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F Pérez-Miralles,
J Sastre-Garriga,
M Tintoré,
G Arrambide,
C Nos,
H Perkal,
J Río,
Mc Edo,
A Horga,
J Castilló,
C Auger,
E Huerga,
A Rovira, X Montalban
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The impact of global and tissue-specific brain atrophy on conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is not fully gauged. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the magnitude and clinical relevance of brain volume dynamics in the first year after a CIS. METHODS: We assessed 176 patients with CIS within 3 months of onset, clinically and by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, at baseline and 1 year after clinical onset. We determined the percentage of brain volume change (PBVC) and the brain parenchymal (BPF), grey matter (GMF) and white matter (WMF) fractions. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 53 months (SD = 16.8): 76 patients (43%) experienced a second attack, 32 (18%) fulfilled MRI-only 2005 McDonald criteria and 68 (39%) remained as CIS. Statistically significant decreases in the volume measures tested were observed in patients with a second attack, for BPF and PBVC; in both MS groups for GMF; whereas in all groups, the WMF was unchanged. Patients with a second attack had larger PBVC decreases (- 0.65% versus + 0.059%; p < 0.001). PBVC decreases below - 0.817% independently predicted shorter times to a second attack. CONCLUSIONS: Global brain and grey matter volume loss occurred within the first year after a CIS; brain volume loss predicted conversion to MS.
Multiple Sclerosis 05/2013; · 4.26 Impact Factor
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O Fernandez,
R Arroyo-Gonzalez,
A Rodriguez-Antiguedad,
J A Garcia-Merino,
M Comabella,
L M Villar,
G Izquierdo,
M Tintore,
C Oreja-Guevara,
J C Alvarez-Cermeno,
J E Meca-Lallana,
J M Prieto,
Ll Ramio-Torrenta,
S Martinez-Yelamos, X Montalban
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent disabling neurological disease in young adults. Its development includes independent processes of inflammation, demyelination, neurodegeneration, gliosis and repair, which are responsible for the heterogeneity and individual variability in the expression of the disease, its prognosis and response to treatment. As part of personalised medicine, the progress made in the search for new biomarkers has identified promising candidates that may be useful for the early diagnosis of the disease, for detecting prognostic and developmental profiles of the disease, and for monitoring the response to treatment. Unfortunately, few of them have been validated adequately, which prevents them from being applied in clinical practice. In view of the latest findings, the experts recommend orienting research in another direction, not so much towards the discovery of new molecules or imaging techniques, but instead towards a clinical validation of these markers, with the aim of fostering translational research. This review offers an update on the information about the biomarkers in multiple sclerosis that have currently been validated and are thus potential candidates, as well as looking at their value in the diagnosis, prognosis, evaluation of the development of the disability caused by the disease and the response to therapy.
Revista de neurologia 04/2013; 56(7):375-90. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated cellular immune responses at baseline in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with interferon (IFN)-β and classified into responders and non-responders according to clinical response criteria. Levels for IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-10 and IL-4 were determined in activated PBMC of 10 responders, 10 non-responders and 10 healthy controls by cytometric bead arrays. Cytokine levels in cell culture supernatants were similar between responders and non-responders, and comparable to those obtained in healthy controls. These findings do not support differential cellular immune responses in PBMC at baseline between IFN-β responders and non-responders.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology 03/2013; 171(3):243-6. · 3.36 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION. Immunomodulator treatment modifies the course of the disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. The patient's adequate adherence with the treatment regimen is absolutely essential. AIMS. To determine the real adherence with first-line immunomodulator treatment and to try to find out what factors may influence adequate adherence with the treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We conducted an observation-based, retrospective, longitudinal study of the patients being followed up by the Centre d'Esclerosi Multiple de Catalunya at the Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron that were given first-line immunomodulator treatment (interferons or glatiramer acetate) between 1st January 2010 and 30th September 2011. Adherence was measured using the medication possession ratio (MPR): patients with an MPR above or equal to 80% were considered to be compliers. RESULTS. We studied 975 patients. The mean time of exposure to immunomodulators over the collected period was 13.4 ± 7.1 years. Altogether 85.2% of patients complied with the immunomodulator treatment adequately. Of a total of 975 patients treated, 134 needed to change to a second drug and 12 patients had to go on to a third. Changing the medication improved adherence (p = 0.001). The annual rate of attacks was 0.23. Only the presence of attacks (p = 0.029) and the drug used (p = 0.044) had any influence on treatment adherence, on an individual basis. CONCLUSIONS. The percentage of patients with adequate treatment adherence in our centre is high. The rate of attacks and the drug used play a decisive role. Close monitoring and personalised counselling are required to maintain good therapeutic adherence.
Revista de neurologia 01/2013; 56(1):8-12. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to enhance humoral immunity. Here, we investigated the prevalence and titer of anti-nuclear and anti-neuronal IgG autoantibodies in 71 relapsing-remitting MS patients classified based on their clinical response to IFNβ in paired sera obtained at baseline and after 12months of treatment. All samples were negative for antibodies against cytoplasmic rods/rings, synaptic proteins and paraneoplastic antibodies. Regarding anti-nuclear, anti-filament and anti-myelin antibodies, pre- and post-treatment prevalence and titers did not differ significantly between IFNβ responders and non-responders. Thus, pattern of anti-nuclear and anti-neuronal autoantibodies does not predict the response to IFNβ in MS patients.
Journal of neuroimmunology 11/2012; · 2.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We employed clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in combination, to assess patient responses to interferon in multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To optimize and validate a scoring system able to discriminate responses to interferon treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: Our analysis included two large, independent datasets of RRMS patients who were treated with interferons that included 4-year follow-up data. The first dataset ("training set") comprised of 373 RRMS patients from a randomized clinical trial of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a. The second ("validation set") included an observational cohort of 222 RRMS patients treated with different interferons. The new scoring system, a modified version of that previously proposed by Rio et al., was first tested on the training set, then validated using the validation set. The association between disability progression and risk group, as defined by the score, was evaluated by Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox regression, and quantified by hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: The score (0-3) was based on the number of new T2 lesions (>5) and clinical relapses (0,1 or 2) during the first year of therapy. The risk of disability progression increased with higher scores. In the validation set, patients with score of 0 showed a 3-year progression probability of 24%, while those with a score of 1 increased to 33% (HR = 1.56; p = 0.13), and those with score greater than or equal to 2 increased to 65% (HR = 4.60; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We report development of a simple, quantitative and complementary tool for predicting responses in interferon-treated patients that could help clinicians make treatment decisions.
Multiple Sclerosis 09/2012; · 4.26 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are cell surface receptors that recognize sialic acids and may attenuate immune responses and reduce inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of two members of the Siglec family, SIGLEC1 and SIGLEC7, in the clinical course and disease activity of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: SIGLEC1 and SIGLEC7 expression was determined by flow cytometry in the blood monocytes of 16 healthy controls and 55 untreated MS patients (13 primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients, 13 secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients and 29 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients (18 during clinical remission and 11 during relapse)). RESULTS: SIGLEC1 expression by CD14+ monocytes was significantly increased in MS patients compared with controls (p=0.025 for percentage of positive cells; p=0.007 for mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)). Stratification of patients into different clinical forms revealed increased SIGLEC1 expression in patients with progressive forms of the disease, particularly in those with PPMS (p=0.003 for percentage of positive cells and p=0.001 for MFI when compared with controls; p=0.031 for percentage of positive cells when compared with RRMS patients). Both inflammatory and resident monocytes contributed to the increase in SIGLEC1 expression observed in PPMS patients. SIGLEC7 expression was significantly up-regulated in blood monocytes from RRMS during relapse compared with patients during clinical remission (p=0.001 for MFI). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest roles for SIGLEC1 in the chronic progressive phases of MS and for SIGLEC7 in acute disease activity.
Multiple Sclerosis 08/2012; · 4.26 Impact Factor
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S Vosslamber,
L F van der Voort,
I J van den Elskamp,
R Heijmans,
C Aubin,
B M J Uitdehaag,
J B A Crusius,
T C T M van der Pouw Kraan,
M Comabella, X Montalban,
D A Hafler,
P L De Jager,
J Killestein,
C H Polman,
C L Verweij
Genes and immunity 07/2012; 13(5):443. · 4.22 Impact Factor
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Oscar Fernandez,
José C Alvarez-Cermeno,
Rafael Arroyo-Gonzalez,
Lluís Brieva,
M Carmen Calles-Hernandez,
Bonaventura Casanova-Estruch,
Manuel Comabella,
Virginia de las Heras,
Juan A Garcia-Merino,
Miguel A Hernandez-Perez, [......],
Javier Olascoaga,
Celia Oreja-Guevara,
José M Prieto,
Lluís Ramio-Torrenta,
Alfredo Rodriguez-Antiguedad,
Lucía Romero-Pinel,
Fernando Sanchez,
Nieves Tellez,
Mar Tintore, Xavier Montalban
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ABSTRACT: The new insights presented at the 5th Joint Triennial Congress of the European and Americas Committees on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS and ACTRIMS) held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 19-22 October 2011, have been summarized at the fourth edition of Post-ECTRIMS meeting held in Madrid in November 2011. Regional grey-matter atrophy is more sensitive to cognitive impairment than global grey-matter atrophy measures. In patients with clinically isolated syndrome cognitive impairment does not predict conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) after 5-years of follow-up. Focusing on central nervous system plasticity and functional reorganization in MS, an early intervention can improve clinical aspects and enhances brain plasticity. Preservation of a potential for plasticity provides a rationale for rehabilitation interventions even in later stages of disease. Therapeutical strategies have focused on stem cell-mediated remyelination and immunomodulation functions, on cellular infiltration into the brain, and on new ways for immuno-modulation for the development of future therapies in MS. Encouraging findings from clinical trials with current and emerging disease-modifying therapy being developed was also a key theme at this edition. Positive results have been reported for rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, daclizumab, alemtuzumab, teriflunomide, BG-12, and laquinimod, including a favorable safety profile. Since armamentarium for the treatment of MS is fast increasing, concerns exist about the risk of severe adverse events with their use. This aspect reinforces the importance of disease registries as a proactive tool for monitoring drug safety in the post-approval setting.
Revista de neurologia 06/2012; 54(12):734-49. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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C Costa,
G Arrambide,
M Tintore,
J Castilló,
J Sastre-Garriga,
C Tur,
J Río,
A Saiz,
A Vidal-Jordana,
C Auger,
C Nos,
A Rovira,
M Comabella,
A Horga, X Montalban
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ABSTRACT: Despite the availability of diagnostic criteria, an overlap between neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) exists, particularly in the early stage of the disease.
To study the value of NMO-immunoglobulin G (IgG) determination in Caucasian patients with a first demyelinating episode who develop a relapsing form of optic neuritis or myelitis.
This study was based on a prospectively acquired cohort of patients regarded as having a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) at the time of presentation. From this cohort, 2 different groups were selected: group 1 (NMO phenotype), consisting of a first attack involving the optic nerve or the spinal cord, and at least a second event affecting either topography, and group 2 (negative control group), consisting of a first attack involving the brainstem or the cerebral hemispheres and at least 1 relapse in any topography. Group 3 was composed of patients with NMO according to the 2006 revised diagnostic criteria. Serum NMO-IgG was determined by indirect immunofluorescence.
A total of 3.1 of the group 1 patients were positive for NMO-IgG in comparison to 3.9% of group 2 and 44.5% of group 3, NMO. One of the positive patients in group 1 evolved to NMO.
NMO-IgG determination is crucial in detecting patients who will develop NMO; however, its value as a routine test in cases presenting with symptoms of the type seen in MS is low, and should only be performed in those patients in which the initial diagnosis is not clear.
Neurology 05/2012; 78(20):1608-11. · 8.31 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows the different layers of the retina to be visualised in vivo. One of them is the so-called retinal nervous fibre layer (RNFL), which is made up of amyelinic axons from the ganglionic cells, and therefore part of the central nervous system. Recent studies have begun to examine possible applications of OCT in the field of neurology and, more specifically, the usefulness of measuring the thickness of the RNFL in multiple sclerosis (MS). In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies it has been shown that a decrease in the RNFL is produced in eyes that are affected and unaffected by optic neuritis in MS patients, compared with controls. Several studies have found evidence of an inverse relation between the thickness of the nerve fibre layer and the neurological disability or cerebral atrophy parameters in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in these same patients. The correlations are, however, weak and sometimes contradictory. Although there are still many doubts that need settling, the role OCT may play in gaining a better understanding of the disease and its follow-up and monitoring seems promising. A review of the different studies published on the thickness of the RNFL in patients with MS will also be conducted.
Revista de neurologia 05/2012; 54(9):556-63. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the south of Europe seems to be higher than previously considered. This study aimed to probe a possible increase in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Osona over the past 17 years. This was a cross-sectional study including MS-confirmed cases from several sources of information. Crude and adjusted prevalence rates were obtained. One hundred and twenty patients fulfilled the study criteria. The crude prevalence of MS was 79.9 (95% CI: 66.3-95.6) per 100,000 inhabitants and 91.2 (95% CI: 75.5-109.2) per 100,000 among Spanish born individuals. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis cases in Osona has increased over the past 17 years to being one of the highest reported in Spain.
Multiple Sclerosis 04/2012; · 4.26 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)–α converting enzyme
(TACE, also called ADAM17) is a
key sheddase that releases TNF–α
from its inactive cell–bound precursor.
TACE protein expression
levels in peripheral blood mononuclear
cells were measured by Western
blot analysis in 20 healthy controls
and 80 multiple sclerosis (MS)
patients before and after treatment
with IFNβ [20 patients with primary
progressive (PP) MS, 20 patients
with secondary progressive
(SP) MS, and 40 patients with relapsing–
remitting (RR) MS (20 patients
during clinical remission and
20 patients in relapse)]. TNF–α
serum levels were also measured by
enzyme–linked immunoassay in
the MS patients and healthy controls.
TACE protein expression
levels were lower in healthy controls
and PPMS patients compared
with SPMS patients and RRMS
patient during clinical remission.
No differences in TACE protein
levels were observed between
RRMS patients in relapse and
during remission. TACE protein
levels were increased in PPMS patients
treated with IFNβ. Serum
TNF–α levels were higher in RRMS
patients in relapse compared with
RRMS patients during remission,
and positive and negative correlations
were found between TACE
protein expression and serum
TNF–α levels in RRMS patients
during relapse and during remission
respectively. These findings
point to different regulatory mechanisms
of the TACE–TNF–α pathway
in the clinical MS subtypes and
expand the role of TACE in MS
pathogenesis.
Journal of Neurology 04/2012; 253(6):701-706. · 3.47 Impact Factor
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A. Seewann,
C. Enzinger,
M. Filippi,
F. Barkhof,
A. Rovira,
A. Gass,
D. Miller, X. Montalban,
A. Thompson,
T. Yousry,
M. Tintore,
N. de Stefano,
J. Palace,
M. Rovaris,
C. Polman,
F. Fazekas,
for the MAGNIMS network
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Background
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating lesions (IIDL) of the brain usually present with a morphologic pattern characteristic
of multiple sclerosis (MS). Atypical appearances of IIDLs also exist, however, and can pose significant diagnostic problems
and uncertainty regarding prognosis and adequate therapy. We attempted to improve upon this situation by reviewing the literature.
Methods
We performed a PubMed search from January 1984 through December 2004 for articles in English reporting on IIDLs which had
been considered as morphologically atypical (66 articles; 270 cases reported). From these publications 69 individual patient
reports allowed the extraction of adequate information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and associated disease characteristics.
Results
Reported atypical IIDLs most frequently manifested as large ring-like lesions (n = 27) which are now considered quite suggestive
of an antibodymediated form of MS. Truly atypical IIDLs were less common and exhibited appearances which we termed megacystic
(n = 8), Balolike (n = 11) and diffusely infiltrating (n = 11). Despite limitations imposed by the absence of original data
the inter-rater agreement in defining these subtypes of atypical IIDLs was moderate to substantial (kappa 0.48–0.68) and we
noted trends for their association with certain demographic, clinical and paraclinical variables.
Interpretation
We suggest that IIDLs reported as atypical in the literature can be segregated into several distinct subtypes based on their
MRI appearance. The recognition of these patterns may be useful for the differential diagnosis and for a future classification.
Because of the limitations inherent in our review this will have to be confirmed by a prospective registry.
Journal of Neurology 04/2012; 255(1):1-10. · 3.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recently, we reported an association between a SNP in IL28RA and MS. Here, we performed a fine-mapping of the IL28RA locus by genotyping 10 haplotype-tagging SNPs in a Basque-Spanish population. In addition, based on shared genetic risk loci between autoimmune diseases, a psoriasis-associated SNP located at this locus, rs4649203, was genotyped in four independent populations, comprising a total of 2582 cases and 2614 controls. We did not find any consistent association between IL28RA and MS in these populations, suggesting that, although it may play a role in other autoimmune diseases, this gene is unlikely of general relevance to MS pathogenesis.
Journal of neuroimmunology 03/2012; 245(1-2):98-101. · 2.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Natalizumab has been shown to be effective in pivotal clinical trials in multiple sclerosis; however, the patients in whom treatment is indicated in clinical practice have a different clinical profile from those included in the clinical trials. The aim of this study is therefore to collect data on natalizumab use in everyday clinical practice in Spain. The 86 participating centers throughout Spain submitted data on disease characteristics at baseline and after treatment. Valid data were available for 1,364 patients (69.3% women, 86.9% with relapsing-remitting disease). Ninety-three percent had received prior therapy for multiple sclerosis. For the 825 patients on treatment for at least a year, the annualized relapse rate (ARR) decreased from median 2.0 [mean 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92-2.11] in the year prior to natalizumab to 0.0 (mean 0.25, 95% CI 0.21-0.29) at 1 year (p < 0.001). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score decreased from median 3.5 at baseline (mean 3.71, 95% CI 3.60-3.82) to 3.0 (mean 3.37, 95% CI 3.25-3.49) (p < 0.0001). The discontinuation rate was 14%. One patient discontinued natalizumab due to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and another due to probable PML (subsequently confirmed). Although our patients had more severe disease than those in the pivotal study, a similar reduction in ARR was observed. This finding is in line with previous observational studies. The effect was independent of baseline EDSS.
Journal of Neurology 01/2012; · 3.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) has a partial efficacy, and a significant proportion of treated patients will develop a suboptimal response with first-line disease-modifying drugs (DMD). Therapy switch in patients with MS can be a strategy after a treatment failure. We studied the change in clinical activity after switching of first-line DMD because of a treatment failure.
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with interferon-beta (IFNB) or glatiramer acetate (GA) were divided into (i) patients without change in DMD, (ii) patients with a change in DMD because of a poor response, and (iii) those with a change in DMD without relation with response. Annualized relapse rate (ARR) and relapse-free proportions were analyzed.
We identified 923 patients with RRMS. Of the 180 who experienced a change because of suboptimal response, 90 switched to another first-line DMT, 38 to mitoxantrone, and 52 to natalizumab. Median ARR in the pre-DMD period on first DMD and second DMD was the following: 1, 1, and 0 for switchers from IFNB to another IFNB (P = 0.0001); 0.67, 1, and 0 for switchers from GA to IFNB (P = 0.01); 1, 1, and 0 for switchers from an IFNB to GA (P = 0.02); 1.1, 1.5, 0.2 for switchers from IFNB or GA to mitoxantrone (P = 0.0001); 0.9, 1, 0 for switchers from IFNB or GA to natalizumab (P = 0.0001).
In patients with RRMS who have a poor response, switch to another DMD may reduce the clinical activity of the disease.
European Journal of Neurology 01/2012; 19(6):899-904. · 3.69 Impact Factor
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E Cantó,
F Reverter,
C Morcillo-Suárez,
F Matesanz,
O Fernández,
G Izquierdo,
K Vandenbroeck,
A Rodríguez-Antigüedad,
E Urcelay,
R Arroyo, [......],
J Olascoaga,
A Saiz,
A Navarro,
A Sanchez,
C Domínguez,
A Caminero,
A Horga,
M Tintoré, X Montalban,
M Comabella
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is upregulated in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions. Recent studies have pointed to a role of CHI3L1 in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of plasma CHI3L1 in MS clinical course and disease activity and to evaluate the effect of interferon-beta (IFNβ) treatment on protein levels.
Plasma CHI3L1 levels were determined by ELISA in 57 healthy controls (HC), 220 untreated MS patients [66 primary progressive MS patients (PPMS), 30 secondary progressive MS patients (SPMS), and 124 relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS), 94 during clinical remission and 30 during relapse], and 32 MS patients receiving IFNβ treatment. A polymorphism of the CHI3L1 gene, rs4950928, was genotyped in 3274 MS patients and 3483 HC.
Plasma CHI3L1 levels were significantly increased in patients with progressive forms of MS compared with RRMS patients and HC. CHI3L1 levels were similar between RRMS patients in relapse and remission. A trend towards decreased CHI3L1 levels was observed in IFNβ-treated patients. Allele C of rs4950928 was significantly associated with PPMS patients and with higher plasma CHI3L1 levels.
These findings point to a role of CHI3L1 in patients with progressive forms of MS, particularly in those with PPMS.
Multiple Sclerosis 12/2011; 18(7):983-90. · 4.26 Impact Factor
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M S Freedman,
C Metzig,
L Kappos,
C H Polman,
G Edan,
H-P Hartung,
D H Miller, X Montalban,
J Yarden,
L Spector,
E Fire,
N Dotan,
S Schwenke,
V Lanius,
R Sandbrink,
C Pohl
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Higher serum levels of at least one of a panel of four α-glucose IgM antibodies (gMS-Classifier1) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients are associated with imminent early relapse within 2 years.
The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic value of gMS-Classifier1 in a large study cohort of CIS patients.
The BEtaseron(®) in Newly Emerging multiple sclerosis For Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) 5-year study was designed to evaluate the impact of early versus delayed interferon-β-1b (IFNβ-1b; Betaseron(®)) treatment in patients with a first event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients (n = 258, 61% of total) with a minimum of 2 ml baseline serum were eligible for the biomarker study. gMS-Classifier1 antibodies' panel (anti-GAGA2, anti-GAGA3, anti-GAGA4 and anti-GAGA6) levels were measured blinded to clinical data. Subjects were classified as either 'positive' or 'negative' according to a classification rule.
gMS-Classifier1 was not predictive for the time to clinically definite MS or time to MS according to the revised McDonald's criteria, but did significantly predict an increased risk for confirmed disability progression (log-rank test: p = 0.012).
We could not confirm previous results that gMS-Classifier1 can predict early conversion to MS in CIS. However, raised titres of these antibodies may predict early disability progression in this patient population.
Multiple Sclerosis 12/2011; 18(7):966-73. · 4.26 Impact Factor
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Revista de neurologia 12/2011; 53(11):703-4. · 0.65 Impact Factor
