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ABSTRACT: The ability of the brain to preserve adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) during alterations in systemic perfusion pressure is of fundamental importance. At increasing concentrations, isoflurane and sevoflurane have been known to alter CBF, which may be disadvantageous for patients with increased intracranial pressure. The aim was to examine the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane at increasing minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) on CBF, during controlled hypotension.
We studied eight pigs during variations in perfusion pressure induced by caval block (100, 60, 50, and 40 mmHg) under normocapnia. CBF was measured locally in a defined area (4 x 5 measurement points covering 1 cm(2)) of the motor cortex using laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Physiological variables, assessed by analysis of arterial O(2) and CO(2), hemoglobin and hematocrit, were controlled. CBF was measured during propofol (10 mg x kg(-1)x h(-1)) and fentanyl (0.002 mg x kg(-1)x h(-1)) anesthesia, and then during anesthesia with either isoflurane or sevoflurane (given in random order) at increasing MAC (0.3-1.2). After a washout period, the measurements were repeated with the other gas.
CBF was significantly higher in the cortex during normotensive (control) settings, MAP approximately 100 mmHg, compared with during hypotension (MAP 40-60 mmHg). Neither different anesthetic nor MAC or local measurement sites were found to influence CBF at any perfusion pressure.
In this experimental model, the effect of hypotension on CBF was not altered by the anesthetics used [isoflurane, sevoflurane (MAC 0.3-1.2) or propofol (10 mg x kg(-1)x h(-1))]. In this aspect (cortical tissue perspective), these volatile agents appear as suitable as propofol for neurosurgical anesthesia for patients at risk.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 06/2007; 51(5):607-13. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Several reports have shown that the direction of the postural responses induced by vestibular stimulation is affected by the positions of the neck and torso. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the postural responses to vibratory proprioceptive stimulation of the calf muscles are affected by the position of the head and thus by proprioceptive and vestibular information from the neck and head.
Ten normal subjects were exposed to vibratory proprioceptive stimulation of the calf muscles when the head was maintained in five different positions: in a neutral position facing forwards, with the head turned to the right or left sides or with the head tilted backwards or forwards. Body movements were evaluated by analyzing the anteroposterior and lateral torques induced towards the supporting surface.
The analysis showed that only the anteroposterior body sway was significantly affected by the position of the head. The anteroposterior postural responses were primarily increased during the tests with the head tilted backwards or forwards, whereas the postural responses were unaffected by head torsion towards the sides. The lateral responses were primarily affected by vision and not by the position of the head.
The findings suggest that the responses evoked by vibratory proprioceptive stimulation of the calf muscles may be affected by different mechanisms, either by purely proprioceptive information or by an interaction between proprioceptive and vestibular information. Moreover, the increasing difference between the test conditions over time suggests that fatigue of the neck muscles may be one of the factors affecting the responses induced by the perturbations.
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 07/2003; 123(5):594-9. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Methods of laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) and imaging (LDPI) have been validated and found useful for measurements of brain blood flow in several studies. The present work was undertaken to examine the cortical blood flow autoregulatory phenomenon as it has lately been questioned and claimed to be method-dependent and related to sample volume. Spatial variations in cerebral cortical blood flow (CBF(cortex)) in the pressure range 20-140 mmHg (static cerebral autoregulation; caval block/angiotensin infusion) were studied in six mechanically ventilated (hypocapnic, normocapnic and hypercapnic) pigs anaesthetized with propofol and fentanyl. Although the cortical blood flow values sampled were highly heterogeneously distributed, they were strongly pressure-dependent as well as CO2-dependent (P < 0.001). A cumulative cerebral blood flow (CBF)-pressure (MAP) plot comprising all values obtained indicated a pressure range between 70 and 120 mmHg where CBF remained almost constant. However, at the local level in the cortex (mm2) the same type of 'classic' autoregulatory flow : pressure graphs (FPG) were found in only a few of the cases of the cortical areas examined (n = 96). Alterations in blood P(a)CO2 saturation did not affect the pressure : flow relationship at low perfusion pressures, whereas at normal or above normal values, and as anticipated, hypercapnia considerably increased CBF (P < 0.001). 'Classic' autoregulatory FPGs were found only when all values sampled were clustered together, whereas, as a new finding, data are presented indicating that autoregulatory capacity is lacking at the local level at some cortical surface areas.
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 12/2002; 176(4):255-62. · 2.55 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: There are several studies indicating a correlation between treatment with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and pruritus. In order to see whether there is a possible dose-response relationship between HES and pruritus, we retrospectively studied 50 patients who had received HES in varying doses (cumulative dose 500-19500 ml) as hemodilution therapy after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Of 50 consecutive patients, 6 were excluded due to severe neurological sequelae. A questionnaire was sent to the remaining 44 patients at 6 months (5-12 months) median (range) after the end of HES treatment.
We received answers from 37 patients, of whom 54% reported pruritus. On average pruritus lasted for 15 weeks. There was significantly more pruritus in patients who received more than 5000 ml of HES versus those who received less than 5000 ml (P=0.023). Pruritus had a delayed onset and appeared as pruritic crises lasting for 2-30 min. It had a patchy distribution in most patients and no predilected locations. In 4 patients (20%) the pruritus lasted longer than 21 weeks.
Our study indicates that there is a dose-dependency for the incidence of HES-induced pruritus, and that in some cases the pruritus may be severe and long-lasting.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 08/2001; 45(6):686-9. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To establish the prevalence of unsteadiness and rotatory vertigo in peri- and postmenopausal women, and whether balance disturbances are more common in women with vasomotor symptoms and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
A validated questionnaire was sent to all 1523 women aged 54 or 55 years in Linköping, Sweden.
Daily or weekly unsteadiness was reported by 5%, and daily or weekly rotatory vertigo by 4% of all women. The frequency of vasomotor symptoms correlated with reported unsteadiness (rs = 0.23, p < 0.001). Fourteen per cent of women with daily vasomotor symptoms reported weekly or daily unsteadiness, compared with 3% of those without vasomotor symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 7.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.72-15.45). The frequency of vasomotor symptoms correlated with rotatory vertigo (rs = 0.19, p < 0.001). Ten per cent of women with daily vasomotor symptoms reported weekly or daily rotatory vertigo, compared with 2% of women without vasomotor symptoms (OR 5.21, 95% CI 1.07-25.52). No correlation was seen between vasomotor symptoms and falls. Users of HRT had the same prevalence of balance disturbances as non-users.
Women with frequent vasomotor symptoms seem to run a greater risk of unsteadiness and rotatory vertigo than do women without symptoms. This association may not be explained by means of a cross-sectional study, but there might exist a causal connection between vasomotor symptoms and balance disturbances.
Climacteric 09/2000; 3(3):192-8. · 1.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Subjects with neck problems, such as whiplash injuries, often complain of disturbed equilibrium and, in some instances, provocation of the neck position can elicit such problems. The importance of neck proprioceptors for maintaining balance is gaining increased interest, moreover the function or malfunction of the otoliths may disturb equilibrium in certain head positions. The aim of the study was to create a reference material for postural control and its dependence on head position in healthy subjects and to compare this with a set of patients with known neck problems and associated vertiginous problems. A total of 32 healthy subjects (16 men, 16 women, age range 21-58 years) as well as 10 patients age range 27-62 years (mean 44 years) with neck problems and associated balance problems since a whiplash injury were tested for postural control using the EquiTest dynamic posturographic model. The normal subjects were initially split into four age groups in order to estimate the effects of age on performance. The postural stability was evaluated for dependence of support surface conditions (stable or sway-referenced), visual input (eyes open or closed) and head position (neutral, left rotated, right rotated, extended backwards or flexed forward) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test in case of a significant factor effect. As expected, visual cues as well as stable support surface improve postural stability (p < 0.001). Postural stability is statistically different in the head extended backwards condition compared with the other four head positions (p < 0.001 in all cases) in both patients and controls. Eliminating this test condition from the analysis, only a slight (p < 0.05) difference between head forwards and head turned left remained. This pattern of results remained if the normal subjects were only split into two age groups instead of four. Finally, the patient group exhibited significantly lower postural performance than all the groups of normal subjects (p <0.01), but none of the normal groups differed significantly from each other. It is concluded that the postural control system is significantly challenged in the head extended backwards condition in both normal subjects and patients with previous whiplash injury and persistent neck problems. The patient group differed statistically from all groups of normal subjects. This suggests that neck problems impair postural control, and that the head extended position is a more challenging task for the postural system to adapt to. Whether this is due to utricular malpositioning, central integrative functions or cervical proprioceptive afferents is not within the scope of this study to answer.
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 03/2000; 120(2):151-5. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess whether estrogen treatment given to postmenopausal women without vasomotor symptoms improves balance more than placebo.
Forty healthy postmenopausal women without vasomotor symptoms were randomized to transdermal 17beta-estradiol (E2) 50 microg/day for 14 weeks or identical transdermal placebo patches. Postural balance was measured with dynamic posturography before and after 4, 12, and 14 weeks of therapy. In this test, the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems were provoked with increasing difficulty and body sway was measured with a dual forceplate. A low score showed large sway and a score of 100 showed no sway at all.
Thirty-eight women completed the study. Both groups had normal balance for their ages and near maximum scores in the three easier balance tests at baseline. In the most difficult test, both groups improved their postural balance significantly (from 13 to 32 and from 22 to 39, respectively) after 4 weeks. Thereafter, no change was seen. One problem was low statistical power, but the relative change in balance did not differ between groups. The comparison did not show even a minute advantage of E2 over placebo, so a study with higher power would probably not have shown a more pronounced effect of estrogen than placebo. The change over time did not differ between groups, which indicates a significant learning effect.
In women without vasomotor symptoms, estrogen therapy did not seem to increase postural balance significantly more than placebo. However, we could not rule out that estrogens affect postural balance in women with vasomotor symptoms.
Obstetrics and Gynecology 03/2000; 95(2):278-83. · 4.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In patients with unilateral hearing loss and dizziness it is important to rule out a cerebellopontine angle process. This is often done by audiological and otoneurological investigations. However, in many cases we must rely on the imaging of the temporal bone and the cerebello-brainstem area. The paper has presented the three dimensional (3D) Fast Spin-Echo (FSE) T2 weighted, 0.7 mm thick MR images, which in addition to being quick, does not require the use of expensive contrast material. Between September 1996 and November 1997, 152 patients with unilateral hearing loss and/or balance disorders were investigated. In normal cases the 7th and 8th nerves could be followed accurately from the brainstem to the internal auditory meatus. The found tumors were hypointense compared to the cerebrospinal fluid and could be outlined with reasonable accuracy even without gadolinium contrast. The inner ear had high signal, like cerebrospinal fluid. The patency of the cochlea could be estimated accurately. Thus, 3D FSE T2 weighted images can reliably differentiate between patients with and without pathologies of the cerebellopontine angle. The use of gadolinium contrast could be avoided in most of the cases, but contrast is necessary for differential diagnostic purposes in patients with alterations in the cerebellopontine angle or in doubtful cases.
Archives italiennes de biologie 02/2000; 138(1):87-92. · 1.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Postural control in the sagittal plane was evaluated in 22 patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and the result was compared to that of a control group of 20 uninjured subjects. Measurement of the body sway was done on a fixed and sway-referenced force plate in both single-limb and two-limb stance, with the eyes open and closed, respectively. Further, an analysis of the postural reactions to perturbations backwards and forwards, respectively, was made in single-limb stance. The results demonstrated statistically significant deficits of the postural control in the patient group compared to the control group, but also within the patient group. There was a significantly higher body sway within the patient group when standing on a stable support surface on the injured limb than standing on the uninjured limb with the eyes open, but no difference with the eyes closed. When standing on a stable support surface, there was a significantly higher body sway in the patient group standing on the injured leg than in the control group, both with eyes open and closed. The patient group also showed a significantly impaired postural control compared to the control group when standing on the uninjured leg with the eyes closed. There was no difference between the groups in the two-limb stance. When standing on the sway-referenced support surface, the patient group had a significantly larger body sway than the control group when the eyes were open, but there was no significant difference between the groups with the eyes closed. The measurement of the postural corrective responses to perturbations backwards and forwards showed that the reaction time measured from the initiation of the force plate translation, and the amplitude of the body sway was significantly greater in the patient group than in the control group. We conclude that patients with a continuing chronic ACL insufficiency several years after injury have an impaired postural control in the antero-posterior direction in single-limb stance on their injured leg. They also show a greater body sway and a prolonged reaction time when subjected to antero-posterior perturbations when standing on their injured leg.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 01/1999; 8(6):432-8. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to investigate and follow the equilibrium performance of patients with chronic polyneuropathy using Dynamic Posturography (DP) and Randomized Perturbed Posturography (RPP).
Fourteen patients with chronic polyneuropathy, aged 53-83 years, were evaluated by clinical investigation, vibrametry, DP and RPP in a six-year follow-up. The patient group was compared to 14 healthy volunteers, aged 63-80 years. The DP comprises a sensory organization (SO) part in which the platform and visual surround are stable or referenced to the patient sway, with eyes open or closed. In a movement coordination (MC) part, the platform makes active movements. In RPP, the platform moves randomly in the anteroposterior direction.
Comparison between the first and second study of the patient group showed decreased equilibrium scores under stable conditions and when vision was excluded. Compared with controls, the patients showed significantly lower scores in most of the SO test conditions except when the platform was sway referenced with stable surround; in the MC part, the patients showed prolonged muscular response latencies, and in the RPP, the patients showed increased sway areas.
The results are further evidence that proprioception is probably the single most important sensory input for postural control in humans. Posturography proved to be an objective method to study and follow the equilibrium performance in patients with PN.
Archives of Medical Research 02/1998; 29(1):39-44. · 1.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Sixty workers, consecutively admitted due to suspicion of solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE), were investigated with pure-tone audiometry, determination of speech recognition of monosyllabic words and distorted speech and cortical response audiometry (CRA). Eighteen workers not exposed to occupational solvents and noise were also investigated. The scores in the distorted speech test were significantly lower and the CRA latencies were significantly longer in the solvent group than in the control group. There was no difference between the groups in the pure-tone and monosyllabic speech recognition tests. In the solvent group, 19 subjects had one or several pathological audiological test results (values exceeding the mean result of the control group by 2 SD). Independently of the audiological examination all the workers in the solvent group underwent the traditional clinical assessment of CTE, which is based on symptoms, history of exposure, clinical neurological examination and a neuropsychological investigation. They were classified in three groups--CTE, incipient CTE and non-CTE. There was no correlation between these groups and the audiological test results. A previous report on vestibular pathology in the same group of subjects and the present investigation on hearing deficits suggest that long-term exposure to solvents causes disturbances of the central pathways in the otovestibular system. Hitherto, no attention has been paid to these disturbances in the definition of the CTE syndrome.
Scandinavian Audiology 02/1998; 27(3):131-6.
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ABSTRACT: Peripheral vestibular equilibrium disorders may originate in various parts of the labyrinth or the vestibular nerve. Traditionally, the function of the lateral semicircular canals has been assessed with caloric irrigation, and sometimes falsely been interpreted as a vestibular nerve lesion. The vertical semicircular canals are not easily assessed. Caloric testing with the head in different positions is not very helpful, but the canals may pairwise be tested using specific rotational techniques. Often the otolithic organs, capable of detecting linear acceleration forces, are forgotten as a source of vertigo and dizziness. We have implemented horizontal rotatory testing with the subject seated eccentrically facing the direction of rotation as a means of assessing otolithic function. The subject experiences a lateral tilt and is instructed in darkness to put a short light bar in the position he thinks a water surface would have, which is identical to his perceived tilt. In 39 normal subjects, a theoretical tilt of 24 degrees was estimated as approximately 19.5 degrees, and the standard deviation was 6 degrees. A side difference index was proposed to be normal if below 25%. The preliminary findings in a few patients with known labyrinthine lesions are presented. We propose that otolithic as well as lateral semicircular canal functions are useful to monitor in patients with suspected peripheral equilibrium disorders.
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 04/1996; 116(2):181-4. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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T Ledin
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ABSTRACT: Equilibrium is maintained by visual, proprioceptive and vestibular afferent influx, central coordination and motor efferents. Eleven male abstinent chronic alcoholic volunteers aged 44-65 years (mean 57 years) were investigated by randomized perturbed posturography. They had all been long time heavy drinkers. Ocular smooth pursuit and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex showed abnormalities in a previous study, but they had no signs or symptoms of polyneuropathy. The current study demonstrated larger (but generally not significantly so) sway areas, and in all tests on the randomly moving support surface the sway velocities were significantly larger than in the controls. It is concluded that randomized perturbed posturography is valuable in dysequilibrium assessment in chronic alcoholics.
Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 02/1995; 520 Pt 2:447-9.
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ABSTRACT: The effects of classical sedating antihistamines on cognitive and perceptual functions are well known. Loratadine is a new antihistamine without sedative effects. In this study, loratadine 10 and 40 mg daily, clemastine 2 mg twice daily and placebo were evaluated in 8 healthy subjects in terms of effects on equilibrium as measured with dynamic posturography. Dynamic posturography comprises a sensory organization part in which the support surface and visual surround are either stable or referenced to the patient's sway, with eyes open or closed. In a movement coordination part, the platform makes active movements. Analysis of variance showed no effects on equilibrium attributable to loratadine. Comparing substances pairwise, however, a significant difference between loratadine and clemastine was displayed in 2 out of 6 sensory test conditions. In conclusion, loratadine can be considered safe regarding balance functions.
Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 02/1995; 520 Pt 2:310-2.
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ABSTRACT: There is, not only from an economic perspective, a continuous search for surgical and anaesthetic procedures that allow out-patient surgery to be conducted. Reliable estimators of the patient's street fitness are of the utmost importance. Balancing capacity is one aspect that should be considered. Clinical methods like Romberg's are subjective and imprecise. Dynamic posturography comprises a movable support surface and visual surround that are either stable or referenced to the patient's sway, with eyes open or closed. In this study the recovery from propofol anaesthesia was studied in 8 patients who underwent surgery for minor microlaryngoscopic procedures. Dynamic posturography who performed before, and 2 and 4 h after cessation of anaesthesia. All patients who were awake had normal balancing ability already at 2 h after anaesthesia. Further studies may supply additional information of other aspects of discharge after anaesthesia.
Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 02/1995; 520 Pt 2:313-6.
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ABSTRACT: Thirty-nine patients aged 21-82 years (mean 62 years) under investigation for suspected acquired hydrocephalus were investigated by dynamic posturography before and 6-8 h after a cerebrospinal fluid tap of 20-40 ml. Dynamic posturography comprises a sensory organization (SO) part in which the platform and visual surround are either stable or referenced to the patient's sway. The eyes are closed or open. In a movement coordination (MC) part the platform makes active movements, thus introducing external disturbances in the procedure. The patients improved their balancing ability in all tests on the sway referenced platform in SO, while MC remained unaffected. It is concluded that dynamic posturography is valuable for dysequilibrium assessment in clinical evaluation of suitable candidates for ventricular shunts in acquired hydrocephalus.
Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 02/1995; 520 Pt 2:317-9.
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ABSTRACT: To study quiescent stance without applying external disturbances is not a theoretically appealing way to unveil the dynamic properties of human equilibrium. Methods to disturb equilibrium range from standing on foam surface, attaching vibrators to the calves to interfere with somatosensation, and exposure to body-position tracking environments, as in dynamic posturography (EquiTest). The EquiTest apparatus was modified by a menu-driven software to allow arbitrary movements of the support surface and visual surround, and force data were recorded for subsequent analysis. The support surface was randomly moved in the antero-posterior direction. First equilibrium was studied on the stable support surface, then low (RMS 1.3 cm) and high (RMS 2.6 cm) amplitude movements were used. Vision was either present or absent at all test amplitudes. Equilibrium was evaluated by the confidence (61%) ellipse sway area and average sway velocity during 45 s. Eleven healthy subjects aged 23-36 years (mean 29) were sedated with a short acting sedative, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg. Randomized perturbed posturography was conducted at baseline, and at about 60, 120 and 180 min after injection. Psychomotor tests were conducted at baseline, and at 30, 90, 150 and 210 min. Large interindividual variations were found. One subject could not be tested at all at 60 min due to sleepiness, whereas some subjects felt nearly full awake at 30 min. Sway areas were larger at 60 min, but not subsequently. At 60 min, sway velocities with open eyes were higher, just as when vision was absent and low amplitude movements were used. Later no effects could be shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 06/1993; 113(3):245-8. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Muscular weakness is present in many diseases. The present study attempted to model a relative weakness of postural control muscles by loading the subjects with extra weight, and the effects on EquiTest dynamic posturography and randomized perturbed posturography were assessed. Ten healthy subjects aged 15-39 years (mean 26 years) were used. Their weights ranged 53-82 kg. Equilibrium was measured with and without an extra 20% of body weight attached to the upper part of the trunk by means of pieces of lead metal placed in a specially sewn shirt. Dynamic posturography (EquiTest) comprises a sensory organization test in which the support surface and visual surround are either stable or referenced to the patient's sway, his or her eyes open or closed. In a movement coordination part the platform makes active movements. Antero-posterior sway on a stable support surface with absent or distorted visual cues was marred, and the correction pattern was altered on a movable support surface when the vision was absent. Furthermore, the EquiTest apparatus was driven by special software to produce randomized antero-posterior movements during 45 s. In addition to stable conditions, small and large amplitude perturbations were used. The subject's ability to remain in equilibrium was estimated by the sway velocity and a confidence ellipse sway area during 45 s. During weightbearing, sway areas were larger on the stable support surface both with and without vision. Postural sway velocity was lower when vision was absent both using small and large amplitudes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 06/1993; 113(3):249-52. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We have studied a consecutive series of 15 patients with long-lasting common neck pain combined with vertigo and/or unsteadiness by dynamic posturography with the head in different positions. The evaluation of disturbed equilibrium was done in the anteroposterior direction. Results were compared with 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls and 10 patients with long-lasting neck complaints without vertigo or unsteadiness. The otoneurological, audiometrical, and electronystagmographical examination was normal in all individuals. The dynamic posturography on a sway-referenced forceplate showed significantly lower equilibrium scores in the patients with vertigo/unsteadiness than in the controls when recorded in neutral position of the head, in rotation and in lateral flexion. The patients with vertigo also had significantly lower equilibrium scores in the position most prone to elicit their vertigo/unsteadiness as compared with the patients with only neck pain. Dynamic posturography was found to be of diagnostic value, indicating the presence of vertigo of cervical origin.
Journal of Vestibular Research 02/1993; 3(4):383-9. · 1.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A newly developed test for the assessment of psychomotor recovery--the perceptive accuracy test (PAT)--is described. Seventy-four subjects who performed the test though that it was easy to perform and some were motivated to try it on a number of occasions. Eight persons performed the test on different days and at different periods of time; the results were consistent and reproducible. Eight more persons were then asked to do the test 4 times at 15-min intervals; no 'learning' was seen with this test. A randomized, prospective study was then performed in two groups of 15 patients, undergoing arthroscopic procedures of the knee. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with an infusion of propofol 12 mg/kg/h for the first 15 min, followed by 8 mg/kg/h subsequently in the propofol group. In the isoflurane group, anaesthesia was also induced with propofol, but isoflurane (0.5-2%) was used to maintain anaesthesia. Alfentanil was the analgesic used in both groups of patients. Results were compared with a third group of unanaesthetised controls, who were asked to perform psychomotor tests including choice reaction time and PAT at 30-min intervals for 2.5 h. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) in psychomotor recovery on the PAT-200 between the propofol group and control groups, but not in the isoflurane and control groups at 30 min. Both groups had returned to baseline values at 60 min in the PAT-60 and PAT-200. The choice reaction time showed no significant difference in either group 30 min after the anaesthetic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 05/1992; 36(3):276-82. · 2.19 Impact Factor
