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ABSTRACT: Partition efficiency of the high-pitch locular multilayer coil was evaluated in countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) separation of proteins with an aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system using the small-scale cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (X-axis CPC) fabricated in our laboratory. The separation column was specially made by high-pitch (ca 5 cm) winding of 1.0 mm I.D., 2.0 mm O.D. locular tubing compressed at 2 cm intervals with a total capacity of 29.5 mL. The protein separation was performed using a set of stable proteins including cytochrome C, myoglobin, and lysozyme with the 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and 12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate system (pH 9.2) under 1000 rpm of column revolution. This high-pitch locular tubing yielded substantially increased stationary phase retention than the normal locular tubing for both lower and upper mobile phases. In order to demonstrate the capability of the high-pitch locular tubing, the purification of collagenase from the crude commercial sample was carried out using an aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system. Using the 16.0% (w/w) PEG 1000 - 6.3% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate - 6.3% (w/w) monobasic potassium phosphate system (pH 6.6), collagenase I, II, V and X derived from Clostridium hystolyticum were separated from other proteins and colored small molecular weight compounds present in the crude commercial sample, while collagenase N-2 and S-1 from Streptomyces parvulus subsp. citrinus were eluted with impurities at the solvent front with the upper phase. The collagenase from C. hystolyticum retained its enzymatic activity in the purified fractions. The overall results demonstrated that the high-pitch locular multilayer coil is effectively used for the CCC purification of bioactive compounds without loss of their enzymatic activities.
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 01/2011; 34(3):182-194. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) separation and purification of various ribonucleases (RNases) was performed using the small-scale cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (X-axis CPC) with aqueous-aqueous polymer phase systems. RNases B and A were well resolved from each other with an aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system composed of 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and 12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate (pH 9.2) as the mobile lower phase. The commercial RNase A samples obtained from three different companies were also highly purified using the 16.0% (w/w) PEG 1000-6.3% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate-6.3% (w/w) monobasic potassium phosphate system (pH 6.6) using the upper phase as the mobile phase. Recombinant RNase Po(1), an RNase T(1) family enzyme, was further successfully separated from the crude extract using the same solvent system with the lower phase used as the mobile phase. The RNase activities were well preserved during the CCC separation. The overall results demonstrate that the small-scale X-axis CPC is useful for a simple and rapid purification of various RNases in a preparative-scale.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 05/2009; 877(10):955-60. · 2.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Countercurrent chromatographic performance of the locular multilayer coil separation column newly designed in our laboratory was evaluated in terms of theoretical plate number, peak resolution and retention of the stationary phase in protein separation with an aqueous polymer phase system using the small-scale cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (X-axis CPC) fabricated in our laboratory. The locular column was made from 1.0 mm I.D., 2.0 mm O.D. or 1.5 mm I.D., 2.5 mm O.D. PTFE tubing compressed with a pair of hemostat at 2 or 4 cm intervals. The protein separation was performed using a set of stable proteins including cytochrome C, myoglobin and lysozyme with the 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol 1000 and 12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate system under 1000 rpm of column revolution. The 1.5 mm I.D., 2.5 mm O.D. locular tubing compressed at 2 cm intervals yielded better partition efficiencies than the non-clamped tubing using both lower and upper mobile phases with satisfactory retention of the stationary phase. The overall results suggest that the newly designed locular multilayer coil is useful to the preparative separation of proteins with aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system using our small-scale X-axis CPC.
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 01/2009; 32(8):1096-1106. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) separation of lipophilic ascorbic acid derivatives and the crude extract from Kadsura Coccinea was performed using the type-J multilayer coil planet centrifuge with a hydrophobic organic-aqueous two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/aqueous 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid at the volume ratio of (5 : 5 : 6 : 2). The lipophilic ascorbic acid derivatives were separated in the order of L-ascrobyl 2,6-dibutyrate, L-ascorbyl 6-palmitate and L-ascorbyl 6-stearate by eluting the lower phase as the mobile phase, and L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate was separated by eluting the upper phase at the opposite direction. The above solvent system was then applied to the CCC separation of the extract prepared from K. coccinea. With lower phase mobile, the extract was mainly separated into two peaks corresponding to lignans and triterpenoids accordingly. The HPLC analysis of the fractions showed that the former peak contained Kadsulignan N, Schizandrin H and Neokadsuranin as lignans, and the latter peak, Micranoic acid A, Neokadsuranic acid B and beta-Sitosterol as triterpenoids. The overall results indicate that the hydrophobic organic-aqueous two-phase solvent system used in the present studies was useful for the CCC separation of lignans and triterpenoids present in the natural products.
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 01/2009; 32(16):2361-2371. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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Kazufusa Shinomiya,
Hiroko Kobayashi,
Norio Inokuchi,
Koji Kobayashi,
Hisashi Oshima,
Susumu Kitanaka,
Kazuhiro Yanagidaira,
Haruo Sasaki,
Minoru Muto,
Michiharu Okano,
Yoichiro Ito
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ABSTRACT: The new small-scale cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (X-axis CPC) previously designed and fabricated in our laboratory has a distinctive feature such that four separation columns of similar weight are mounted symmetrically around the rotary frame to achieve stable balancing of the centrifuge under a high revolution speed. In this column layout, neighboring columns must be rotated in the opposite direction if viewed from the center of the centrifuge to avoid twisting the interconnecting flow tubes. The effect of rotational direction of the columns on the partition efficiency was evaluated with separation of a set of test samples such as cytochrome c, myoglobin, and lysozyme using an aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system composed of 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and 12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate under 1000 rpm of column revolution. A series of experiments was performed using a set of two diagonally located columns (connected in series) each consisting of five coiled layers of 1 mm I.D. with a total capacity of 27.0 mL. Both right- and left-handed coils were tested each under the optimized conditions for choice of mobile phase and direction of the column rotation so that the satisfactory volume of the mobile phase was retained in the column by the aid of Archimedean screw effect. The results of these studies showed that one particular combination of handedness of the coil and direction of the rotation yielded the best peak resolution for each mobile phase. In order to demonstrate the capability of the apparatus, the purification of ribonuclease (RNase) from the extract of bullfrog egg, sialic acid binding lectin (cSBL), was carried out using both organic-aqueous and aqueous-aqueous polymer phase systems. When using the 16.0% (w/w) PEG 1000-6.3% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate-6.3% (w/w) monobasic potassium phosphate system, cSBL was successfully separated from other proteins present in the extract while commercial RNase A was eluted at near the solvent front by the lower phase mobile. The cSBL retained its native RNase activity. The overall results demonstrated that the present new small-scale X-axis CPC is useful for the purification of bioactive compounds without loss of their native activities.
Journal of Chromatography 06/2007; 1151(1-2):91-8. · 4.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Various aliphatic dicarboxylic acids were separated by countercurrent chromatography using cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (cross-axis CPC) equipped with a pair of eccentric coil assemblies mounted in an off-center position. Partition coefficients of these samples were optimized by adjusting the volume ratio of a polar two-phase solvent system composed of methyl t-butyl ether/1-butanol/acetonitrile/aqueous 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Maleic acid and fumaric acid were separated at a volume ratio of 5:0:0:5 by the lower aqueous phase mobile, while tartaric acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid were well resolved by a more polar solvent system at a volume ratio of 2.9:0:2.9:4.3. Using the most polar binary solvent system composed of 1-butanol/water, oxalic acid, malonic acid, and succinic acid were resolved from each other by the lower aqueous phase mobile. The overall results of the present studies indicate that the cross-axis CPC is useful for the separation of various polar organic acids.
J. LIQ. CHROM. & REL. TECHNOL. 02/2007; 24(17)(2625–2634 (2001)):2625-2634.
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Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 02/2007; 24(17)(2615–2623 (2001)):2615-2623. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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08/2006;
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ABSTRACT: Countercurrent chromatographic separation of hippuric acid (HA) and related compounds was performed using the cross-axis coil planet centrifuge equipped with a pair of eccentric coil assemblies mounted in an off-center position. Partition coefficients of HA and a set of related compounds were determined on a polar two-phase solvent system composed of methyl t-butyl ether, 1-butanol, acetonitrile and aqueous 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid at various volume ratios. The optimal volume ratio of 1 : 0 : 0 : 1 was successfully used to resolve p-amino HA, HA, p-methyl HA, and (±)-mandelic acid by the lower aqueous phase mobile, and benzoic acid, p-methyl HA and HA by the upper organic phase mobile.
J. LIQ. CHROM. & REL. TECHNOL. 08/2006; 23(10)(1575–1583 (2000)):1575-1583.
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ABSTRACT: The cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (X-axis CPC) is useful for partitioning macromolecules with aqueous-aqueous polymer phase systems. The floor model we have built with a pair of separation columns had some shortcomings such as requirement of large space, short life of the flow tubes, and difficulty in installing columns. In order to improve the partition efficiency and the utility of counter-current chromatography (CCC), a new small-scale X-axis CPC was designed and fabricated in our laboratory. The down-sizing of the apparatus was done by reducing the scale to about 1/2 of our original model of X-1.5L type with several improvements. Performance of the apparatus was evaluated on protein separation using an aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 and dibasic potassium phosphate with four multilayer coiled columns. A series of experiments revealed that the combination of right- and left-handed coils produced the best partition efficiencies for both lower and upper mobile phases by selecting the revolution direction. The overall results indicate that the head-tail elution mode substantially affects to the peak resolution and stationary phase retention. This new X-axis CPC would be useful for the separation of various kinds of biologically active compounds.
Journal of Chromatography 03/2006; 1104(1-2):245-55. · 4.53 Impact Factor
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Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 01/2005; 28(6):835-846. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effect of Coriolis force on the counter-current chromatographic separation was studied using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) with four different two-phase solvent systems including n-hexane-acetonitrile (ACN); tert-butyl methyl ether (MtBE)-aqueous 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (1:1); MtBE-ACN-aqueous 0.1% TFA (2:2:3); and 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000-12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate. Each separation was performed by eluting either the upper phase in the ascending mode or the lower phase in the descending mode, each in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise column rotation. Better partition efficiencies were attained by the CW rotation in both mobile phases in all the two-phase solvent systems examined. The mathematical analysis also revealed the Coriolis force works favorably under the CW column rotation for both mobile phases. The overall results demonstrated that the Coriolis force produces substantial effects on CPC separation in both organic-aqueous and aqueous-aqueous two-phase systems.
Journal of Chromatography 03/2004; 1025(2):169-75. · 4.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Counter-current chromatographic separation of proteins was performed using a rotary-seal-free nonsynchronous coil planet centrifuge (CPC) fabricated in our laboratory. This apparatus has a unique feature that allows a freely adjustable rotational rate of the coiled separation column at a given revolution speed. The separation was performed using a set of stable proteins including cytochrome c, myoglobin and lysozyme with two different types of aqueous-aqueous polymer phase systems, i.e., PEG (polyethylene glycol) 1000-dibasic potassium phosphate, and PEG 8000-dextran T500 in 5 mM potassium phosphate buffer. Using a set of multilayer coiled columns prepared from 0.8 mm I.D. PTFE tubing with different volumes (11, 24, 39 ml), the effect of the column capacity on the partition efficiency was investigated under a given set of experimental conditions. Among these experiments, the best separation of proteins was attained using the 39 ml capacity column with a 12.5% (w/w) PEG 1000-12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate system at 10 rpm of coil rotation under 800 rpm. With lower phase mobile at 0.2 ml/min in the head-to-tail elution, the resolution between cytochrome c and myoglobin was 1.6 and that between myoglobin and lysozyme, 1.9. With upper phase mobile in the head-to-tail elution, the resolution between lysozyme and myoglobin peaks was 1.5. In these two separations, the stationary phase retention was 35.0 and 33.3%, respectively. Further studies were carried out using a pair of eccentric coil assemblies with 0.8 mm I.D. PTFE tubing at a total capacity of 20 ml. A comparable resolution was obtained using both lower and upper phases as a mobile phase in a head-to-tail elution. The results of our studies demonstrate that the nonsynchronous CPC is useful for protein separation with aqueous-aqueous polymer phase systems.
Journal of Chromatography 08/2003; 1005(1-2):103-12. · 4.53 Impact Factor
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04/2002;
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ABSTRACT: An improved model of the cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge has been designed in light of previous studies. The apparatus has a versatile feature in that both analytical and preparative columns can be accommodated in both off-center and central positions. Each has merit in separations.Retention of stationary phase was examined with various two-phase solvent systems used for the separation of biopolymers. Both analytical and preparative columns showed satisfactory retention of the stationary phase under optimum conditions. The apparatus was evaluated in separation of a set of protein samples using a polyethylene glycol—potassium phosphate biphasic system. In both types of columns all proteins were resolved with partition efficiencies of 260 to 670 theoretical plates. Further studies indicated that the relatively low partition efficiency of proteins is mainly attributed to their high molecular mass or molecular heterogeneity within each species rather than due to the high viscosity of the polymer phase system.
Journal of Chromatography A.
