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ABSTRACT: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens. To understand the kinetics and relationships between the humoral (Ab) and antigen specific T cell immunity as well as pathological changes during infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection and immunization, one-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated with live IBV H52 strain and challenged with IBV M41 15 days post primary infection. Chickens were sacrificed every 3 days to monitor antigen specific serum IgG and IBV nucleoprotein-specific immune responses using a chicken MHC I tetramer developed in our laboratory. The results demonstrated that T cell responses developed more rapidly than the humoral (Ab) immune response after vaccination with H52. However, serum IgG dramatically increased after M41 challenge. Chickens from the control, non-vaccinated group developed severe respiratory symptoms and demonstrated significant pathological changes in lung, kidney and bursa of Fabricius post challenge with M41. However, chickens vaccinated with H52 did not demonstrate clinical signs or histological changes post challenge with M41. These results indicated that the live IBV H52 inoculation effectively protected chickens from morbidity and pathological changes associated with IBV infection. These data facilitates the design of a new generation of IBV vaccine.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 07/2012; 148(3-4):353-8. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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Encheng Sun,
Jing Zhao,
Nihong Liu,
Tao Yang,
Qingyuan Xu,
Yongli Qin,
Zhigao Bu,
Yinhui Yang,
Ross A Lunt,
Linfa Wang, Donglai Wu
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ABSTRACT: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that primarily infects birds but occasionally infects humans and horses. Certain species of birds, including crows, house sparrows, geese, blue jays and ravens, are considered highly susceptible hosts to WNV. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of WNV can elicit protective immune responses, including NS1-reactive antibodies, during infection of animals. The antigenicity of NS1 suggests that NS1-reactive antibodies could provide a basis for serological diagnostic reagents. To further define serological reagents for diagnostic use, the antigenic sites in NS1 that are targeted by host immune responses need to be identified and the potential diagnostic value of individual antigenic sites also needs to be defined. The present study describes comprehensive mapping of common immunodominant linear B-cell epitopes in the WNV NS1 using avian WNV NS1 antisera. We screened antisera from chickens, ducks and geese immunized with purified NS1 for reactivity against 35 partially overlapping peptides covering the entire WNV NS1. This study identified twelve, nine and six peptide epitopes recognized by chicken, duck and goose antibody responses, respectively. Three epitopes (NS1-3, 14 and 24) were recognized by antibodies elicited by immunization in all three avian species tested. We also found that NS1-3 and 24 were WNV-specific epitopes, whereas the NS1-14 epitope was conserved among the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) serocomplex viruses based on the reactivity of avian WNV NS1 antisera against polypeptides derived from the NS1 sequences of viruses of the JEV serocomplex. Further analysis showed that the three common polypeptide epitopes were not recognized by antibodies in Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Duck Plague Virus (DPV) and Goose Parvovirus (GPV) antisera. The knowledge and reagents generated in this study have potential applications in differential diagnostic approaches and subunit vaccines development for WNV and other viruses of the JEV serocomplex.
PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(2):e31434. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report here the complete genomic sequence of the Chinese bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV1) strain SZ97/1. This work is the first to document the complete genomic sequence of a BTV1 strain from China and represents the second complete sequence of BTV1 in the world. The sequence information provided here will help determine the geographic origin of Chinese BTV1 and provide data to facilitate future analyses of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of BTV strains.
Journal of Virology 01/2012; 86(2):1288-9. · 5.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report here the complete genomic sequence of the Chinese bluetongue virus serotype 16 (BTV16) strain BN96/16. This work is the first to document the complete genomic sequence (segments 1 to 10) of a BTV16 strain. The sequence information provided herein will help determine the geographic origin of BTV16 and define the phylogenetic relationship of BTV16 to other BTV strains.
Journal of Virology 12/2011; 85(24):13472. · 5.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Detecting avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at low concentrations from tracheal and cloacal swabs of avian influenza- and Newcastle disease-infected poultry was carried out using a highly sensitive immunological-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR) method. Magnetic gold particles were pre-coated with a capture antibody, either a monoclonal anti-AIV/H5 or monoclonal anti-NDV/F and viruses serially diluted ten-fold from 10(2) to 10(-5)EID(50)/ml. A biotinylated detection antibody bound to the viral antigen was then linked via a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated reporter DNA. After extensive washing, reporter DNA was released by denaturation, transferred to PCR tubes, amplified, electrophoresed and visualized. An optimized immuno-PCR method was able to detect as little as 10(-4)EID(50)/ml AIV and NDV. To further evaluate the specificity and the clinical application of this IPCR assay for AIV H5N1 and NDV, the tracheal swab specimens, taken from chickens which were infected with H5N1/AIV, H9N2/AIV, H7N2/AIV, NDV, IBDV, IBV/H(120), were detected by IPCR. Our data demonstrated that this monoclonal antibody-based immuno-PCR method provides a platform capable of rapid screening of clinical samples for trace levels of AIV H5 and NDV in one step.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 06/2011; 141(3-4):183-9. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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Weijun Zhang,
Yan Lin,
Yu Bai,
Tiegang Tong,
Qun Wang,
Nihong Liu,
Guangliang Liu,
Yihong Xiao,
Tao Yang,
Zhigao Bu,
Guangzhi Tong, Donglai Wu
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ABSTRACT: Twenty-seven nanopeptides derived from the matrix (M) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were screened for their ability to elicit a recall interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response from the splenocytes of BALB/c mice following DNA vaccination and a booster vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus rWR-PRRSV-M. We identified two peptides (amino acid residues K93FITSRCRL and F57GYMTFVHF) as CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. These peptides elicited significant numbers of IFN-γ secreting cells, compared with other M nonapeptides and one irrelevant nonapeptide. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the former is an H-2Kd-restricted CTL epitope, and the latter is an H-2Dd-restricted CTL epitope. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment among different PRRSV M sequences submitted to GenBank indicated that these two CTL epitopes are strongly conserved, and they should therefore be considered for further research on the mechanisms of cellular immune responses to PRRSV.
Virology Journal 05/2011; 8:263. · 2.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The stability of recombinant bovine interferon-γ (rbIFN-γ) produced by a baculovirus expression system was investigated under different storage conditions: freezing-thawing and storage for 30 days at temperatures of -80, 4, 25, and 37°C. Antiviral activity was not significantly decreased by freeze-thawing at least five times. Furthermore, although not statistically different, antiviral activity gradually decreased as temperature increased. These findings suggest that rbIFN-γ possesses high thermal and freeze-thaw stability.
Microbiology and Immunology 05/2011; 55(8):595-8. · 1.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Wnt5a regulates numerous signaling pathways controlling a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it is still unclear whether Wnt5a is involved in mediating chemoresistance in cancer. We studied the correlation of Wnt5a expression with clinicopathologic parameters and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer and the effect of Wnt5a expression on chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells.
Wnt5a expression was immunohistochemically examined in ovarian cancer, benign tumor, and normal ovarian tissues. Two stable cell lines were established, namely, SKOV3/Wnt5a, which overexpressed Wnt5a, and SKOV3/miRNA, which downregulated Wnt5a expression using microRNA (miRNA). Wnt5a expression level was evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence assay. The sensitivity of all transfected and untransfected cell lines to chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and etoposide) was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay.
Wnt5a was found to be significantly higher in ovarian cancer compared with benign tumors and normal ovaries. High levels of Wnt5a expression were associated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and significantly predicted a poorer overall survival and progression-free survival compared with low Wnt5a expression. In addition, Wnt5a overexpression in SKOV3/Wnt5a cells decreased chemosensitivity compared with normal and empty vector controls (P < 0.05). Alternatively, Wnt5a down-regulation in SKOV3/miRNA cells led to a significant increase in chemosensitivity (P < 0.05).
Wnt5a immunoreactivity may be a useful prognostic indicator in patients with ovarian cancer. These results clarified for the first time the possibility that Wnt5a plays an important role in regulating chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs in ovarian cancer cells.
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 02/2011; 21(2):280-8. · 1.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Galantamine (Gal) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies show that Gal may affect amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and increase release of secretory APPα (sAPPα). However the effect of Gal on amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) release and β-site cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression is still unknown. Consequently, we investigated the effect of Gal on the level of Aβ and BACE1. In a differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y), Gal (0.3 μM) was found to significantly decrease Aβ release and BACE1 expression following treatment for 6, 12, and 24h. Increasing Gal to 0.9 μM or 10 μM had no further effect. The effect of Gal (0.3 μM for 18h) was maximal on BACE1 expression but not on Aβ secretion. At higher concentration (0.9 μM and 10 μM), Gal had no effect on the level of full-length APP but could still stimulate further decrease in Aβ secretion and release of sAPPα. These observations suggested that 0.3 μM Gal exerts its effect on Aβ production by inhibiting BACE1 expression, while 0.9 μM or 10 μM Gal mainly reduces Aβ production by stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway to decrease the amount of APP substrate available for β-secretase cleavage. In addition, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and multiple second messengers (including PKC, MEK, and p38MAPK) were found to be involved in the regulation of Gal-inhibited Aβ release and BACE1 expression.
Experimental gerontology 11/2010; 45(11):842-7. · 3.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate efficiency of TiO2nanomaterial as a novel environment-friendly disinfectant to control avian influenza (AI) by its photochemical sterilization ability. Anatase nano-TiO2sol, a neutral, viscous aqueous colloid of 1.6% TiO2, was synthesized from peroxotitanic acid solution according to the Ichinose method. Transmission electron microscope images showed that the TiO2particles were spindle-shaped with an average size of 50 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the crystal phase of TiO2particles was anatase type with photocatalytic effect. A photocatalytic film of nano-TiO2sol was tested as a means of inactivating H9N2avian influenza virus (AIV). Inactivation capabilities were examined with 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) radiation under black light by adjusting the UV intensity, the UV irradiation time and the quantity of AIV. The titer change of AIV was determined by hemagglutination tests. Cytopathic effect of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was monitored by inverted fluorescence microscope. The results showed that anatase nano-TiO2sol significantly inactivated AIV under UV irradiation of 365 nm. The inactivation of AIV viruses reached up to 100%. Therefore, anatase nano-TiO2sol is a potentially environment-friendly antivirus agent to prevent AI.
Photochemistry and Photobiology 09/2010; 86(5):1135 - 1139. · 2.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: IL-18 is a cytokine originally discovered as an important modulator of immune responses and subsequently shown to be pleiotropic. In this report, we expressed the recombinant equine mature interleukin-18 (rEMIL-18) in E. coli and purified it by nickel affinity gel column chromatography. Purified rEMIL-18 had biological activity commensurate with recombinant human IL-18, as determined by its synergistic effect with recombinant human IL-12 (rhIL-12) on the induction of IFN-gamma gene expression in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization of BALB/c mice with rEMIL-18, nine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against equine interleukin-18 (EIL-18) were obtained and characterized. These mAbs recognized different epitopes on equine mature interleukin-18 (EMIL-18) protein based on their reactivity with two peptides containing different amino acid sequences and one of these mAbs has neutralization activity against EIL-18 in an IFN-gamma-induction assay.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 03/2010; 136(3-4):194-200. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study, pCAGG-ChIL2 plasmid DNA containing the chicken interleukin-2 (ChIL-2) gene was used to prepare DNA-chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs). The CNPs prepared were spherical, with mean diameters between 100 and 200 nm, have a positive surface charge, and could protect DNA against DNase I degradation. The CNPs prepared were successfully used to transfect the Df-1 cell line with almost no cytotoxicity. CNPs prepared at an amino group to phosphate group ratio (N/P ratio) of 16 provided the highest transfection efficiency (1.1%) in medium with a pH of 6.5. When pCAGG-ChIL2 CNPs were administered to chickens simultaneously with a DNA vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), haemagglutination inhibition antibody titers and serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels were significantly higher than in chickens immunised with the NDV DNA vaccine alone (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that pCAGG-ChIL2 CNPs improve DNA vaccine-elicited immunity against NDV challenge.
Journal of Microencapsulation 01/2010; 27(8):693-702. · 1.55 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recombinant equine interferon-gamma (reIFN-gamma) was prepared using a baculovirus expression system and its antiviral activity was investigated using several equine viruses. The reIFN-gamma suppressed the replication of all equine viruses used in the present experiment in horse cell cultures, but did not affect the growth of host cells at concentrations of less than 1000 u/ml. A strong antiviral effect was observed, especially against RNA viruses. Equine picornavirus, equine rhinovirus and equine arteritis virus could not be propagated at all in 100 u/ml reIFN-gamma when 100 TCID(50) of infective viruses was inoculated to cultivated horse cells. DNA viruses, equine herpesvirus types 1, 2, 3 and 4 and equine adenovirus, were less sensitive to reIFN-gamma but their growth became less than 1/100 in the cells treated with 100 u/ml reIFN-gamma compared to untreated cells. The antiviral effects were decreased in the cells of heterologous species and more than 1000 u/ml reIFN-gamma was required to induce an antiviral effect.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 11/2009; 135(1-2):93-9. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effects of the fusion gene of ubiquitin (Ub) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) M gene on the immune response in inoculated mice.
Mouse Ub gene and PRRSV M gene were amplified by RT-PCR from BALB/c mice spleen cells and PRRSV Ch-1a strain, respectively, and the M and Ub gene (U-M) was fused by SOE PCR. Therefore, pVAX1-U-M and pVAX1-M recombinant plasmid were constructed for eukaryotic expression.
The fusion U-M and M protein expressions were verified in transfected BHK-21 cells by indirect fluorescence assay. Furthermore, both pVAX1-M and pVAX1-U-M induced specific humoral and cellar immune responses against PRRSV in the recombinant plasmid injected mice. However, pVAX1-U-M was able to induce higher level of T cell response then that of pVAX1-M (P<0.05), but lower level of antibody (P<0.05).
Expression of U-M fusion gene had ability to enhance specific T cell response against PRRSV, but no effect on stimulation of humoral response in inoculated mice.
ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA 07/2009; 49(6):799-806.
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ABSTRACT: The impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on the quality of life of ovarian cancer patients is well known. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acupuncture plus vitamin B6 PC6 points injection with acupuncture or vitamin B6 alone in controlling emesis of 142 patients undergoing a highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimen between March 1, 2006, and June 30, 2008. The patients were divided into 3 groups randomly and were given different antiemesis treatments accordingly. All patients received the same concurrent antiemetic pharmacotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy. We compared the total number of emesis episodes and the proportion of emesis-free days among the 3 groups during the study period. The acupuncture plus vitamin B6 PC6 points injection group had significantly fewer emesis episodes and a greater proportion of emesis-free days than the acupuncture group or the vitamin B6 alone group. We conclude that acupuncture plus vitamin B6 PC6 point injection is a quite useful method against emesis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 06/2009; 19(4):567-71. · 1.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is recognized as an important modulator of the immune response. To date, there is no report that prokaryocyte-derived recombinant equine IFN-gamma has antiviral activity. In this report, the gene coding equine IFN-gamma (EIFN-gamma) mature protein was cloned into pET-28a (+) and the recombinant EIFN-gamma was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antiviral activity of expressed recombinant EIFN-gamma was evaluated by using a recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus expressing green fluorescence protein (rVSV-GFP) system in the equine fetal kidney-78 cell line (EFK-78). The GFP expression in the EFK-78 cells dramatically decreased in the cells treated with EIFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner, comparing with the mock-treated cells. The titer of antiviral activity was 1 x 10(3)AU/ml. These results demonstrated that the EIFN-gamma expressed in this study had good biological activity. Pure forms and sufficient quantities of biologically active IFN-gamma could facilitate the study of its activities in modulating immune responses both in vivo and in vitro.
Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 04/2009; 33(4):333-42. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Equine interferon-gamma (eIFN-gamma) expressed both in E. coli and baculovirus were evaluated for antiviral activity against recombinant Vesicular Stomatits Virus expressing green fluorescence protein (rVSV-GFP) in EFK-78 cells. The assays were conducted in 96-well plate. Virus infectivity was measured by quantifying GFP-positive cells, instead of quantifying the CPE reduction. Prior to infection of EFK-78 cells with rVSV-GFP, the cells were incubated with eIFN-gamma. The GFP expression in the EFK-78 cells dramatically decreased in the cells treated with eIFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner, comparing with the mock-treated cells. The titers of antiviral activity were 1 x 10(3) AU/mL and 1 x 10(5) AU/mL of eIFN-gamma expressed from E. coli and baculovirus, respectively. The antiviral activities of the recombinant eIFN-gamma were highly efficient and specific, as it was blocked by mAbs against eIFN-gamma.
Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology 08/2008; 24(7):1258-62.
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ABSTRACT: The major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) peptide tetramer is a sensitive and valuable tool to evaluate antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) of many animal species. To date, no chicken MHC class I peptide tetramer has been reported. In this report, we describe construction and functional evaluation of a chicken MHC-I (BF2*15)/peptide tetramer. To construct the chicken MHC class I peptide tetramer, genes of the chicken MHC-I alpha chain (BF2*15) and beta2 microglobulin (Chbeta2m) were synthesized by RT-PCR from the total RNA of PBMCs and the signal sequences were deleted. The BF2*15 was then fused with the BirA substrate peptide (BSP) sequence at the C terminus. Next, the synthesized PCR products of BF2*15 and Chbeta2m were cloned into the expression vector pET-28a (+) and expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). Highly purified BF2*15-BSP heavy chain and Chbeta2m were obtained by a Ni(2+) NTA column affinity purification, yielding approximately 1.6mg of BF2*15-BSP and 2.4mg of Chbeta2m per 1g of the pelleted bacteria. The purified BF2*15-BSP heavy chain and Chbeta2m were refolded with synthetic peptide originated from infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein (IBV N(71-78)) in refolding buffer to generate the monomer of BF2*15/peptide complex. The monomer was then biotinylated and tetramerized using PE-labeled streptavidin. Upon functional evaluation of the construct by using flowcytometry, we observed that 3.65% of CTLs were specific to IBV nucleoprotein. This demonstrates that the CTL response of IBV-infected chicks could effectively be evaluated using the prepared MHC-I BF2*15/peptide tetramer.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 04/2008; 122(1-2):1-7. · 2.08 Impact Factor
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Ede Qin,
Huiying Shi,
Lin Tang,
Cuie Wang,
Guohui Chang,
Zhifen Ding,
Kai Zhao,
Jian Wang,
Ze Chen,
Man Yu, [......],
Xiangang Kong,
Baochang Fan,
Tao Jiang,
Shuli Xu,
Xiaomei Wang,
Changwen Li,
Xiaohong Wu,
Yongqiang Deng,
Min Zhao,
Qingyu Zhu
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ABSTRACT: BackgroundIn 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) resulted in hundreds of infections and deaths globally. We aim to assess immunogenicity and protective efficacy of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine in monkeys.MethodsThe cultures of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) BJ-01 strain infected Vero cells were inactivated with β-propiolactone. Sequential procedures, including ultrafiltration, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, were performed to obtain purified inactivated SARS vaccine. The purified SARS vaccine was analyzed with electron microscope, HPLC and Western blotting. We immunized three groups of cynomolgus macaques fascicularis with adjuvant-containing purified vaccine, purified vaccine and unpurified vaccine, respectively, and a fourth group served as a control. Antibody titers were measured by plaque reduction neutralization test. The vaccinated monkeys were challenged with SARS-CoV BJ-01 strain to observe protective efficacy. Additionally, three groups of rhesus monkeys were immunized with different doses of the purified inactivated SARS vaccine (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/time/monkey) on days 0 and 7, and the monkeys were challenged with SARS-CoV GZ-01 strain. We assessed the safety of the SARS vaccine and observed whether the antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) occurred under low levels of neutralizing antibody in rhesus.FindingsThe purity of SARS vaccine was 97.6% by HPLC identification and reacted with convalescent sera of SARS patients. The purified SARS vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and prevented the replication of SARS-CoV in monkeys. Under low levels of neutralizing antibody, no exacerbation of clinical symptoms was observed when the immunized monkeys were challenged with SARS-CoV. In this preliminary animal trial, no side effects were detected when monkeys were immunized with purified SARS vaccine either at normal or large doses.InterpretationThe purified inactivated SARS vaccine could induce high levels of neutralizing antibody, and protect the monkeys from the challenge of SARS-CoV. The SARS vaccine prepared in the study appeared to be safe in monkeys.
Vaccine 03/2006; · 3.77 Impact Factor
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Donglai Wu,
Changchun Tu,
Chaoan Xin,
Hua Xuan,
Qingwen Meng,
Yonggang Liu,
Yedong Yu,
Yuntao Guan,
Yu Jiang,
Xunnan Yin, [......],
Hua Xiang,
Jinfu Sun,
Jinding Chen,
Yanwei Sun,
Shoulin Gu,
Nihong Liu,
Dexia Fu,
Bryan T Eaton,
Lin-Fa Wang,
Xiangang Kong
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ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a novel virus now known as SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The discovery of SARS-CoV-like viruses in masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) raises the possibility that civets play a role in SARS-CoV transmission. To test the susceptibility of civets to experimental infection by different SARS-CoV isolates, 10 civets were inoculated with two human isolates of SARS-CoV, BJ01 (with a 29-nucleotide deletion) and GZ01 (without the 29-nucleotide deletion). All inoculated animals displayed clinical symptoms, such as fever, lethargy, and loss of aggressiveness, and the infection was confirmed by virus isolation, detection of viral genomic RNA, and serum-neutralizing antibodies. Our data show that civets were equally susceptible to SARS-CoV isolates GZ01 and BJ01.
Journal of Virology 03/2005; 79(4):2620-5. · 5.40 Impact Factor
