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ABSTRACT: Abstract Hyperlipidemia can lead to atherosclerosis by lipoprotein deposition inside the vessel wall and oxidative stress induction that leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles (Ox-LDL) have a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The lipid-lowering properties and antioxidants of the grape seed can be beneficial in atherosclerosis prevention. We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial. Fifty-two mildly hyperlipidemic individuals were divided into two groups that received either 200 mg/day of the red grape seed extract (RGSE) or placebo for 8 weeks. After an 8-week washout period, the groups were crossed over for another 8 weeks. Lipid profiles and Ox-LDL were measured at the beginning and the end of each phase. RGSE consumption reduced total cholesterol (-10.68±26.76 mg/dL, P=.015), LDL cholesterol (-9.66±23.92 mg/dL, P=.014), and Ox-LDL (-5.47±12.12 mg/dL, P=.008). While triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by RGSE, the changes were not statistically significant. RGSE consumption decreases Ox-LDL and has beneficial effects on lipid profile-consequently decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders-in mild hyperlipidemic individuals.
Journal of medicinal food 02/2013; · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study was to determine the alterations in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and Tumor Necrosis factor alpha levels in the blood serum of pseudoexfoliation syndrome cases (a disease with similar risk factors as systemic endothelial dysfunction diseases) and to compare the results with healthy individuals.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and Tumor Necrosis factor alpha levels were determined in 30 cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and in 30 control patients of the same age and sex, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The levels of high- sensitivity C-reactive protein and Tumor Necrosis factor alpha in the blood serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (3.95±0.88 mg/l, 3.32±0.99 pg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than in the control group (2.51±0.79mg/l, 0.43±0.15 pg/ml, respectively) p=0.001, p=0.002.
The results suggest that increased levels of high- sensitivity C-reactive protein and Tumor Necrosis factor alpha, as markers of inflammation and peripheral endothelial dysfunction in pseudoexfoliation syndrome, may be risk factors for systemic and ocular manifestations of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Oman medical journal. 01/2013; 28(1):16-9.
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ABSTRACT: Serum receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand and osteoprotegrin are mediated to vascular calcification in the general population. Our knowledge is very sparse in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand, osteoprotegrin, intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus were measured in blood samples of 45 hemodialysis and 45 age-matched renal transplant patients. Osteoprotegrin (P = 0.001) and intact parathyroid hormone (P = 0.001) levels in the hemodialysis patients were higher than the renal transplant recipients. Osteoprotegrin had positive correlation with duration of dialysis and age in the hemodialysis (r = 0.88, P = 0.001 and r = 0.34, P = 0.02, respectively) and renal transplant patients (r = 0.92, P = 0.001 and r = 0.46, P = 0.001, respectively). Hemodialysis patients have higher osteoprotegrin levels than the renal transplant recipients. It may act as a protective factor for renal osteodystrophy or only as a secondary phenomenon of advanced renal failure.
Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis: official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 12/2012; 16(6):600-4. · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on oxidative stress in hemodialysis (HD) patients through evaluating total antioxidant capacity (TAC), whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. DESIGN AND SETTING: Double-blinded randomized controlled trialfrom October 2006 to December 2007 at Tabriz Imam Khomeini Hospital. SUBJECTS: Sixty-five HD patients were randomly enrolled into 2 groups. INTERVENTION: Patients received placebo in group A and zinc (100 mg/day) in group B for 2 months. After a washout period for 2 months, the groups were crossed over and the study was continued for an additional 2 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum zinc concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. TAC, GSH level, and SOD activity were determined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. MDA level was measured using a thiobarbituric acid method. RESULTS: The levels of serum zinc, TAC, GSH (P < .001 for all), and SOD activity (P < .001 for group A and P = .003 for group B) significantly increased after zinc supplementation whereas the serum level of MDA decreased after the same period (P = .003 for group A and P < .001 for group B). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation for 2 months improved the serum levels of zinc, antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation in HD patients.
Journal of Renal Nutrition 11/2012; · 1.57 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background and Aims: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) face an increased risk of atherosclerosis, a crucial problem and the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on paraoxonase (PON) enzyme activity in patients on HD. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2005 to June 2007. Sixty HD patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: treatment (case) and control. The treatment and control groups were treated with 100 mg/day zinc or placebo, respectively, for 2 months. Serum zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. PON activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. Lipid profile was determined using commercial kits, and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) and B (Apo-B) levels were measured by commercial immunoturbidimetric kits. Results: In the case group, there was no significant change in the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Apo-B levels, while the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apo-AI, and PON activity were significantly increased (p = 0.02). In the control group, although significant increases were observed in the serum levels of TC, TG, and Apo-B (p = 0.009, 0.019, and 0.001, respectively), the serum PON activity was significantly decreased (p = 0.025) and the serum levels of HDL, LDL, and Apo-AI were not changed. At the end of intervention period, the serum level of Apo-AI and PON activity were significantly higher in the case group. Conclusions: Zinc supplementation increased both the activity of PON and the serum level of Apo-AI in the HD patients.
Renal Failure 09/2012; 34(9):1123-8. · 0.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to determine the effect of fish oil (FO) supplements on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-AI (Apo-AI), malondialdehyde (MDA), arylesterase (Aryl), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
A total of 90 RA patients were randomly allocated into two groups that were treated with one FO pearl (1 gr) daily or placebo for three months in addition to conventional treatment. HDL-C, Apo-AI, and MDA levels as well as PON1 and Aryl activities were measured before and after treatment. Independent t-test was used to match basal parameters of case and control groups. Paired t-test was used to assess significance of the differences. Correlation was evaluated by Pearsons test and the statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
No significant differences were noted between FO and placebo patients with regards to age, disease duration, post-menopausal status, conventional therapy, body mass index (BMI), and numbers of swollen and tender joints at the beginning of the study. There were 83 patients who completed the three-month follow up. Serum levels of HDL-C (P = 0.018), Apo-AI (P = 0.165), Aryl (P = 0.026), and PON1 (P = 0.049) activity increased, whereas MDA levels decreased significantly with FO supplementation (P = 0.077). Significant correlations between increased PON1 activity and both HDL-C (P = 0.007, r = 0.419) and Apo-AI (P < 0.001, r = 0.742) concentrations as well as between HDL-C and Apo AI levels (P = 0.01, r = 0.403) were found.
According to the results of this study, FO could increase serum HDL-C and PON1 levels and Aryl activity in female patients with RA.
Archives of Iranian medicine 09/2012; 15(9):549-52. · 0.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate of Fetuin-A and Pentraxin3 (PTX3) as the main factors for vascular calcification and inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) and renal transplant (RT) patients.
Serum was obtained from 45 stable chronic HD patients and 44 stable RT recipients. Biochemical factors, intact Parathormone, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Fetuin-A and PTX3 levels were determined by standard methods.
In the RT recipients PTX3 level was significantly higher than the HD patients [5.78(1.09-20.36) ng/mL vs. 1.65(0.24-7.89) ng/mL, p ≤ 0.001]. Serum Fetuin-A concentration was significantly higher in the HD compared to RT group [43.39(27.75-81.48) ng/mL vs. 38.76(22.26-89.07) ng/mL, p=0.020]. hsCRP level was also higher in the HD than the RT group [2.90(0.1-8.50) mg/L vs. 1.1(0.1-7.9) mg/L, p=0.003].
Although our study shows that serum PTX3 is increased and Fetuin-A is decreased after successful RT, their direct role on atherosclerosis needs further studies in the future.
Clinical biochemistry 04/2012; 45(10-11):775-9. · 2.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Disequilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels has been proposed as an important case of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate homocysteine (Hcy) level and antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity within its phenotypes together with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) levels in the patients with exudative AMD.
Serum PON1 activity and plasma Hcy and OX-LDL levels were analyzed in 45 exudative AMD patients and compared with 45 healthy controls. Paraoxonase 1 activity was measured in serum using paraoxon and phenylacetate as substrates. The PON1 phenotype was determined using double-substrate method. Homocysteine and OX-LDL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
The distribution of PON1 phenotypes was significantly different between the patients with exudative AMD and control subjects (chi-square = 6.17, P = 0.01). AA phenotype with low activity was significantly more frequent in exudative AMD patients compared with healthy subjects (62.2% vs. 35.6%, respectively). Other phenotype frequencies in the patients compared with controls were as AB phenotype (intermediate activity) 28.9% versus 46.7% and BB phenotype (high activity) 8.9% versus 17.8%, respectively. Except in BB phenotype (P = 0.2), patients with AA and AB phenotypes had higher plasma Hcy levels in comparison to those of controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). The mean OX-LDL levels, in all 3 phenotypes (P < 0.05), and OX-LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio, in AA and AB phenotypes (P = 0.001, P = 0.1, respectively) but not in BB (P = 0.1), were significantly higher in the patients than controls. No significant differences in comparison of Hcy and OX-LDL levels between 3 PON1 phenotypes in both control (P = 0.6 for Hcy, P = 0.7 for OX-LDL) and patients (P = 0.8 for Hcy, P = 0.6 for OX-LDL) were found
Increased plasma OX-LDL levels and ratios of OX-LDL/high-density lipoprotein, as biomarkers of lipoprotein oxidative stress, higher levels of Hcy, as oxidant agent, and more common low or intermediate PON1 activity in patients with exudative AMD, compared with controls, indicate that PON1 activity is insufficient to explain the increased oxidative stress observed in exudative AMD.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 10/2011; 32(4):658-66. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis remains one of the most common infectious diseases and a leading cause of mortality world wide. There is some evidence for the possible involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in atherosclerosis. We aim to investigate total antioxidant capacity (TAC), red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) susceptibility to oxidation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
Forty-five males with active PTB (case group) and 45 healthy age-matched males (control group) were enrolled in the study. TAC, SOD and GPX activities were determined by commercial ELISA kits. MDA levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid method. LDL susceptibility to oxidation was assessed by measuring lag phase duration.
TAC, SOD and GPX activities, and lag phase duration in the case group were significantly lower than the control group (p=.002, p=.004, p=.008, and p=.004, respectively; independent), while the MDA levels was higher in case group (p=.024).
Our findings suggest a higher susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and higher levels of lipid peroxidation, and therefore, a possible higher risk of atherosclerosis in patients with PTB.
Atherosclerosis 03/2011; 217(1):268-73. · 3.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate DNA damage markers and the antioxidant status of serum and aqueous humor in glaucoma patients.
Aqueous humor and serum samples were obtained at the time of surgery from 28 patients with glaucoma and 27 patients with cataracts. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of all samples were determined by spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.
Aqueous levels of 8-OHdG were higher in glaucoma patients than in the cataract group (4.61±2.97 ng/ml versus 1.98±0.70 ng/ml, p=0.002). Serum levels of 8-OHdG were also higher in glaucoma patients than in the cataract group (17.80±8.06 ng/ml versus 13.63±3.54 ng/ml, p=0.046). The TAS levels of serum (0.55±0.13 mmol/lit versus 0.70±0.14, p=0.001), and aqueous humor (0.23±0.13 mmol/lit versus 0.34±0.15, p=0.001) in glaucoma patients were lower than in cataract patients.
Our findings provide evidence that oxidative DNA damage increases and TAS decreases in the serum and aqueous humor of glaucoma patients. These findings support the hypothesis that the formation of reactive oxygen species and/or a decrease in TAS may have an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Molecular vision 01/2011; 17:41-6. · 2.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: : To investigate the effect of lovastatin therapy and withdrawal on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activities, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) susceptibility to oxidation in people with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN).
: Lovastatin (20mg/day) was administered to 30 people with T2DN for 90days and then withdrawn for 30days. PON1 and ARE activities were measured by the spectrophotometric method. Susceptibility of LDL-C to oxidation was determined as the production of conjugated dienes.
: After 90days of lovastatin intervention, PON1 and ARE activities and LDL-C lag phase were significantly increased (p=0.004, 0.002, and <0.001), while after 30days of lovastatin withdrawal, PON1 and ARE activities and LDL-C lag phase had not changed significantly.
: Lovastatin therapy improves PON1 and ARE activities, and LDL-C susceptibility to oxidation. Despite withdrawal of lovastatin, PON1 and ARE activities, and LDL-C susceptibility to oxidation remain unchanged in people with T2DN.
Clinical biochemistry 10/2010; 44(2-3):165-70. · 2.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL) to osteoprotegerin ratio is designated as a bone metabolism equation in many rheumatologic disorders and would be modified with fish oil (FO) supplementation.
Eighty-three females with rheumatoid arthritis were divided randomly to 40 and 43 patients treated with (1 g/day) or without FO for 3 months accompanied with conventional drugs, respectively. Osteoprotegerin, sRANKL, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) serum levels were measured before and after treatment.
Serum levels of osteoprotegerin increased, although sRANKL, TNFalpha and sRANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio decreased with FO therapy. A significant positive correlation was observed between sRANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio and TNFalpha levels (r=0.327, p=0.040) in the FO-treated group.
FO could decrease the inflammatory response by lowering of serum TNFalpha levels and sRANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio.
Clinical biochemistry 04/2010; 43(6):576-80. · 2.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It was proposed that total thiols (tSH) as powerful reducing agents and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) may be associated with development of choroidal neovascularization in exudative age-related macular degeneration (E-ARMD).
In a case-control study, 45 patients with E-ARMD were compared with 45 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and OX-LDL as oxidant agents, and of tSH and glutathione (GSH) as antioxidant markers, were estimated in E-ARMD patients and controls.
The levels of Hcy (15.4±7.2 μM versus 10.7±3.7 μM; p=0.001) and OX-LDL (52.2±13.8 U/l versus 37.8±10.8 U/l; p=0.001) were statistically higher, while GSH (1.10±0.97 μM versus 2.09±1.04 μM; p=0.001) and tSH (0.31±0.06 mM versus 0.35±0.05 mM; p=0.001) were statistically lower, in the patients with E-ARMD than in the control group, respectively. The plasma OX-LDL concentration also exhibited a positive and significant correlation with Hcy (r=0.719, p=0.001) in patients with E-ARMD.
Lower GSH and tSH as antioxidant and higher Hcy levels as oxidant agents in E-ARMD patients may have resulted in an oxidative environment that was associated with OX-LDL. Further studies with more cases are required to confirm the hypothesis.
Molecular vision 01/2010; 16:2578-84. · 2.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory impacts of the aqueous extract of garlic (Ga) on the formation of cataract induced by sodium selenite (Se).
Thirty-two Wistar albino rat pups (4 equal groups: G1, G2, G3, and G4) were treated as follows: G1, subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline (0.3 mL) on postpartum (day 10); G2, i.p. injection of aqueous extract of garlic (1 mL/kg body weight) and s.c. injection of normal saline (0.3 mL) on postpartum (day 10); G3, s.c. injection of sodium selenite (20 nmol/g body weight) and i.p. injection of normal saline (0.3 mL) on postpartum (day 10); and G4, s.c. injection of sodium selenite (20 nmol/g body weight) and i.p. injection of aqueous extract of garlic (1 mL/kg body weight) on postpartum (day 10). Daily i.p. injections of aqueous extract of garlic (in G2 and G4) and normal saline (in G1 and G3) were continued for 14 days. The development of cataract was assessed over a period of 2 weeks after injection of sodium selenite. For further examination, the rats' lenses were removed and analyzed for glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities.
In G3 (Se-treated group), all rats developed grade 3 cataract in both eyes. However, in G1 (untreated control group), G2 (Ga-treated group), and G4 (Ga-Se-treated group), the lenses in both eyes of all rats remained clear (P < 0.0001). This clinical finding was associated with higher GSH level and GPX, SOD activities and lower level of MDA in the Se- and Ga-treated group (G4) compared with SS-treated group (G3) rat lenses (P < 0.003).
Intraperitoneal injection of the Ga in rat model appeared to effectively prevent Se-induced cataract, thus such herbal remedy may be considered for treatment of cataract.
Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics: the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 10/2009; 25(5):395-400. · 1.46 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We aimed to evaluate the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) level changes at the beginning and after withdrawal of lovastatin therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Thirty male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy were enrolled in the study. Lovastatin, 20 mg/d, was administered for 90 days. Afterwards, Lovastatin was withdrawn for the next 30 days. Blood samples were obtained before the intervention, on the 90th day, and days 1, 7, and 30 after withdrawal of Lovastatin. Serum level of HS-CRP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alterations in lipid profile was assessed, as well, and compared with that of HS-CRP.
Serum level of HS-CRP was significantly reduced after 90 days of lovastatin therapy (P < .001). Then, the HS-CRP reached the pretreatment baseline level on the 7th day after lovastatin withdrawal and maintained until the 30th day (P < .001). Serum HS-CRP changes showed no significant association with lipid profile except for serum total cholesterol level (r = 0.9, P = .006) after 3 months of lovastatin therapy. Their association was re-evaluated after 7 days and 1 month of treatment withdrawal and no significant correlations were found.
Our findings suggest that lovastatin decreases serum CRP level in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and 7 days after lovastatin cessation, CRP level increases again.
Iranian journal of kidney diseases 04/2009; 3(2):93-8. · 0.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: To evaluate the effects of onion juice on sodium-selenite induced cataract formation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two 10-day-old Wistar-albino rat pups were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 received only subcutaneous saline injection. In Group 2, sodium-selenite (30 nmol / g body weight) was injected subcutaneously. In Group 3, subcutaneous sodium-selenite was injected and one drop 50% diluted fresh juice of crude onion was instilled every 8 h into the right eye for 14 days; the left eye received no treatment. Group 4 rats were similar to those of Group 3, the only difference being that of undiluted fresh juice of crude onion. The development of cataract was assessed. Rat lenses were analyzed for total antioxidant (TA) level, and for activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: Both eyes of all rats in Group 1 did not exhibit cataract formation . In Group 2, all rats developed Grade 3 cataract in the lenses of both eyes. The difference in exhibited cataract in the lens of the right eyes in all rats between Group 2 and any eyes of groups 3 or 4 were significant ( P = 0.001). The mean TA level and mean activities of SOD and GPX in Group 2 rat lenses were significantly lower than the values in lenses of all rats in Group 1 ( P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.001), and in the lenses of the right eyes of rats in Groups 3 and 4 ( P = 0.001, 0.020, 0.001). Conclusion: Instillation of onion juice into the rat eyes can effectively prevent selenite-induced cataract formation. This effect was associated with increased TA level, SOD and GPX activities in the lens.
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 01/2009;
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ABSTRACT: Fifty-four juvenile male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to 9 groups including chow-fed rabbits without mineral supplementation, HC diet fed rabbits without mineral supplementation, HC + Cu, HC + Zn, HC + FeO, HC + Cu + Zn, HC + FeO + Cu, HC + FeO + Zn, and HC + FeO + Cu + Zn. Feeding HC diet resulted in a significant (P < .001) increase in the serum cholesterol, TG, LDL, and very LDL except HDL when compared with chow-fed rabbits. The highest serum lipid profiles were observed in the FeO rabbits without copper or zinc supplementation. A modest decrease in serum thiobarbituric acid reactant substances in rabbits given the HC + Zn was accompanied by a significant (P < .05) increase in antioxidant enzymes activities excluding superoxide dismutase that was markedly lower than those given the HC + Cu (12.83 +/- 2.13 vs 16.00 +/- 2.23 U/mL serum). Supplementation with copper alone in both the FeO and the non-FeO rabbits significantly (P < .001) enhanced serum ceruloplasmin activity in comparison with other groups, but co-supplementation of copper plus zinc in the non-FeO rabbits did not significantly (P > .05) affect ceruloplasmin activity in comparison with those treated with unsupplemented regimens. A significant decrease was found in sudanophilia area of rabbits supplemented with zinc (62.36% +/- 3.55%) compared to those given the HC + FeO, the HC + FeO + Cu, and HC without mineral supplementation; however, no significant (P > .05) difference in animals given the HC + Cu, the HC + Cu + Zn, and the HC + FeO + Zn was observed. Based on these findings, it may be suggested that the antiatherogenic effects of zinc in presence of copper, on which there is overloading of iron, is reduced under hypercholesterolemia.
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 02/2008; 28(2):98-105. · 1.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study the effect of losartan and enalapril on the reduction of DNA damage was evaluated in regard to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) polymorphisms.
After determination of genotypes of RAS polymorphism by PCR, 64 renal transplant recipients were randomly allocated to one of four groups: the first and second groups were treated with E (E+: 10 mg/day) and L (L+: 50 mg/day) alone, respectively. The third group received E+L (E+L+: 10 + 50 mg/day), and the forth group received no medication (E-L-). The subjects were followed for 8 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, the E group changed to L and vice versa as a cross-over design. They were followed for another 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, we checked 8-OHdG and malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarkers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively.
8-OHdG levels were significantly decreased after treatment in the E+L+ and L+ groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Only the TT genotype of AGT had the most antioxidative role regarding the treatment (P = 0.01). We found a remarkable correlation between MDA and DNA damage levels before and after intervention (r = 0.48, P < 0.001; r = 0.35, P = 0.006).
The protective effects of L+ and E+L+ on DNA breaks are surprising regarding the RAS polymorphisms.
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 02/2008; 12(1):65-73. · 1.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and homocysteine (Hcy) have been implicated as risk factors for vascular diseases. The study was performed to explore the possible relationship between retinal arteriosclerosis and serum Lp(a) and Hcy levels.
Study subjects consisted of 80 nonsmoking male patients with retinal arteriosclerosis and 54 healthy nonsmoker males as controls. Retinal arteriosclerosis was graded according to the Scheie classification. Serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins, Lp(a), and Hcy were measured by standard methods.
The serum level of Hcy was higher in patients (24.2+/-8.1 micromol/l) than controls (10.5+/-4.1 micromol/l); p<0.01. Serum levels of Lp(a) in patients (47.9+/-33.1 mg/dl) was also higher than controls (11.7+/-7.6 mg/dl); p<0.01. There was a significant direct linear correlation between the degree of retinal arteriosclerosis and Lp(a) level (r=0.61, p<0.01), the degree of retinal arteriosclerosis and Hcy level (r=0.72, p<0.01), and also between Lp(a) and Hcy levels (r=0.67, p<0.01).
The association between retinal arteriosclerosis and serum Lp(a) and Hcy levels suggests that Lp(a) as well as Hcy could play a role in the development of retinal arteriosclerosis.
Molecular vision 01/2008; 14:1692-7. · 2.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the role of 3 polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and correlate them with graft function.
The present study was performed in the Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran from September 2003 to December 2005 on 108 RTRs (66 males and 42 females, with a mean age of 37.34 +/- 4.97 years) with stable allograft function (creatinine < or =2.2 mg/dl). Following the DNA extraction from the blood leukocytes, the genotypes of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE I/D), angiotensinogen (ANG M235T), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR1 A1166C) were determined by polymerase chain reaction. The magnitude of clearance of creatinine (ClCr) in the setting of each of the above RAS polymorphisms was determined. The ClCr was measured by modification of diet in renal disease formula. Values were expressed as mean +/- SD; p< or =0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
There was no association of each genotype of the RAS alone with ClCr, serum urea, cyclosporine through level and the degree of urinary protein excretion rate. However, patients with the DD genotype of angiotensin converting enzyme + CC genotype of angiotensin II type I receptor polymorphisms had lower ClCr (p=0.05) and a higher urinary protein excretion rate (p=0.03). Other combination genotypes of RAS had no effect on allograft function. Interestingly, the percent of hypertensive patients in the C allele (70%) was more than the A allele (30%) of ATR1 polymorphism (p=0.04).
Although none of the single gene polymorphisms of the RAS affected renal allograft function, combinations of these genotypes were associated with the outcome of allograft function.
Saudi medical journal 11/2007; 28(10):1496-502. · 0.52 Impact Factor
