areas of these species were identified and evaluated. The priority areas had an area of 5383.7 km2, accounting for 15.6% of the total land area of the Island, and mainly distributed in some forest regions (Yinggeling, Jianfengling and Wuzhishan) and in northern part water source regions. In the priority areas, the conservation proportion of 11 1st grade indicator species habitats occupied at least 65% of all the habitats. Through the gap analysis of priority areas and current nature reserves, it was suggested that an expansion of Jianfengling, Yinggeling-Limushan, and Wuzhishan-Diaoluoshan nature reserves and the establishment of Baolonglinchang-Linbiling-Fuwanling protection system should be made, and the protection areas for water source conservation and endangered species should be established in the northern part of the Island.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 08/2011; 22(8):2105-12.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A pot experiment with litter bags was conducted to study the relationships between the initial chemical composition of 8 kind forest leaf litters and 4 kind mixed leaf litters and their decomposition rates in degraded red soil hilly region of Southern China. Comparing with needle-leaf litters, broad-leaf litters had significantly higher contents of N, P, K, and Mg, but significantly lower contents of lignin and C. The decomposition rates of test litters were significantly positively correlated with the litters initial contents of N, P, K, and Mg (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the initial contents of lignin and C as well as the lignin/N, lignin/P, and C/P ratios (P < 0. 05). The lignin content explained 54.3% of the variation in litter decomposition rates, being the key affecting factor. Litters C, N, and P contents also had close correlations with the decomposition rates, and together with lignin content, contributed 81.4% of the variation. It was suggested that in the process of vegetation restoration in degraded red soil hilly region of Southern China, introducing broad-leaf trees with lower lignin and higher N and P contents would benefit the acceleration of forest litters decomposition and the restoration of soil fertility.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 03/2011; 22(3):565-70.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In order to clarify the environmental factors affecting the water use of typical urban tree species Magnolia liliflora, an investigation was conducted on the responses of M. liliiflora whole-tree sap flow to the air temperature, air relative humidity, radiation, wind speed, soil temperature and water content, and precipitation in Beijing from April to October, 2008. The eight environmental factors affecting M. liliiflora whole-tree sap flow could be divided into three categories, i.e., evaporative demand index, soil index, and precipitation index. The evaporative demand index (air temperature, air relative humidity, total radiation, wind speed, and vapor pressure deficit) could explain 60% of the variation in the sap flow of individual trees, which presented S-type change trend, i.e., the sap flow reached an asymptote where higher light and evaporative demands could not cause sap flow to increase further. Soil index (soil temperature and water content) and precipitation index (precipitation amount) had little influence on the sap flow.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 03/2011; 22(3):571-6.
-
FEIXIANG ZHENG,
XIAOKE WANG,
FEI LU,
PEIQIANG HOU,
WEIWEI ZHANG,
XIAONAN DUAN,
XIAOPING ZHOU,
YONGPING AI, HUA ZHENG,
ZHIYUN OUYANG,
ZONGWEI FENG
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Few investigations have been made on the impact of elevated ozone (O3) concentration on methane (CH4) emission from rice paddies. Using open-top chambers in situ with different O3 treatments, CH4 emissions were measured in a rice paddy in Yangtze River Delta, China in 2007 and 2008. There were four treatments applied: charcoal-filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and charcoal-filtered air with different O3 additions (O3-1 and O3-2). The mean O3 concentrations during the O3 fumigation were 19.7, 22.6, 69.6 and 118.6 ppb in 2007 and 7.0, 17.4, 82.2 and 138.3 ppb in 2008 for treatments CF, NF, O3-1 and O3-2, respectively. The rice yields, as compared with CF, were reduced by 32.8% and 37.1%, 58.3% and 52.1% in treatments O3-1 and O3-2 in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The diurnal patterns of CH4 emission varied temporally with treatments and there was inconsistence in diurnal variations in CH4 emissions from the paddy field. The daily mean CH4 emissions were significantly lower in treatments O3-1 and O3-2 than those in treatments CF and NF. Compared with CF treatment, CH4 emissions from the paddy field were decreased to 46.5% and 38.3%, 50.6% and 46.8% under treatments O3-1 and O3-2 in the whole growing seasons of 2007 and 2008, respectively. The seasonal mean CH4 emissions were negatively related with AOT40 (accumulative O3 concentration above 40 ppb; P < 0.01 in both years), but positively related to the relative rice yield (reference to CF; P < 0.01 in 2007 and P < 0.001 in 2008), aboveground biomass (P < 0.01 in both years) and underground biomass (P < 0.01 in 2007 and P < 0.05 in 2008). The decreased CH4 emission from the rice paddy due to an increased O3 exposure might partially mitigate the global warming potential induced by soil carbon loss under elevated O3 concentrations.
Global Change Biology 01/2011; 17(2):898 - 910. · 6.86 Impact Factor
-
Fei Lu,
Le Yang,
Xiaoke Wang,
Xiaonan Duan,
Yujing Mu,
Wenzhi Song,
Feixiang Zheng,
Junfeng Niu,
Lei Tong, Hua Zheng,
Yongjuan Zhou,
Jiangxiao Qiu,
Zhiyun Ouyang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recently reported summertime methane (CH4) emissions (6.7 +/- 13.3 mg CH4/(m2 x hr)) from newly created marshes in the drawdown area of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China have triggered broad concern in academic circles and among the public. The CH4 emissions from TGR water surfaces and drawdown areas were monitored from 3rd June to 16th October 2010 with floating and static chambers and gas chromatography. The average CH4 emission flux from permanently flooded areas in Zigui, Wushan and Yunyang Counties was (0.33 +/- 0.09) mg CH4/(m2 x hr). In half of these hottest months of the year, the wilderness, cropland and deforested drawdown sites were aerobic and located above water level, and the CH4 emissions were very small, ranging from a sink at 0.12 mg CH4/(m2 x hr) to a source at 0.08 mg CH4/(m2 x hr) except for one mud-covered site after flood. Mean CH4 emission in flooded drawdown sites was 0.34 mg CH4/(m2 x hr). The emissions from the rice paddy sites in the drawdown area were averaged at (4.86 +/- 2.31) mg CH4/(m2 x hr). Excepting the rice-paddy sites, these results show much lower emission levels than previously reported. Our results indicated considerable spatial and temporal variation in CH4 emissions from the TGR. Human activities and occasional events, such as flood, may also affect emission levels. Long-term CH4 measurements and modeling in a large region are necessary to accurately estimate greenhouse gas emissions from the TGR.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 01/2011; 23(12):2029-33. · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: As a conventional farming practice, tillage has lasted for thousands of years in Loess Plateau, China. Although recent studies show that tillage is a prominent culprit to soil carbon loss in croplands, few studies have investigated the influences of tillage on the responses of soil CO2 efflux (SCE) to soil temperature and moisture. Using a multi-channel automated CO2 efflux chamber system, we measured SCE in situ continuously before and after the conventional tillage in a rain fed wheat field of Loess Plateau, China. The changes in soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of SCE, denoted by the Q10 value and linear regression slope respectively, were compared in the same range of soil temperature and moisture before and after the tillage. The results showed that, after the tillage, SCE increased by 1.2-2.2 times; the soil temperature sensitivity increased by 36.1%-37.5%; and the soil moisture sensitivity increased by 140%-166%. Thus, the tillage-induced increase in SCE might partially be attributed to the increases in temperature and moisture sensitivity of SCE.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 01/2011; 23(1):79-86. · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Methane emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs can comprise a considerable portion of anthropogenic methane. However, lack of data on CH4 emissions in different geographical regions and high spatial-temporal variability in the emission rates of reservoirs has led to uncertainties regarding regional emission estimates of CH4. In the subtropical plateau climate region, we used the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir as a study area. The CH4 flux at the air-water interface was assessed by floating chambers and factors influencing emissions, including the distance from the dam, water depth, seasonal variation in wet and dry season, air-water temperature gradient and wind speed, and was also studied through a year-long systematic sampling and monitoring experiment. The results showed that the surface of the reservoir was a source of CH4 during the sampling period and the annual average CH4 flux was 2·80 ± 1·52 mg m−2 d−1. CH4 flux (and its variation) was higher in the shallow water areas than in the deep-water areas. CH4 flux near the dam was significantly higher than that of other locations farther from the dam in the dry season. The seasonal variations of CH4 emission in wet and dry seasons were minor and significant diurnal variations were observed in wet and dry seasons. Exponential relationships between the CH4 flux and air-water temperature gradient were found. Air-water temperature gradient was an important factor influencing diurnal variations of CH4 flux in the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir. These results indicate that systematic sampling is needed to better estimate CH4 flux through coverage of the spatial variation of different water depths, measuring-point distance from the dam, seasonal variation in wet and dry seasons and changes in climate factors (such as air-water temperature gradient). Our results also provide a fundamental parameter for CH4 emission estimation of global reservoirs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological Processes 11/2010; 25(9):1391 - 1396. · 2.49 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: According to the connotation of ecosystem services, an evaluation index system for the agro-ecosystem services in the Haihe River basin of China was established, and the economic value of the agro-ecosystem services and environmental costs were evaluated by the methods of market valuation, shadow price, and opportunity cost. In 2005, the total environmental benefit value of the agro-ecosystem services in the basin was 180. 264 billion RMB, with the regulation value of 79.416 billion RMB (44.06%) and the supporting value of 100.848 billion RMB (55.94%). Provision and cultural services were not considered in this research. From the viewpoint of functional type, the ecosystem services value from high to low was in the order of oxygen release > water conservation > nutrient cycling > soil conservation > waste purification > environmental purification > carbon sequestration > straw returning. The environmental costs of the agro-ecosystem were quite high (42. 293 billion RMB), among which, fertilizer loss was 427.42 x 10(4) t, equivalent to 15.191 billion RMB, and greenhouse gases production was calculated as 3599.65 x 10(4) t CO2, equivalent to 27. 102 billion RMB.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 11/2010; 21(11):2938-45.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Straw returning is considered to be one of the most promising carbon sequestration measures in China's cropland. A compound model, namely "Straw Returning and Burning Model-Expansion" (SRBME), was built to estimate the net mitigation potential, economic benefits, and air pollutant reduction of straw returning. Three scenarios, that is, baseline, "full popularization of straw returning (FP)," and "full popularization of straw returning and precision fertilization (FP + P)," were set to reflect popularization of straw returning. The results of the SRBME indicated that (1) compared with the soil carbon sequestration of 13.37 Tg/yr, the net mitigation potentials, which were 6.328 Tg/yr for the FP scenario and 9.179 Tg/yr for the FP + P scenario, had different trends when the full budget of the greenhouse gases was considered; (2) when the feasibility in connection with greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, economic benefits, and environmental benefits was taken into consideration, straw returning was feasible in 15 provinces in the FP scenario, with a total net mitigation potential of 7.192 TgCe/yr and the total benefits of CNY 1.473 billion (USD 216.6 million); (3) in the FP + P scenario, with the implementation of precision fertilization, straw returning was feasible in 26 provinces with a total net mitigation potential of 10.39 TgCe/yr and the total benefits of CNY 5.466 billion (USD 803.8 million); (4) any extent of change in the treatment of straw from being burnt to being returned would contribute to air pollution reduction; (5) some countermeasures, such as CH(4) reduction in rice paddies, precision fertilization, financial support, education and propaganda, would promote the feasibility of straw returning as a mitigation measure.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 05/2010; 1195 Suppl 1:E107-30. · 3.15 Impact Factor
