V Yengopal

Publications of V Yengopal

• Failure rate of atraumatic restorative treatment using high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement compared to conventional amalgam restorative treatment in primary and permanent teeth: a systematic review update [protocol]

  Authors: S. Mickenautsch, V. Yengopal

  Journal of Minimum Intervention in Dentistry. 01/2012; 5(2):29-42.

  This protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on the 05 January 2012 under registration number CRD42012001887 (Available online fromThis protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on the 05 January 2012 under registration number CRD42012001887 (Available online from http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/full_doc.asp?ID=CRD42012001887). This protocol comprises an update of an existing systematic review report by the authors as part of the SYSTEM initiative: Mickenautsch S, Yengopal V, Banerjee A. Atraumatic restorative treatment versus amalgam restoration longevity: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 14: 233-40. The protocol of this original review was not registered. This update will differ from the original review by changing and adding the following: PICO question: while the original review focused on the comparative success rate, this update will focus on the comparative failure rate between ART and amalgam restorations; Systematic literature search: extended to the databases for open access journals (OpenJ-Gate); regional databases (LILACS, BBO, IndMed, SABINET, Scielo); grey literature sources (Scirus/Medicine, OpenSIGLE, GoogleScholar); hand-searching of additional journals that were identified as not been indexed in above databases; searching of reference lists of included articles; Search term development: a detailed search strategy will be added; the search cut-off date will be extended beyond the date of the original systematic review; Article inclusion criteria: while the original review focused on articles published in English, only, this update will have no restriction on the publication language type; Article exclusion criteria: while the original review used lack of randomisation/quasi-randomisation as criteria for exclusion, this update will include all clinical controlled trials for data extraction; Data extraction: The information extracted from trials will be more extensive in terms of general trial information, intervention integrity, methodological quality and bias risk; Data analysis and reporting: in addition to a computed relative point estimate (RR = Risk ratio), the results will also be converted into an absolute outcome measure (RD = Risk difference), as well as an illustrative comparative risk for both, test- and control intervention, and reported accordingly; a summary of findings table will be added; statistical heterogeneity will be investigated using regression analysis; sensitivity analysis will be added in order to establish whether all findings are robust to the type of data analysis used; The original quality assessment of studies, including its criteria, will be replaced by a more stricter assessment of selection-, detection-, performance-, attrition bias risk; the assessment of publication- and reporting bias risk in the accepted trials will be added; Research gaps within accepted trials in terms of imprecision, inconsistency, lack of right information and shortcomings in bias risk control will be identified using a designated worksheet and subsequently more detailed recommendations for further research will be added to the this systematic review update.

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• Pediatric oral HIV research in the developing world.

  Authors: V Yengopal, A Bhayat, M Coogan

  Advances in dental research. 04/2011; 23(1):61-6.

  This article is a review of the literature between 2003 (since the last workshop) and April 2009 (Beijing workshop). It focuses on the prevalence of oral lesions associated with HIV infection, oralThis article is a review of the literature between 2003 (since the last workshop) and April 2009 (Beijing workshop). It focuses on the prevalence of oral lesions associated with HIV infection, oral lesions as predictors of HIV infection, oral lesions as markers of the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatment and quality of life, caries risk, the management of oral lesions, and epidemiologic tests for clinical significance of oral lesions.

• Therapeutic effect of glass-ionomers: an overview of evidence.

  Authors: S Mickenautsch, G Mount, V Yengopal

  Australian dental journal. 03/2011; 56(1):10-5; quiz 103.

  The requirements for an ideal restorative material include adhesion to tooth structure (enamel and dentine) and an ability to withstand the traumas of occlusion. However, some level of an anticariesThe requirements for an ideal restorative material include adhesion to tooth structure (enamel and dentine) and an ability to withstand the traumas of occlusion. However, some level of an anticaries effect is also desirable. After a long history of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) development, an evidence base in support of the therapeutic effect of GIC, particularly with regard to its anticaries effect, is emerging. This evidence is increasingly presented through systematic reviews of clinical GIC application and, to a certain extent, relates to a caries-preventive effect of the material itself. However, the strength of evidence supporting other aspects of GIC, such as a higher remineralizing effect, fluoride uptake in hard tooth tissue and fluoride release of GIC, is limited. Nevertheless, the results of these in situ and laboratory trials provide valuable insights into factors that facilitate understanding of the clinical efficacy of GIC.

• Teachers' knowledge of emergency management of traumatised teeth in preschools.

  Authors: M S Nemutandani, V Yengopal, M J Rudolph

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 02/2011; 66(1):26-9.

  Dental trauma remains one of the major oral health problems in childhood and is the cause of much pain and distress. It may occur as a result of a sports mishap, an altercation or a fall whileDental trauma remains one of the major oral health problems in childhood and is the cause of much pain and distress. It may occur as a result of a sports mishap, an altercation or a fall while playing inside the school premises. Prompt and appropriate management of traumatised teeth is essential for a good prognosis of an injured tooth. The aim of the study was to assess teachers' knowledge of emergency management of traumatized teeth in early childhood developmental centres (ECDCs). A cross sectional self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among teachers in ECDCs in Hillbrow and Berea suburbs, Johannesburg, South Africa. Almost all respondents (98.1%) were female; 59.6% were between 20 and 29 years of age. Almost a quarter of the centres were not registered and 39.1% of the school teachers were not formally qualified as ECDCs teachers. A small percentage (11.5%) received dental emergency training as a part of their school health education programs. Knowledge of ECDCs teachers on the emergency management of traumatized teeth appeared inadequate; in the event of emergency dental trauma, substantial number of teachers would not be able to respond appropriately. All teachers should have training on basic management of dental trauma.

• Caries-preventive effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GIC) versus composite resin: a quantitative systematic review.

  Authors: V Yengopal, S Mickenautsch

  European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 02/2011; 12(1):5-14.

  To determine whether resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GIC), when compared with composite resins (CR), offers a significant caries-preventive effect. Quantitative systematic review. FiveTo determine whether resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GIC), when compared with composite resins (CR), offers a significant caries-preventive effect. Quantitative systematic review. Five databases were searched until 29 July 2010. Inclusion criteria were: relevant to review question related to orthodontic or restorative treatment; published in English; prospective clinical 2-arm study. Exclusion criteria were: no computable data reported; study groups not followed up in the same way. References of included articles were checked. The outcome measure was absence of carious lesions. Dichotomous datasets for both groups were extracted from accepted trials. Trials were assessed for selection-, detection/performance, attrition and publication bias. Of the 11 trials included, 6 were accepted and 24 datasets extracted; 17 datasets showed no difference after 4 weeks to >25 months. There were 7 datasets that favoured (p < 0.05) RM-GIC after 12 - 24 months. The results are limited by risk of selection-, detection-/performance bias and attrition bias. Risk of publication bias was identified. The overall results showed either no difference between the materials, or indicated that RM-GIC has a superior caries-preventive effect. The clinical meaning of this result remains uncertain due to risk of bias. High-quality randomised control trials are needed in order to answer the review question conclusively.

• Salt fluoridation: a meta-analysis of its efficacy for caries prevention.

  Authors: V Yengopal, U M E Chikte, S Mickenautsch, L B Oliveira, A Bhayat

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 03/2010; 65(2):60-4, 66-7.

  The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the caries preventive effect of Salt fluoridation (SF) in the permanent dentition in children. THE OBJECTIVES WERE TO COMPARE: (1) the caries preventiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the caries preventive effect of Salt fluoridation (SF) in the permanent dentition in children. THE OBJECTIVES WERE TO COMPARE: (1) the caries preventive effects of SF versus no exposure in different age cohorts (6-8; 9-12; and 13-15 years old); (2) SF versus other community based interventions (milk or water fluoridation [WF]). 9 English and 2 non-English databases were searched for papers that reported on the caries preventive effect of groups (with controls) that were exposed to SF in the form of mean DMFT scores with standard deviations. Differences in exposed and nonexposed groups were computed on the basis of weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For 6-8 year olds, the pooled reduction in DMFT scores was -0.98 [95% CI: -1.68 to -0.29]; for 9-12 year olds, it was -2.13 [95% CI: -2.55 to -1.70] and for the 13-15 year old groups, -4.22 [95% CI: -6.84 to -1.55]. All the analyses favoured the SF groups (p <0.001). For SF versus WF, there was no difference (-0.11 reduction [95% CI: -0.29 to +0.07]). Within limitations, the pooled estimates of the WMDs for the different age cohorts favoured SF versus no exposure.

• Resin-modified glass-ionomer cements versus resin-based materials as fissure sealants: a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

  Authors: V Yengopal, S Mickenautsch

  European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 02/2010; 11(1):18-25.

  To appraise quantitatively current evidence regarding the caries-preventing effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GIC) fissure sealants in comparison to that of resin-based fissureTo appraise quantitatively current evidence regarding the caries-preventing effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GIC) fissure sealants in comparison to that of resin-based fissure sealants. Systematic review with meta-analysis. 8 Anglophone databases and 2 Lusophone databases were searched until 15 April 2009, using a pre-determined search strategy. Clinical trials were considered for inclusion if their titles/abstracts were relevant to the topic, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and had a two-arm longitudinal study design. The outcome measure of the caries-preventive effect was caries absence on sealed teeth. Two reviewers independently extracted data from the accepted articles in order to complete a 2x2 table for meta-analysis. The unit of interest was the tooth, and the number of caries-free teeth (n) at the end of each time interval (6, 12 and 24 months) was compared against the total number of evaluated teeth (N). Datasets were assessed for their clinical and methodological heterogeneity, following Cochrane guidelines, and only homogeneous datasets were combined for meta-analysis, using a random effects model (RevMan 4.2). Differences in the caries-preventive effect were computed on the basis of the combined Relative Risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 212 articles identified, only 6 trials were included. From these, 19 separate datasets were extracted. For the pooled data, equivalent caries-preventive effects were observed at 6 months (RR= 0.98, 95% CI 0.95- 1.00; p = 0.08); 12 months (RR=1.00, 95% CI 0.96-1.04, p = 0.99) and 24 months (RR=1.01, 95% CI 0.84-1.21, p = 0.91). The 36-month data (not pooled) favoured resin-based sealants (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.97, p = 0.002). This meta-analysis found no conclusive evidence that either material was superior to the other in preventing dental caries.

• Absence of carious lesions at margins of glass-ionomer and amalgam restorations: a meta- analysis.

  Authors: S Mickenautsch, V Yengopal, S C Leal, L B Oliveira, A C Bezerra, M Bönecker

  European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 04/2009; 10(1):41-6.

  AIM: To report on the absence of carious lesions at margins of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and amalgam restorations. METHODS: Six Anglophone and 1 Lusophone databases were searched for articles up toAIM: To report on the absence of carious lesions at margins of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and amalgam restorations. METHODS: Six Anglophone and 1 Lusophone databases were searched for articles up to 5 January 2008. Inclusion criteria for articles were: (i) titles/abstracts relevant to topic; (ii) published in English, Portuguese or Spanish language; (iii) reporting on a randomised control trial. Exclusion criteria were: (i) insufficient random allocation of study subjects (ii) operator and subject not blinded, where appropriate; (iii) not all entered subjects accounted for at trial conclusion; (iv) subjects of both groups not followed up the same way. Articles were accepted only if they complied with all the criteria. Ten articles complied with the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. From these 4 were rejected and 6 articles reporting on 8 separate studies accepted. Due to aspects of heterogeneity, studies were sub-grouped before meta- analysis. RESULTS: Significantly less carious lesions were observed on single-surface GIC restorations in permanent teeth after 6 years as compared to restorations with amalgam (OR 2.64 - CI 95% 1.39 - 5.03, p= 0.003). No studies investigating multiple-surface restorations on permanent teeth were identified. Studies investigating carious lesions at margins of restorations in primary teeth showed no difference between both materials after 3 and 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Carious lesions at margins of single-surface GIC restorations are less common than with amalgam fillings after 6 years in permanent teeth. No difference was observed in primary teeth. More trials are needed in order to confirm these results.

• Predicting HIV in a public dental facility using group I oral lesions.

  Authors: A Bhayat, V Yengopal, M J Rudolph, M S Nemutandani

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 12/2008; 63(10):538, 540, 542-3.

  Group I oral lesions have been strongly associated with HIV and in resource-poor settings could be useful predictors of HIV. No study has evaluated the predictability of these lesions in diagnosingGroup I oral lesions have been strongly associated with HIV and in resource-poor settings could be useful predictors of HIV. No study has evaluated the predictability of these lesions in diagnosing HIV/AIDS in patients who attend dental public facilities in South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To determine the HIV status, prevalence of Group I oral lesions and their predictive value amongst patients attending a dental clinic in Soweto, South Africa. METHODS: This cross sectional analytical study comprised of adult patients attending a dental facility over one week in 2006. All patients underwent a clinical examination by calibrated dentists. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients (100% response) were screened of which 87 (53%) were female. The HIV prevalence was 28% (n = 46) and of those who tested positive, 15% (7) manifested with Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG). This proved to be highly predictive for HIV (positive predictive value = 93.8%, specificity = 99.6% and likelihood ratio = 40). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence rate of HIV in dental facilities confirms the heavy burden of the HIV epidemic. NUG proved to be a good predictor of HIV in this setting.

• Attitudes of South African oral hygienists towards compulsory community service.

  Authors: A Bhayat, V Yengopal, M J Rudolph, U Naidoo, A Vayej

  International journal of dental hygiene. 03/2008; 6(1):8-12.

  Compulsory Community Service (CCS) was introduced into the health service by the government to address the shortage and maldistribution of health professionals within the public sector. The aim ofCompulsory Community Service (CCS) was introduced into the health service by the government to address the shortage and maldistribution of health professionals within the public sector. The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of oral hygiene (OH) students, registered in 2004 at the five dental universities regarding the introduction of a 1-year-long CCS. Objectives: To determine: (a) the students' socio-demographic profile and (b) their attitudes towards CCS. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was hand delivered to all OH students who were registered during 2004 at the respective dental universities. Results: The study yielded a response rate of 70% (109) with the average age of participants being 21.4 years. Most students were female (94%) and more than half were White (52%). More than half (53%) did not want to perform CCS even though 75% acknowledged its' importance. The most common concern for not supporting CCS was security (89%). Ninety per cent (90%) indicated that their preferred tasks would be to engage in clinical work and oral health promotion. Conclusion: Although the majority of participants supported the principles of CCS, a significant number were against the introduction citing security as their main concern. Most of the students preferred to perform clinical work and preventive programmes during their CCS.

• Occupational exposures among dental assistants in public health care facilities, Limpopo Province.

  Authors: M S Nemutandani, V Yengopal, M J Rudolph, N M Tsotsi

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 10/2007; 62(8):348, 352-5.

  The risk of dental assistants acquiring injury and infections from the dental clinics has received little attention, especially in South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence ofThe risk of dental assistants acquiring injury and infections from the dental clinics has received little attention, especially in South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of occupational exposures among dental assistants working in public health care facilities in Limpopo Province. METHODS: A cross-section study on infection control practice and occupational exposures was conducted among 73 dental assistants. RESULTS: The sample was predominantly female (95%) with a mean age of 40.2 years (age range 23-54 years). Almost half the respondents (49.1%) had no formal training for their occupation, 22% were nursing assistants and only 10.2% had qualified at a technical college (Technicon). The mean number of clinicians assisted by each participant was 3.8 (SD +/- 1.9). Nearly half of the dental assistants (n = 26) reported an occupational exposure, half of which in turn occurred while handling instruments and 42.3% while assisting. The most common type of injury was a direct puncture (65.3%). Treatment included antiretroviral therapy (19.2%) and wound-cleaning (38.4%), while 42.3% reported that they had had no treatment at all. About 23% of incidents were not reported. Eighty percent changed gloves routinely between patients but 67% did not use protective eye glasses; 62.7% were not vaccinated against HBV. CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure was found to be unacceptably high and compliance of infection control guidelines was low.

• Evidence-based dentistry in South Africa: Part I: Background and need for a South African initiative.

  Authors: V Yengopal, C P Owen

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 08/2005; 60(6):246-7.

• Essential oils: some lesser known uses and properties for improved oral health.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 11/2004; 59(9):381-2, 384.

• Essential oils for caries prevention: a viable option?

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 10/2004; 59(8):337, 339-40.

• Essentials oils for implant maintenance: an evidence based appraisal.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 08/2004; 59(7):296, 298.

• The use of essential oil mouthwashes as preprocedural rinses for infection control.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 08/2004; 59(6):247-8, 250.

• Preventative dentistry: essential oils and oral malodour.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 07/2004; 59(5):204, 206.

• Essential oils and interdental hygiene.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 06/2004; 59(4):155, 157, 170.

• The role of essential oils in prevention strategies to improve oral health: an update of the evidence.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 05/2004; 59(3):109-12.

• Evidence-based dentistry in practice.

  Authors: V Yengopal

  SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging. 08/2003; 58(6):255-8.