Shigemi Terakubo

Publications (23)53.86 Total impact

• Article: Biological Interaction between Sasa senanensis Rehder Leaf Extract and Toothpaste Ingredients.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Shigeru Amano, Toshikazu Yasui, Kazue Satoh, Seiji Shioda, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Koichi Watanabe, Tomoko Sugiura, Madoka Kitajima, Hiroshi Oizumi, Takaaki Oizumi
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE). In order to manufacture an SE-containing toothpaste for combating oral diseases, we investigated the possible interaction between the candidate ingredients of toothpaste: SE, isopropyl methylphenol (IPMP, antibacterial agent) and charcoal prepared from Sasa senanensis Rehder. Cell viability of mock-infected, HIV-infected and UV-irradiated cells was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was determined by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC25175 was determined by the turbidity assay. Exposure to less than 50% SE or less than 0.31 mM IPMP for 10 min scarcely damaged human cultured gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Both SE and IPMP showed bi-modal action, stimulating the bacterial growth at lower concentrations, but synergistically inhibiting it at higher concentrations. Addition of extremely high concentrations of charcoal enhanced both anti-HIV and anti-UV activity of SE. Practically, addition of charcoal may not be recommendable, since one or two orders higher concentrations of charcoal as compared with SE, are required to achieve the synergistic effect for anti-HIV and anti-UV activity. Rather, addition of about one tenth of the amount of IPMP may be recommendable for enhancing the antibacterial activity.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 03/2013; 27(2):275-84. · 1.17 Impact Factor
• Article: Anti-UV/HIV Activity of Kampo Medicines and Constituent Plant Extracts.

  Takao Kato, Norio Horie, Tomohiko Matsuta, Umemura Naoki, Tetsuo Shimoyama, Tadayoshi Kaneko, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroshi Sakagami
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  ABSTRACT: Aim: In order to search for new biological activities of Kampo medicines and their constituent plant extracts, we investigated whether they protect the cells from the cytotoxicity induced by UV irradiation and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Anti-UV/HIV activity (SI value) was evaluated as the ratio of the CC(50) (concentration that reduced the viable cell number by 50%) to the EC(50) (the concentration that increased the viability of UV-irradiated or HIV-infected cells to 50%): SI=CC(50)/EC(50). The content of glycyrrhizin in each sample was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Caspase-3/-7 activity was assayed by cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase using western blot analysis. Among 25 plant extracts, Gardenia fruit had the highest anti-UV activity (SI≥8.0), followed by Glycyrrhiza (SI=4.3), Coptis rhizoma (SI=1.5), Cimicifuga rhizoma (SI>1.4), Saposhnikovia root (SI>1.3) and Japanese Gentian (SI>1.1). Among ten Kampo medicines, Unseiin and Hangesyashinto (SI>4.9) had the highest anti-UV activity, followed by Shosaikoto (SI>4.3), Saireito (SI>3.4), Rikkosan (SI>1.2) and Kikyoto (SI=1.1). Glycyrrhiza inhibited UV-induced caspase-3/-7 activation. Only Polyporus sclerotium (SI>4.4), Gardenia fruit (SI>2.7), Atractylodes lancea rhizoma (SI>1.9), Cnidium rhizoma (SI>1.5) and Japanese Angelica root (SI>1.1) exhibited some anti-HIV activity. There was no apparent correlation of their anti-UV/HIV activity and content of glycyrrhizin, a major component of Glycyrrhiza, which exhibited much higher anti-UV activity (SI=20.6) and some anti-HIV activity (SI>2.0). The present study suggests the involvement of substances other than glycyrrhizin in the anti-UV/HIV activity of Kampo medicines and their constituent plant extracts.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 11/2012; 26(6):1007-13. · 1.17 Impact Factor
• Article: Biological activity of SE-10, granulated powder of Sasa senanensis Rehder leaf extract.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Tomohiko Matsuta, Kazue Satoh, Sumiko Ohtsuki, Chiyako Shimada, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Yurika Morita, Atsuko Ohkubo, Tadashi Tsuda, Katsuyoshi Sunaga, Jun Maki, Tomoko Sugiura, Madoka Kitajima, Hiroshi Oizumi, Takaaki Oizumi
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  ABSTRACT: We have previously reported that alkaline extract of Sasa senanensis leaves (SE) showed potent anti-HIV, anti-UV and radical scavenging activity. In the present study, we investigated the biological activities of SE-10, a granulated powder of SE supplemented with lactose, lactitol, trehalose and tea extract. Cell viability of mock-infected, HIV-infected, and UV-irradiated cells was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Scavenging activity of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals was determined by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy. Cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4 activity was measured by β-hydroxylation of testosterone in human recombinant CYP3A4. SE-10 had slightly higher anti-HIV and anti-UV activities, but slightly lower radical-scavenging and CYP3A4-inhibitory activities, as compared with SE. The present study demonstrates that the biological activities of SE were well preserved during the manufacturing process of SE-10.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 05/2012; 26(3):411-8. · 1.17 Impact Factor
• Article: Comparative study of biological activity of three commercial products of Sasa senanensis Rehder leaf extract.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Shoko Iwamoto, Tomohiko Matsuta, Kazue Satoh, Chiyako Shimada, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Yurika Morita, Atsuko Ohkubo, Tadashi Tsuda, Katsuyoshi Sunaga, Madoka Kitajima, Hiroshi Oizumi, Takaaki Oizumi
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  ABSTRACT: We have previously reported that alkaline extract of Sasa senanensis leaves (SE) has several biological activities characteristic of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). In the present study, we compared the biological activity of three commercially available products of SE (products A, B and C). Cell viability of mock-infected, HIV-infected, UV-irradiated cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Radical intensity was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4 activity was measured by β-hydroxylation of testosterone in human recombinant CYP3A4. Product A is a pure SE that contains Fe(II)-chlorophyllin, whereas products B and C contain Cu(II)-chlorophyllin and less LCC. Product C is supplemented with ginseng and pine (Pinus densiflora) leaf extracts. Product A exhibited 5-fold higher anti-HIV, 4-fold higher anti-UV, 5-fold higher hydroxyl radical-scavenging, and 3-fold lower CYP3A4 inhibitory activities as compared to those of product B, and 5-fold higher, 1.5-fold higher, comparable, and 7-fold lower activities, respectively, as compared to those of product C. The present study demonstrates for the first time the superiority of product A over products B and C, suggesting the beneficial role of LCC and Fe(II)-chlorophyllin.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 03/2012; 26(2):259-64. · 1.17 Impact Factor
• Article: Antitumor potential of three herbal extracts against human oral squamous cell lines.

  Qing Chu, Kazue Satoh, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Qintao Wang, Hiroshi Sakagami
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  ABSTRACT: Three Chinese herbal extracts of Drynaria baronii, Angelica sinensis and Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (referred to as DB, AS, CO, respectively) were investigated for their antitumor potential. These extracts showed very weak cytotoxicity against all nine cultured human cells (normal and tumor cells), but with some tumor-specific cytotoxicity displayed by DB and CO. These extracts showed little or no growth stimulation effects at lower concentrations (so-called 'hormetic effect'). Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HSC-2, NA) were relatively resistant to committing apoptosis, as compared with human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Electron-spin resonance spectroscopy shows that DB and CO scavenged superoxide anion (generated by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction) and hydroxyl radical (generated by Fenton reaction) more efficiently than AS. DB and CO, but not AS, produced broad radical peak(s) and enhanced the superoxide scavenging activity of vitamin C. However, none of the extracts clearly enhanced the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. DB, but not CO and AS, showed weak anti-HIV activity. These data demonstrate several unique antitumor properties of DB.
  Anticancer research 09/2009; 29(8):3211-9. · 1.73 Impact Factor
• Article: Stereoselective synthesis of [L-Arg-L/D-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine]-type (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres and its application to the synthesis and biological evaluation of pseudopeptide analogues of the CXCR4 antagonist FC131.

  Hirokazu Tamamura, Kenichi Hiramatsu, Satoshi Ueda, Zixuan Wang, Shuichi Kusano, Shigemi Terakubo, John O Trent, Stephen C Peiper, Naoki Yamamoto, Hideki Nakashima, Akira Otaka, Nobutaka Fujii
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  ABSTRACT: L,L-Type and L,D-type (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres (EADIs) that have unnatural side chains at the alpha-position were synthesized by the combination of stereoselective aziridinyl ring-opening reactions and organozinc-copper-mediated anti-S(N)2' reactions toward a single substrate of gamma,delta-cis-gamma,delta-epimino (E)-alpha,beta-enoate. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated by the stereoselective synthesis of a set of diastereomeric EADIs of L-Arg-L/D-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine (Nal) that is contained in a small CXCR4 antagonist FC131 [cyclo(-D-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Nal-Gly-)]. Furthermore, a (Nal-Gly)-type EADI was synthesized by samarium diiodide (SmI(2))-induced reduction of a gamma-acetoxy-alpha,beta-enoate. Several FC131 analogues, in which these EADIs were inserted for reduction of their peptide character, were synthesized with analogues containing reduced amide-type dipeptide isosteres to investigate the importance of these amide bonds for anti-HIV and CXCR4-antagonistic activity.
  Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 02/2005; 48(2):380-91. · 5.25 Impact Factor
• Article: Topochemical exploration of potent compounds using retro-enantiomer libraries of cyclic pentapeptides.

  Hirokazu Tamamura, Makiko Mizumoto, Kenichi Hiramatsu, Shuichi Kusano, Shigemi Terakubo, Naoki Yamamoto, John O Trent, Zixuan Wang, Stephen C Peiper, Hideki Nakashima, Akira Otaka, Nobutaka Fujii
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  ABSTRACT: Cyclic pentapeptides have been adopted as conformationally restricted peptide templates to dispose pharmacophores of bioactive peptides. In our recent study, use of two orthogonal cyclic pentapeptide libraries involving conformation-based and sequence-based libraries containing critical residues of a bioactive peptide led to the discovery of potent downsized peptides that possess activity comparable to that of the parent peptide. The present study demonstrates that a third library consisting of retro-enantiomers (retro-inverso peptides) that possess not only all residues with the opposite configuration to those in the corresponding original peptide but also amino acid sequences with reversed arrangement, is important as an alternative library for rationally finding active compounds.
  Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 05/2004; 2(8):1255-7. · 3.70 Impact Factor
• Article: Susceptibilities of fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates from Japanese patients with respiratory infections to five fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents.

  Hiromu Takemura, Shigemi Terakubo, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Jingoro Shimada, Hideki Nakashima
  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 01/2004; 47(12):3996-7. · 4.84 Impact Factor
• Article: Enhancement of the T140-based pharmacophores leads to the development of more potent and bio-stable CXCR4 antagonists.

  Hirokazu Tamamura, Kenichi Hiramatsu, Makiko Mizumoto, Satoshi Ueda, Shuichi Kusano, Shigemi Terakubo, Miki Akamatsu, Naoki Yamamoto, John O Trent, Zixuan Wang, Stephen C Peiper, Hideki Nakashima, Akira Otaka, Nobutaka Fujii
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  ABSTRACT: A CXCR4 antagonistic peptide, T140, and its bio-stable analogs, such as Ac-TE14011, were previously developed. These peptides inhibit the entry of T cell line-tropic strains of HIV-1 (X4-HIV-1) into T cells. Herein, a series of TE14011 analogs having modifications in the N-terminal region were synthesized to develop effective compounds with increased biostability. Among these analogs, 4F-benzoyl-TE14011 (TF14013) showed the strongest anti-HIV activity derived from CXCR4-antagonism, suggesting that a 4-fluorobenzoyl moiety at the N-terminus of T140 analogs constitutes a novel T140-based pharmacophore for CXCR4 antagonists. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on TE14011 analogs with N(alpha)-acylation by several benzoic acid derivatives have disclosed a significant relationship between the anti-HIV activity and the Hammett constant (sigma) of substituted benzoic acids. TF14013 was found to be stable in mouse serum, but not completely stable in rat liver homogenate due to deletion of the C-terminal Arg14-NH2 from the parent peptide. This biodegradation was completely suppressed by N-alkyl-amidation at the C-terminus. Taken together, the enhancement of the T140-based pharmacophores led to development of a novel CXCR4 antagonist, 4F-benzoyl-TE14011-Me (TF14013-Me), which has very high anti-HIV activity and increased biostability.
  Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 12/2003; 1(21):3663-9. · 3.70 Impact Factor
• Article: Synthesis of potent CXCR4 inhibitors possessing low cytotoxicity and improved biostability based on T140 derivatives.

  Hirokazu Tamamura, Kenichi Hiramatsu, a Shuichi Kusano, Shigemi Terakubo, Naoki Yamamoto, John O Trent, Zixuan Wang, Stephen C Peiper, Hideki Nakashima, Akira Otaka, Nobutaka Fujii
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  ABSTRACT: A peptidic CXCR4 antagonist T140 efficiently blocks the entry of T cell line-tropic strains of HIV-1 (X4-HIV-1) into target cells. In this study, a series of T140 derivatives, replacing the basic amino acid residues with Glu (D-Glu) and/or L-citrulline (Cit), were synthesized in order to reduce non-specific binding and cytotoxicity. Among them, TE14011 ([Cit6, D-Glu8]-T140 with the C-terminal amide) exhibited strong anti-HIV activity and low cytotoxicity. TE14011 was found to be stable in mouse serum, but unstable in rat liver homogenate due to the deletion of the N-terminal Arg1-Arg2-L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine (Nal)3 residues from the parent peptide. N-Terminal acetylation of TE14011 led to the development of a novel lead compound, Ac-TE 14011, which possesses a high selectivity index as well as increased stability in serum and liver homogenate.
  Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 12/2003; 1(21):3656-62. · 3.70 Impact Factor
• Article: Molecular-size reduction of a potent CXCR4-chemokine antagonist using orthogonal combination of conformation- and sequence-based libraries.

  Nobutaka Fujii, Shinya Oishi, Kenichi Hiramatsu, Takanobu Araki, Satoshi Ueda, Hirokazu Tamamura, Akira Otaka, Shuichi Kusano, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, James A Broach, John O Trent, Zi-xuan Wang, Stephen C Peiper
  Angewandte Chemie International Edition 08/2003; 42(28):3251-3. · 13.45 Impact Factor
• Article: Molecular‐Size Reduction of a Potent CXCR4‐Chemokine Antagonist Using Orthogonal Combination of Conformation‐ and Sequence‐Based Libraries

  Nobutaka Fujii Prof, Shinya Oishi, Kenichi Hiramatsu, Takanobu Araki, Satoshi Ueda, Hirokazu Tamamura Dr, Akira Otaka Dr, Shuichi Kusano Dr, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima Prof, James A. Broach Dr, John O. Trent Dr, Zi-xuan Wang Dr, Stephen C. Peiper Prof
  Angewandte Chemie 07/2003; 115(28):3373 - 3375.
• Article: [Serotypes and antibody levels of group B streptococci in pregnant women].

  Shigemi Terakubo, Yoshitoshi Ichiman, Hiromu Takemura, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Jingoro Shimada, Hideki Nakashima
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  ABSTRACT: Group B streptococcus were isolated from 1404 pregnant out-patient women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, from June 1, 1992 to May 31, 2001. Serotype of 187 (13.3%) fresh isolates of GBS was determined by using hemolytic streptococcus-typing immune sera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan). With these strains there were 59 (31.6%), 46 (26.6%), 19 (10.2%), 16 (8.6%), 16 (8.6%), 12 (6.4%) and 3 (1.6%) indicating that their types were VIII, VI, III, Ia, V, Ib and II respectively. Also, bacterial agglutination reaction was employed for detection of titer to GBS in pregnant women serum. Positive reaction showed in 31 (57.4%) samples but 23 (42.6%) samples were not seen in this essay. It is assumed that the high antibody levels in pregnant women serum plays an important role as an in vivo defence factor in neonatal infection by GBS.
  Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 04/2003; 77(3):121-6.
• Source

  Available from: iiarjournals.org

  Article: Anti-stress activity of mulberry juice in mice.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Kazuhito Asano, Kazue Satoh, Keiso Takahashi, Shigemi Terakubo, Yoko Shoji, Hideki Nakashima, Wataru Nakamura
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  ABSTRACT: The possible anti-stress activity of mulberry juice was investigated in mice. When mice were subjected to water immersion restraint stress at 25 degrees C for 8 h, the plasma lipid peroxide level, determined by the d-ROMs test performed 12 h thereafter, was almost doubled. After administration of mulberry juice one or two weeks before the stress loading, the lipid peroxidation was completely blocked. Administration of mulberry juice after the stress loading, without pre-administration, was also protective. ESR spectroscopy revealed that mulberry juice scavenged superoxide anion (generated by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction), hydroxyl radical (produced by the Fenton reaction) and NO radical (generated by a NO donor) at approximately 50% efficiency of blueberry juice. Mulberry juice produced smaller amounts of radical at neutral to alkaline pH. The cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities of mulberry juice were 18% and >4-fold those of blueberry juice, respectively. These data suggest that the anti-stress activity of mulberry juice in vivo may be derived from its radical scavenging activity.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 20(4):499-504. · 1.17 Impact Factor
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  Available from: iiarjournals.org

  Article: Cytotoxicity and radical modulating activity of Moxa smoke.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Hisatoshi Matsumoto, Kazue Satoh, Seiji Shioda, Chowdhury Shahead Ali, Ken Hashimoto, Hirotaka Kikuchi, Hirofumi Nishikawa, Shigemi Terakubo, Yoko Shoji, Hideki Nakashima, Jun Shimada
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  ABSTRACT: The biological activities of Moxa, used as moxibustion, have not been well documented. We investigated here Moxa smoke for its tumor-specific cytotoxicity, anti-HIV activity, radical intensity and radical scavenging activity, in comparison with previously published data of Moxa extract. Moxa smoke showed slightly higher cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-3, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60) than against normal oral cells (gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC, periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF), yielding a tumor specificity index of 1.29. Moxa smoke dose-dependently induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9, and slightly modified the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bad, Bax) in HL-60 cells, but to much lesser extents than attained by positive controls (UV irradiation, actinomycin D treatment). ESR spectroscopy showed that Moxa smoke generated semiquinone-type radicals under alkaline conditions, and scavenged O2(-), hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen and NO. All Moxa smoke preparations showed no apparent anti-HIV activity. These data demonstrate the antitumor potential of Moxa smoke.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 19(2):391-7. · 1.17 Impact Factor
• Article: Cytotoxic activity of tropolones against human oral tumor cell lines.

  Hidetsugu Wakabayashi, Keiko Yokoyama, Kana Hashiba, Ken Hashimoto, Hirotaka Kikuchi, Hirofumi Nishikawa, Teruo Kurihara, Kazue Satoh, Seiji Shioda, Shinji Muto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Noboru Motohashi, Hiroshi Sakagami
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  ABSTRACT: Twenty-seven tropolone derivatives were investigated for their tumor-specific cytotoxicity, using 3 normal human cells and 3 human oral tumor cell lines. Tropolone derivatives with phenolic OH group, hinokithiol, its tosylate and methyl ethers have relatively higher tumor specificity. 5-Aminotropolone showed the highest specificity, whereas 2-aminotropone and its derivatives showed little or no specificity. 5-Aminotropolone induced apoptotic cell death characterized by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activation in the human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cell line. ESR spectroscopy showed that 5-aminotropolone produced radical under alkaline condition, and efficiently scavenged O2- and NO produced by HX-XOD reaction and NOC-7, respectively. These data suggest that 5-aminotropolone may induce cytotoxicity by radical-mediated redox reaction.
  Anticancer research 23(6C):4757-63. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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  Available from: iiarjournals.org

  Article: Anti-stress, anti-HIV and vitamin C-synergized radical scavenging activity of mulberry juice fractions.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Kazuhito Asano, Kazue Satoh, Keiso Takahashi, Masaki Kobayashi, Noriko Koga, Hitomi Takahashi, Rieko Tachikawa, Tadamasa Tashiro, Akihiko Hasegawa, Kaeko Kurihara, Takeshi Ikarashi, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Satoru Watanabe, Wataru Nakamura
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  ABSTRACT: Anti-stress and anti-HIV activity of mulberry juice were separated by centrifugation. The anti-stress activity was enriched in the supernatant fraction whereas the anti-HIV activity in the precipitate fraction. Oral administration of the supernatant fraction significantly reduced the elevated plasma level of lipid peroxide in mice loaded with water immersion restraint stress. The kinetic study revealed that the anti-stress activity was maintained for 4 hours after cessation of the administration of mulberry juice. The lignin fraction in the precipitate fraction scavenged superoxide and hydroxyl radicals more efficiently than other fractions, in a synergistic fashion with sodium ascorbate. Anti-HIV activity of mulberry juice was concentrated in the lignin fraction, whereas blueberry juice, which has no precipitating fibrous materials, did not show anti-HIV activity. The present study suggests the functionality of mulberry juice as an alternative medicine.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 21(3):499-505. · 1.17 Impact Factor
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  Available from: iiarjournals.org

  Article: Anti-HIV and vitamin C-synergized radical scavenging activity of cacao husk lignin fractions.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Kazue Satoh, Haruka Fukamachi, Takeshi Ikarashi, Ai Shimizu, Kazuyoshi Yano, Taisei Kanamoto, Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Hideo Hasegawa, Akiko Nomura, Katsuaki Utsumi, Masaji Yamamoto, Yuuichi Maeda, Kenji Osawa
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  ABSTRACT: Cacao husk lignin fractions, prepared by acid precipitation and 50% ethanol precipitation showed unexpectedly higher anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, as compared with the corresponding fractions from the cacao mass, amounting to the level comparable with that of popular anti-HIV compounds. The cacao husk lignin fractions also showed anti-influenza virus activity, but did not show antibacterial activity. The cacao husk lignin fractions synergistically enhanced the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of vitamin C. The cacao husk lignin fractions stimulated nitric oxide generation by mouse macrophage-like cells, to a level higher than that attained by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present study suggests the functionality of cacao husk lignin fractions as complementary alternative medicine.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 22(3):327-32. · 1.17 Impact Factor
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  Available from: iiarjournals.org

  Article: Cytotoxic activity of azulenequinones against human oral tumor cell lines.

  Hidetsugu Wakabayashi, Masayuki Nishishiro, Satomi Arikawa, Ken Hashimoto, Hirotaka Kikuchi, Hirofumi Nishikawa, Teruo Kurihara, Shigemi Terakubo, Yoko Shoji, Hideki Nakashima, Noboru Motohashi, Hiroshi Sakagami
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  ABSTRACT: We investigated twenty-seven azulenequinone derivatives for their relative cytotoxicity against three human normal cell lines (HGF, HPC, HPLF) and four human tumor cell lines (HSG, HSC-2, HSC-3, HL-60). Parent 1,5-azulenequinone showed potent and some tumor-specific cytotoxicity. Halogenated derivatives of 1,5- and 1,7-azulenequinone showed potent cytotoxicity, but lower tumor-specific cytotoxicity. In contrast to other azulenequinones, amino derivatives such as 3-amino-1,5- and 1, 7-azulenequinones showed relatively lower cytotoxic activity. The 3-Phenoxy-1,5-azuleneqinone derivative showed higher cytotoxicity than the 3-phenoxy-1, 7-azulenequinone derivative. 1,5- and 1,7-Azulenequinones generally showed higher cytotoxicity, as compared with tropolones and azulene derivatives. 3- (3-Guaiazulenyl)-1, 5-azulenequinone [12] and 7-isopropyl-3- (4-methylanilino)-2-methyl- 1, 5-azulenequinone [24] showed a relatively higher TS value and induced apoptosis (internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9) in HL-60 and HSC-2 cells, possibly via the activation of both mitochondria-independent (extrinsic) and -dependent (intrinsic) pathways. Western blot analysis showed that [24] slightly increased the intracellular concentration of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax) in HSC-2 cells, whereas [12] was much less active. None of the twenty-seven azulenequinones showed anti-HIV activity. These results suggest [12] and [24] as possible candidates for future cancer chemotherapy.
  Anticancer research 25(1A):305-12. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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  Available from: Takaaki Oizumi

  Article: Multiple biological complex of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder.

  Hiroshi Sakagami, Li Zhou, Michiyo Kawano, May Maw Thet, Shoji Tanaka, Mamoru Machino, Shigeru Amano, Reina Kuroshita, Shigeru Watanabe, Qing Chu, [......], Shigemi Terakubo, Hideki Nakashima, Keisuke Sekine, Yoshiaki Shirataki, Chang-Hao Zhang, Yoshihiro Uesawa, Kiminori Mohri, Madoka Kitajima, Hiroshi Oizumi, Takaaki Oizumi
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  ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown anti-inflammatory potential of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE). The aim of the present study was to clarity the molecular entity of SE, using various fractionation methods. SE inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), but not tumour necrosis factor-α by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage-like cells. Lignin carbohydrate complex prepared from SE inhibited the NO production to a comparable extent with SE, whereas chlorophyllin was more active. On successive extraction with organic solvents, nearly 90% of SE components, including chlorophyllin, were recovered from the aqueous layer. Anti-HIV activity of SE was comparable with that of lignin-carbohydrate complex, and much higher than that of chlorophyllin and n-butanol extract fractions. The CYP3A inhibitory activity of SE was significantly lower than that of grapefruit juice and chlorophyllin. Oral administration of SE slightly reduced the number of oral bacteria. When SE was applied to HPLC, nearly 70% of SE components were eluted as a single peak. These data suggest that multiple components of SE may be associated with each other in the native state or after extraction with alkaline solution.
  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 24(5):735-43. · 1.17 Impact Factor