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ABSTRACT: 1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental chromium histidinate (CrHis) on performance and expressions of hepatic nuclear factors kappaB, an enhancer (NF-κB) and an inhibitor (IκBα) of activated B cells in heat-stressed Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). 2. A total of 180, 10-d-old Japanese quail were allocated randomly into 6 groups in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Birds were reared either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or 34°C for 8 h/d (heat stress, HS) for 32 d and fed on one of three diets supplemented with 0, 400 or 800 µg of CrHis per kg of diet. Each group consisted of 10 cages, each containing three quail. Data (performance variables and hepatic NF-κB and IκBα) were analysed using 2-way ANOVA. 3. Heat stress caused reductions in cumulative feed intake (FI) by 5·7%, weight gain (WG) by 13·0%, final body weight (FBW) by 10·3%, carcase weight by 12·6% and carcase efficiency by 2·3% and an increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed consumed, g:weight gained, g) by 8·4%. As supplemental CrHis level increased up to 800 µg/kg, there were linear increases in cumulative FI (from 602 to 609 g), WG (from 134 to 138 g), FBW (from 167 to 171 g), cold carcase weight (from 110 to 114 g) and cold carcase efficiency (from 65·5 to 66·4%) and a decrease in FE (from 4·51 to 4·42). The environmental temperature by CrHis level interaction effect on performance parameters was insignificant. Hepatic NF-κB p65 concentration was higher and hepatic IκBα concentration was lower in quail exposed to HS than in quail kept at TN temperature. Increasing supplemental CrHis level linearly inhibited hepatic NF-κB p65 expression from 134·4 to 105·3% and linearly enhanced hepatic IκBα expression from 73·4 to 99·6%. The decrease in hepatic NF-κB expression and the increase in hepatic IκB expression were more notable in the TN environment than in the HS environment. 4. In conclusion, heat stress depressed performance variables and augmented lipid peroxidation and supplemental CrHis alleviated oxidative stress through modulating expressions of stress-related hepatic nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB and IκBα).
British Poultry Science 12/2012; 53(6):828-35. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1. The effects of tomato powder supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum and egg yolk carotenoids, vitamins and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in were investigated in laying hens in mid-lay. 2. A total of 90 laying hens, 49 weeks old, were divided into 3 groups consisting of 6 replicate cages, 5 birds per cage. Birds were randomly fed on one of three diets: basal diet and basal diet added with 5 or 10 g tomato powder per kg diet. 3. As tomato powder concentration increased, there were linear increases in feed intake, egg production, egg weight and yolk colour and a linear decrease in feed conversion. Shell weight, shell thickness and Haugh unit remained unchanged in response to dietary treatments. 4. Concentrations of serum and egg yolk lycopene, β-carotene, lutein and vitamin A increased for both diets including tomato powder, whereas MDA decreased linearly with increasing supplemental tomato powder concentration. 5. Tomato powder supplementation increased egg production persistency and increased carotenoids and vitamin A contents in egg yolk, accompanied by reduced yolk lipid peroxidation.
British Poultry Science 10/2012; 53(5):675-80. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1. The effects of tomato powder supplementation on performance, egg quality,
serum and egg yolk carotenoids, vitamins and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in
were investigated in laying hens in mid-lay.
2. A total of 90 laying hens, 49 weeks old, were divided into 3 groups consisting of 6 replicate
cages, 5 birds per cage. Birds were randomly fed on one of three diets: basal diet and basal
diet added with 5 or 10 g tomato powder per kg diet.
3. As tomato powder concentration increased, there were linear increases in feed intake , egg
production , egg weight and yolk colour and a linear decrease in feed conversion . Shell
weight, shell thickness and Haugh unit remained unchanged in response to dietary treatments.
4. Concentrations of serum and egg yolk lycopene, β-carotene , lutein and vitamin A
increased for both diets including tomato powder, whereas MDA decreased linearly with
increasing supplemental tomato powder concentration.
5. Tomato powder supplementation increased egg production persistency and increased
carotenoids and vitamin A contents in egg yolk, accompanied by reduced yolk lipid
peroxidation.
British Poultry Science 09/2012; · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Curcumin, a natural polyphenol in the spice turmeric, exhibits antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study was conducted to elucidate the action mode of curcumin alleviation of oxidative stress in heat-stressed quail. A total of 180 birds (10d old) were assigned randomly to be reared at either 22°C (Thermoneutral) or 34°C (Heat stress) for 8h/d (0900-1700) until the age of 42d. Birds in both environments were randomly fed 1 of 3 diets: basal diet and basal diet added with 0, 200 or 400mg of curcumin per kg of diet. Each of the 2×3 factorially arranged experimental groups was replicated in 10 cages, each containing three birds. In response to increasing supplemental curcumin level, there were linear increases in cumulative feed intake, final body weight, and weight gain, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor two level and heme oxygenase one level; linear decreases in feed efficiency, serum, muscle and liver malondialdehyde level, respectively and inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB and heat shock proteins 70 level (P<0.0001 for all). The results indicated that curcumin alleviates oxidative stress through modulating the hepatic nuclear transcription factors and heat shock proteins 70 in heat-stressed quails.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 08/2012; 50(11):4035-41. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effect of chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) supplementation at various levels (0, 400, 800 or 1600μg Cr/kg diet) on serum concentrations of glucose and cholesterol and on serum and liver concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cu and Fe of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated. One-year-old rainbow trout (n=120) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each with two replicates of 15 fish. The fish were fed either a control diet or the control diet supplemented with either 400, 800 or 1600μg Cr/kg diet. Serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations decreased (p=0.001) with higher dietary chromium supplementation. Increasing dietary chromium supplementation linearly increased serum chromium and zinc concentrations (p=0.001). Serum copper and iron concentrations did not change (p>0.10) as dietary chromium supplementation increased. Liver chromium and zinc concentrations linearly increased (p=0.001). Also, liver Cu and Fe concentrations did not change (p>0.10) as dietary chromium supplementation increased. The results of present study conclude that supplemental chromium to the diet of rainbow trout influences serum and liver Cr and Zn concentrations, thus most probably functions of the organs as well as the welfare of raibow trout.
Aquaculture International 04/2012; 14(3):259-266. · 0.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, the effects of dietary resveratrol on the induction of heat shock proteins, transcription factors and antioxidative enzyme system in liver of quails under heat stress were investigated. A total of 180 (55-day-old) female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were reared either at 22 °C for 24 h/day (thermoneutral, TN) or 34 °C for 8 h/day (heat stress, HS; 09:00-17:00 hours) for 12 weeks. Birds in both environments were randomly fed one of three diets: basal diet and basal diet added with either 200 or 400 mg of resveratrol per kg of diet. The results showed that exposure to high ambient temperature induced decreases in feed intake, egg production, and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities but increases in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (p < 0.001). Liver Hsp70, Hsp90 and NF-κB expression was greater while Nrf2 expression was lower for quails reared under the heat stress than for those reared under the TN environment (p < 0.0001). There were linear increases in feed intake, egg production, hepatic SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities as well as Nrf2 expression, but linear decreases in hepatic MDA concentrations and Hsp70, Hsp90, and NF-κB expressions with increasing supplemental resveratrol level (p < 0.0001). Two-way treatment interactions revealed that the degree of restorations in all response variables was more notable under the high ambient temperature than that of the TN environment as dietary resveratrol concentration was increased. The results of the present study suggest that supplemental resveratrol reduces oxidative stress in heat-stressed quails through modulating the hepatic heat shock proteins and nuclear transcription factors.
J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 01/2011; 96(1):66-74. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 01/2011; · 1.69 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol derived from green tea, exerts antioxidant effects. Oxidative stress is one of the consequences of heat stress (HS), which also depresses performance in poultry. This experiment was conducted to elucidate the action mode of EGCG in alleviation of oxidative stress in heat-stressed quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 180 five-week-old female Japanese quails were reared either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or 34°C for 8 h/d (HS) for 12 wk. Birds in both environments were randomly fed 1 of 3 diets: basal diet and basal diet added with 200 or 400 mg of EGCG/kg of diet. Each of the 2×3 factorially arranged groups was replicated in 10 cages, each containing 3 quails. Performance variables [feed intake (FI) and egg production (EP)], oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] and hepatic transcription factors [nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)] were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA. Exposure to HS caused reductions in FI by 9.7% and EP by 14.4%, increased hepatic MDA level by 84.8%, and decreased hepatic SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities by 25.8, 52.3, and 45.5%, respectively (P<0.0001 for all). The hepatic NF-κB expression was greater (156 vs. 82%) and Nrf2 expression was lower (84 vs. 118%) for quails reared under the HS environment than for those reared under the TN environment (P<0.0001 for both). In response to increasing supplemental EGCG level, there were linear increases in FI from 29.6 to 30.9 g/d and EP from 84.3 to 90.1%/d, linear decreases in hepatic MDA level from 2.82 to 1.72 nmol/g and Nrf2 expression from 77.5 to 123.3%, and linear increases in hepatic SOD (146.4 to 182.2), CAT (36.2 to 47.1), and GSH-Px (13.5 to 18.5) activities (U/mg of protein) and NF-κB expression (149.7 to 87.3%) (P<0.0001 for all). Two-way treatment interactions revealed that the degree of restorations in all response variables was more notable under the HS environment than under the TN environment as supplemental EGCG level was increased. Moreover, levels of oxidative biomarkers were strongly correlated with expressions of hepatic nuclear transcription factors. In conclusion, supplemental EGCG alleviates oxidative stress through modulating the hepatic nuclear transcription factors in heat-stressed quails.
Poultry Science 10/2010; 89(10):2251-8. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Resveratrol, a polyphenol derived from red grapes, berries, and peanuts, exerts antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation on performance and serum and egg yolk antioxidant status in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 150 five-week-old quails were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 200 or 400 mg of resveratrol/kg of diet. Each diet was offered to 10 cages of 5 birds in each from 4 to 16 wk of age. Serum and egg samples were collected at the beginning and end the experimental period to be evaluated for malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A, and vitamin E. Data were subjected to analysis of covariance using the MIXED procedure. There was no treatment effect on feed intake, egg production, or egg quality parameters related to shell, yolk, and albumen. There were no effects of resveratrol supplementation on serum and egg yolk vitamin A concentrations. The quails supplemented with resveratrol had a lower serum MDA concentration (0.56 vs. 0.88 mg/L, P<0.03) and a higher serum vitamin E concentration (5.72 vs. 3.56 mg/L, P<0.008) than those not supplemented with resveratrol. Moreover, there was a linear decrease in serum MDA concentration (P<0.02) and a linear increase in serum vitamin E concentration (P<0.01) as supplemental resveratrol level increased. The treatment groups had less egg yolk MDA concentration than the control group (0.21 vs. 0.15 microg/g, P<0.002). Egg yolk MDA concentration decreased linearly in response to increasing dietary resveratrol level (P<0.0003). In conclusion, inclusion of resveratrol up to 400 mg/kg into quail diets enhanced antioxidant status of birds and eggs. Further studies should investigate the carryover effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation on product quality with respect to shelf life, antioxidant stability, and its nutritive value for human consumption.
Poultry Science 06/2010; 89(6):1190-8. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 2670-2674. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: 1. The effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D(3)) and soy isoflavones supplementation on performance, carcase recovery, bone mineral density, and tibia ash, Ca, P, and serum vitamin D concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. A total of 270 ten-d-old Japanese quail were randomly assigned to 9 treatment groups, 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Birds were kept in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermo-neutral) or 34 degrees C (heat stress) for 8 h/d (09:00-17:00 h) and given a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with one of three levels of 25-OH-D(3) (0, 250 and 500 IU/kg of diet) combined with one of three levels of soy isoflavones (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg of diet). 3. Birds kept at 34 degrees C consumed less feed and gained less weight than control birds. An increase in body weight, feed intake (and improvement in feed efficiency and carcase recovery were found in soy isoflavones and 25-OH-D(3)-supplemented quail reared under heat stress conditions. Bone mineral density, tibia ash, Ca, and P were linearly improved by 25-OH-D(3) and soy isoflavones supplementation in both thermoneutral and heat stress groups. Serum vitamin D levels and alkaline phosphatase activity were improved by 25-OH-D(3) and soy isoflavones supplementation in both thermoneutral and heat stress groups in quail. 4. In conclusion, a combination of 25-OH-D(3) and soy isoflavones supplementation to basal diet significantly improved bone mineralisation in quail.
British Poultry Science 11/2009; 50(6):709-15. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: High ambient temperatures compromise performance and productivity through reducing feed intake and decreasing nutrient utilization, growth rate, egg production, egg quality, and feed efficiency, which lead to economic losses in poultry. Environmental stress also leads to oxidative stress associated with a reduced antioxidant status in the bird in vivo, as reflected by increased oxidative damage and lowered plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (e.g., vitamins E, A, and C) and minerals (e.g., Zn). Zinc has an important role in numerous biological processes in avian and mammalian species. For instance, Zn is an essential component of many enzymes, and it has both structural and catalytic functions in metalloenzymes. Furthermore, dietary Zn is required for normal immune function as well as proper skeletal development and maintenance. One of the most important functions of Zn is related to its antioxidant role and its participation in the antioxidant defense system. This work compiles past and present information about the role of Zn in heat-stressed poultry health.
Poultry Science 10/2009; 88(10):2176-83. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1. The effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate) supplementation on egg production and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) response of ovary and brain in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. The birds (n = 540; 55 d old) were randomly assigned to 18 groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermo-neutral, TN) or 34 degrees C (heat stress, HS) for 8 h/d (09:00 to 17:00 h; until the end of the study) and fed on a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either three levels of vitamin C (0, 250 and 500 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet) or three levels of vitamin E (0, 250 and 500 mg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of diet). 3. Feed intake and egg production were not affected by vitamin C and E supplementation under thermo-neutral conditions. However, feed intake and egg production were increased with the vitamin C or E supplementation either singly or in combination in heat-stressed quail. When vitamin was added, feed intake and egg production of quails under TN were different from those raised under HS. However, in the absence of supplemental vitamins, feed intake and egg production at TN and HS were no different. 4. Heat exposure increased serum corticosterone levels and Hsp70 expression. Serum corticosterone level was significantly decreased by vitamin C or E supplementation in HS groups for quail. Ovary and brain Hsp70 expression linearly decreased as dietary vitamin C or vitamin E supplementation increased in heat-stressed groups. However, Hsp70 expression of ovary and brain was not affected by vitamin C or E supplementation under thermo-neutral conditions. 5. The present study showed that a combination of dietary vitamin C (500 mg) and E supplementation (500 mg) may alleviate some heat stress effects of heat shock proteins of ovary and brain and egg production of Japanese quail.
British Poultry Science 04/2009; 50(2):259-65. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, the effects of different sources of selenium (Se; sodium selenite or selenomethionine) supplementation on the growth and serum concentrations of oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostane, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity] and muscle Se, MDA and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels in rainbow trouts were evaluated. The fish (n = 360; 0 + years old) with initial average weight of 20 ± 0.8 g were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 fish each in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (stocking densities, Se sources, Se levels). The fish were kept at low (25 kg m−3) or high (100 kg m−3) stocking densities and fed a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 0.15 or 0.30 mg of Se kg−1 of diet from two different forms: sodium selenite or selenomethionine. High stocking density decreased weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) when basal diet was fed (P = 0.001). A linear increase in feed intake and weight gain and improvement in FCR were found in sodium selenite (P = 0.01)- or selenomethionine (P = 0.001)-supplemented fish reared under crowding conditions. Serum and muscle Se levels and serum GSH-Px activity increased (P = 0.001) linearly, whereas serum and muscle MDA concentrations and serum 8-isoprostane decreased linearly as dietary sodium selenite (P = 0.01) or selenomethionine (P = 0.001) supplementation increased. Selenomethionine and sodium selenite supplementation decreased Hsp70 in the muscle of fish reared under crowding conditions (P < 0.05). Supplementation with Se improved growth and antioxidant status of fish and the effects of selenomethionine were relatively greater than sodium selenite in the crowded groups. Results suggest that crowding conditions cause significant detrimental effects in rainbow trout indicated by increased oxidative stress, reduced feed intake and body weight gain. İt also indicates that dietary Se supplementation offers a feasible way of reducing the losses in performance of rainbow trout reared under crowding conditions. Selenomethionine seems to be more effective than sodium selenite and the higer dose in the present study also seems to be more effective than the lower dose.
Aquaculture Nutrition 02/2009; 15(6):569 - 576. · 2.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1. Heat stress causes oxidative stress, which decreases plasma antioxidants in poultry. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, is a powerful antioxidant against lipid peroxidation. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary EGCG supplementation on performance, carcase characteristics, concentrations of malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation indicator, vitamins C, E, A, cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to a high ambient temperature of 34 degrees C. 2. One hundred and eighty Japanese quails (10 d old) were assigned at random to 6 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds. Birds were kept in cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermo-neutral) or 34 degrees C (heat stress) for 8 h/d. Birds were fed either a basal diet or the diet supplemented with 200 or 400 mg of EGCG/kg of diet. 3. EGCG supplementation linearly increased feed intake, live weight gain, feed efficiency, cold carcase weight and yield under heat stress conditions but did not show the same effect at thermoneutral conditions. Serum vitamin C, E, and A concentrations increased in birds reared at high temperature while non-significant changes occurred in thermo-neutral groups. Malondialdehyde concentrations in serum and liver decreased in all birds of both thermo-neutral and heat stressed groups as dietary EGCG supplementation increased. Heat stress-induced increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose concentrations were linearly reversed by EGCG supplementation. 4. The results indicate that EGCG supplementation improved the live performance and antioxidant status of heat-stressed Japanese quail.
British Poultry Science 10/2008; 49(5):643-8. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recent studies have suggested a protective role for lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid, in the prevention of stress including environmental stress. Tomatoes and tomato products are the major dietary source of lycopene. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary tomato powder supplementation on the performance and lipid peroxidation of meat in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to a high ambient temperature of 34 degrees C. A total of 180 ten-day-old male quails were randomly allocated into 6 groups consisting of 10 replicates of 3 birds. Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermoneutral) or 34 degrees C (heat stress) for 8 h/ d (0900 to 1700 h during the study). Birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5 or 5.0% of tomato powder. Tomato powder supplementation linearly increased feed intake, live weight gain, and feed conversion (P = 0.01) under heat stress conditions but did not show the same effect at thermoneutral conditions (P > 0.05). Heat stress significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration and decreased vitamin concentrations in the serum, liver, and muscles of quail. Serum lycopene and vitamin C, E, and A (P = 0.01) concentrations increased linearly in birds at all groups. Malondialdehyde levels in serum, liver (P = 0.001), and muscles linearly decreased in all birds of both thermoneutral and heat stress groups as dietary tomato powder supplementation increased. The results of the study indicate that tomato powder modulates the oxidation-antioxidation system of the muscles in Japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature.
Poultry Science 03/2008; 87(2):276-83. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1. Soy isoflavones play a role in calcium and bone metabolism. Poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot climate conditions and with increased age in poultry. 2. In this study, we investigated the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation on egg production, egg quality, bone mineral density (BMD), levels of osteocalcin (OC), vitamin D, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during the late laying period. 3. The birds (n = 180; 28 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups consisting of 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, soy isoflavone concentration). Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermo-neutral, TN) or 34 degrees C (heat stress, HS) for 8 h/d (09:00 to 17:00 h; until the end of the study) and fed either on a basal (control) diet or on the basal diet supplemented with either 400 or 800 mg of soy isoflavones/kg of diet. 4. Heat exposure reduced feed intake, egg production, egg quality, BMD, OC, vitamin D, Ca, P and ALP when the basal diet was given. Feed intake, egg production and egg weight were not affected, while eggshell thickness and eggshell weight increased in soy isoflavone-supplemented quails reared under TN conditions. However, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight and Haugh units were positively influenced by soy isoflavone supplementation in HS groups for quail during the late laying period. Bone mineral density, serum OC, vitamin D, Ca, P levels and ALP activity were significantly improved by soy isoflavone supplementation in both the TN and HS groups in quail during the late laying period. 5. Soy isoflavone supplementation of basal diet significantly improved egg quality and bone mineralisation in quail during the late laying period.
British Poultry Science 07/2007; 48(3):363-9. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; arginine 49.47 g kg)1 , silicon 8.2 g kg)1 , inositol 25 g kg)1), a novel composition that is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine, has potential benefits for vascular and bone health. We have previously reported that bone mineral content in-creased and the amount of Ca, P, Mg and Mn in the excreta decreased in poultry with ASI supplementation. In the present study, the effect of ASI supplementation at various levels (0, 500, 1000 mg kg –1 ASI) on growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and concentrations of body elements, operculum bone ash and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rainbow trout was evaluated. Ninety 0+ year-old rainbow trout with initial average weight of 50 ± 3 g were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, three replicates of 10 fish each. The fish were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1000 mg of ASI. Body weight gain (P = 0.25), feed intake (P = 0.36) and feed efficiency (P = 0.42) were not signifcantly influenced by the dietary ASI supplementation. Per cent operculum bone ash (634 g kg)1 versus 558 g kg)1 , P = 0.001) and ALP activity (112 UL –1 versus 92 UL –1 , P = 0.001) linearly increased as dietary ASI supplementa-tion increased. Increasing dietary ASI supplementation lin-early increased serum and whole body Ca (P = 0.01), P (P = 0.01), Mg (P = 0.05; P = 0.001) Mn (P = 0.05; P = 0.01) and Zn (P = 0.01; P = 0.02) concentrations respectively. In conclusion, ASI supplementation to the basal diet significantly improved operculum bone ash and whole body mineral content in rainbow trout and did not impact feed consumption, weight gain or FCR. Arginine, one of 10 indispensable amino acids in fish feeds, is involved both in the synthesis of substrates (polyamine and L L-proline) implicated in collagen synthesis, and in the pro-duction of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and nitric oxide (Wilson 1985; Berge et al. 1997; Chevalley et al. 1998; Colao et al. 1999; Buentello & Gatlin 2000) and utilized as a store of ATP and in organic phos-phate in the form of phosphoarginine (Berge et al. 1997). Arginine has also been reported to have an effect on immu-nological functions in mammals (Park 1993; Berge et al. 1997). Several roles for silicon (Si) have been defined, largely on the basis of rat and chicken studies (Carlisle 1972; Schwarz & Milne 1972). Silicon, an abundant trace mineral in nature is proving to be an essential ingredient for stronger bones, better skin and more flexible joints (Carlisle 1972; Schwarz & Milne 1972). It has been concluded that Si acts as a regulating factor for the deposition of calcium and phos-phorous in bone tissue (Carlisle 1970). Recent studies suggest that dietary arginine and Si may play an important role in the development, growth and modelling of long bones (Seaborn & Nielsen 2002). On the other hand, there is a direct relationship between Si and Ca in bone (Carlisle 1976). Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; arginine 49.47%, silicon 8.2%, inositol 25%; supplied by Nutrition 21 Inc, Purchase, NY) is a novel composition that provides a bio-available source of Si and arginine and has potential benefits for bone health (Russell 2005). Several studies have reported that no adverse effects are observed following administration .
Aquaculture Nutrition 03/2007; · 2.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASIdagger; arginine 49.5%, silicon 8.2%, inositol 25%) is a novel material which is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine. ASI offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. Poor eggshell quality has been a major economic concern to commercial egg producers. Poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot conditions and in older birds. The effects of ASI supplementation on egg production, egg quality, levels of osteocalcin (OC) and bone mineral content were investigated in heat-stressed Japanese quail during the later part of the laying period. The birds were randomly assigned to six treatment groups consisting of six replicates of five birds each in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, ASI levels). The birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (TN) or 34 degrees C (HS) for 8 h/d and fed either a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1000 g of ASI/kg. Heat exposure reduced egg production, egg quality and bone mineralisation when the basal diet was fed. ASI supplementation had no effect on feed intake or egg production under TN or HS conditions. However, ASI supplementation increased egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight and Haugh unit in both TN and HS groups during the late laying period. Bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly improved by ASI supplementation in both TN and HS groups. Serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased linearly with dietary ASI supplementation during the late laying period. The amount of calcium and phosphorus in the excreta decreased, while ash, mineral content, calcium and phosphorus concentrations in tibia increased in ASI-supplemented quail in both TN and HS groups during the late laying period. ASI supplementation significantly improved egg quality and bone mineralisation in quail during the late laying period and did not affect feed consumption or egg production.
British Poultry Science 05/2006; 47(2):209-15. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Skeletal abnormalities, low bone mass, bone deformities, and bone fractures increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which are of concern from both a public standpoint and a cost-of-care burden standpoint. Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; Arg = 49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) is a novel, bioavailable source of Si and Arg and one that offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. Skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common under hot climate conditions in the poultry industry. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ASI supplementation on performance and bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to the high ambient temperature of 34 degrees C. The birds (n = 180; 10 d old) were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of 3 birds. Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermoneutral; TN) or 34 degrees C (heat stress; HS) for 8 h/d (0900 to 1700 h until the end of study) and were fed a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1,000 mg of ASI/kg of diet. Heat exposure decreased performance and bone mineralization when the basal diet was fed (P = 0.001). The ASI supplement had no effect on feed intake, BW, feed efficiency, and carcass traits (P > 0.05) in quails reared under TN or HS conditions. The BMD was significantly improved by ASI supplementation in both TN and HS groups [0.72 (TN) vs. 0.60 (HS); P < or = 0.05]. Serum osteocalcin, dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Creactive protein concentrations decreased, as dietary ASI supplementation increased in quail reared under HS. This improvement was linear with increased doses of supplement (P = 0.001). In the ASI group, the amount of Ca, P, Mg, and Mn in the excreta decreased (P < or = 0.05), and the concentrations of these minerals in tibia ash increased in quail reared under HS conditions (P < or = 0.05). In conclusion, ASI supplementation to the basal diet significantly improved bone mineralization in quail and did not impact feed consumption, BW gain, or feed efficiency.
Poultry Science 03/2006; 85(3):486-92. · 1.73 Impact Factor
