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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between involvement in bullying behaviors and school, family, and peer factors. Health Behavior in School Age Children survey questionnaire was used. Of the students surveyed, 20% were both bully and victim, 11% were bully, and 21% were victim. Being male, poor parental support, and poor monitoring by the father were found to be risk factors for being both bully and victim. Poor academic achievement, having peers at different ages, poor quality of friendship, poor communication with parents, and not being isolated by peers were found to be risk factors for being bully. Not liking school, feeling pressured by school work, poor quality of friendship, poor monitoring by the father, close bonding with mother, and poor status of the peer group were found to be risk factors for being victim. These findings highlight the importance that bullying intervention programs should include country-specific and culture-specific influences for success.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 01/2013; · 1.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recombinant human growth hormone and nandrolone phenylpropionate are two different anabolic agents. This study was designed
to investigate the effects of these anabolic agents on the healing of ischemie colon anastomosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy
adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 14). Group I was the sham laparotomy group. In the other groups,
surgical procedures consisting of transsection and anastomosis were made at a distance 3 cm from the peritoneal reflection.
Group II was the nonischemic control group. Ischemie colon model was produced in the remaining groups. Group III was the untreated
control group. Groups IV and V received recombinant human growth hormone and nandrolone phenylpropionate, respectively. Bursting
pressure and hydroxyproline levels were measured on the third and seventh postoperative days to evaluate anastomotic healing.
RESULTS: Recombinant human growth hormone increased both collagen deposition and bursting pressure significantly at postoperative
Days 3 and 7 compared with the sham and untreated control groups (P < 0.005). When compared with the untreated control, nandrolone
phenylpropionate significantly increased collagen deposition at postoperative Days 3 and 7 (P < 0.005) and bursting pressure
only at postoperative Day 3 (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant human growth hormone has more favorable therapeutic effects
on the healing of ischemie colonie anastomoses than nandrolone phenylpropionate. Recombinant human growth hormone also improves
healing of nonischemic colonie anastomosis.
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 04/2012; 46(12):1690-1697. · 3.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We examined the association of active ghrelin levels with birth weight, sex, and gestational age (GA) in small for GA (SGA) and appropriate for GA (AGA) preterm infants.
Active ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA method during the first five postnatal days in 38 preterm SGA infants and 32 preterm AGA controls.
Active ghrelin levels were significantly higher in preterm SGA infants than in preterm AGA controls (P < 0.01). Active ghrelin levels in preterms with birth weight <1500 g were statistically higher than those over 1500 g. Active ghrelin levels in preterms ≤ 34 gestational weeks were similar to those over 34 weeks. A negative correlation was detected between active ghrelin levels and birth weight (r = -0.561, P < 0.0001) as well as GA (r = -0.449, P < 0.0001).
We found significantly higher active ghrelin levels in SGA preterms than those in AGA preterms and demonstrated a negative correlation between active ghrelin levels and birth weight in preterm infants. This was the first study showing a negative correlation between active ghrelin levels and birth weight in preterm infants.
European Journal of Endocrinology 12/2011; 166(3):399-405. · 3.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different doses of vitamin C on oxidative liver injury due to isoniazid (INH) in rats.
Rats were divided into four subgroups, each containing 10 rats. Group 1 was the control group; group 2, INH 50 mg/kg per day; group 3, INH 50 mg/kg per day + low-dose vitamin C (100 mg/kg per day); group 4, INH 50 mg/kg per day + high-dose vitamin C (1000 mg/kg per day). INH and vitamin C were administered into their stomachs through an oral tube. After 21 days, measurements were made in both serum and homogenized liver tissues. The levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other biochemical variables were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and vitamin C were measured using commercial kits.
Aspartate amino transferase and alanine aminotransferase in group 2 were higher than those in groups 1, 3 and 4 (P < 0.008 for both). Serum and tissue levels of MDA in group 2 were higher than that in groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.008 for both). There was no difference in the SOD levels between the four groups (P= 0.095). Erythrocyte and tissue GSH in group 2 were higher than that in groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.008 for both). Interestingly, erythrocyte and tissue GSH in group 4 were lower than those in group 1 (P < 0.008 for both). Erythrocyte level of GSH-px in group 2 was higher than that in groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.008 for both).
INH-induced liver injury is associated with oxidative stress, and co-administration of low-dose vitamin C may reduce this damage effectively in a rat model. The antioxidant effect of high-dose vitamin C does not seem more potent compared to the low dose.
Pediatrics International 07/2009; 52(1):69-74. · 0.63 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We aimed to determine the status of and factors associated with adolescent health care delivery and training in Europe on behalf of the European Paediatric Association-UNEPSA.
A questionnaire was mailed to the presidents of 48 national paediatric societies in Europe. For statistical analyses, non-parametric tests were used as appropriate.
Six of the countries had a paediatric (PSPCA), 14 had a combined and nine had a general practitioner/family doctor system for the primary care of adolescents (GP/FDSA). Paediatricians served children 17 years of age or older in 15 and 17, up to 16 years of age in three and six, and up to 14 years of age in six and six countries in outpatient and inpatient settings, respectively. Fifteen and 18 of the countries had some kind of special inpatient wards and outpatient clinics for adolescents, respectively. Twenty-eight of the countries had some kind of national/governmental screening or/and preventive health programmes for adolescents. In countries with a PSPCA, the gross national income (GNI) per capita was significantly lower than in those with a GP/FDSA, and the mean upper age limit of adolescents was significantly higher than in those with the other systems. In the eastern part of Europe, the mortality rate of 10-14 year olds was significantly higher than that in the western part (p=0.008). Training in adolescent medicine was offered in pre-graduate education in 14 countries in the paediatric curriculum and in the context of paediatric residency and GP/family physician residency programmes in 18 and nine countries, respectively. Adolescent medicine was reported as a recognised subspecialty in 15 countries and as a certified subspecialty of paediatrics in one country. In countries with a PSPCA, paediatric residents were more likely to be educated in adolescent medicine than paediatric residents in countries with a GP/FDSA.
The results of the present study show that there is a need for the reconstruction and standardisation of adolescent health care delivery and training in European countries. The European Paediatric Association-UNEPSA could play a key role in the implementation of the proposals suggested in this paper.
European Journal of Pediatrics 08/2008; 168(4):417-26. · 1.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate bullying behaviours and their associations with health and health risk behaviours. This study involved completion of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) and Youth Self Report (YSR) questionnaires by 3,519 students. Of the students, 59.4% (n=2,091) were neither bullies/nor victims, 22% (n=774) victims, 9.4% (n=331) bully/victims and 9.2% (n=323) bullies. Generally, students involved in bullying behaviours were more likely to have higher YSR scale scores than students who were not involved in bullying behaviours. Bully/victims had higher scores on the YSR subscales than others. Students involved in bullying behaviours were more likely not to use seat belts, to watch TV >or= 4 h/day, to be involved in a physical fight, to skip class and to spend time with friends than students who were not involved in bullying behaviours. Bully/victims and bullies were more likely to smoke cigarettes, to drink alcohol, to be drunk, to play computer games and to be sexually active than others. Bully/victims were more likely to have less educated mothers and to have difficulty in talking to both parents than others. Victims were more likely to have a lower socioeconomic status, to have difficulty in talking to opposite gender friends and to have difficulty in making new friends than others. Bullying behaviour is common and associated with other risk behaviours and psychological health problems in Istanbul high school students. Health professionals should be aware of the influence of bullying on health and particularly on bully/victims' health. There is a strong need for bullying prevention programmes in schools in Turkey.
European Journal of Pediatrics 12/2007; 166(12):1253-60. · 1.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this prospective study, the authors aimed to show intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) incidence of premature newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, and its risk factors, and they tried to compare these results with those they reported 8 years ago.
A total of 103 premature newborns, hospitalized between August 2003 and January 2005 with a gestational age equal or less than 33 weeks, were included in this study. IVH rates and changes in the incidences of risk factors were compared with those that had been reported between January 1995 and January 1997.
Mean birthweight of this population was 1400 +/- 380 g (min, 550 g; max, 2000 g) and gestational age 30.3 +/- 2.1 weeks (min, 25 weeks; max, 33 weeks). IVH was diagnosed in 13 (13%) of them. IVH rates were 37, 10 and 5% for birthweight groups 501-1000, 1001-1500 and 1501-200 g, respectively. Statistically significant risk factors were found to be birthweight, gestational age, clinical risk index for babies score >5, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and hypotension. Maternal corticosteroid administration was found to be significantly protective. IVH rates and incidences of risk factors in this study were decreased compared to those reported 8 years ago.
In developing countries, where well equipped Neonatal Intensive Care Units are limited, prevention of prematurity, better prenatal care and maternal corticosteroid administration become essential points for the prevention of IVH and its neurological consequences.
Pediatrics International 06/2007; 49(3):341-4. · 0.63 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in female adolescents in Istanbul, Turkey from data collected as part of a school-based population study on health and health behaviors.
A stratified cluster sampling procedure was used for this cross-sectional study. The study sample included 1,955 randomly selected 9th through 11th grade female students attending 26 randomly-selected high schools in Istanbul. A self-report questionnaire was administered anonymously in the classroom. Information on sexual abuse history was collected through the questions investigating "touching" and "intercourse."
Of 1,955 female students, 1,871 (95.7%) provided answers to the questions addressing unwanted sexual experience. Of these, 250 (13.4%) reported sexually abusive experiences. Two hundred and thirteen (11.3%) students reported that someone touched their private parts in a way they did not like; 91 (4.9%) reported they were forced to have sexual intercourse; 54 (3.0%) reported both types of sexual abuse. Incest was reported by 1.8% of the subjects. Ninety-three percent of the perpetrators were reported to be male.
This is the first reported school-based study to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in Turkey. The results show that at least 13.4% of female high school students disclosed having experienced sexual abuse during childhood.
Child Abuse & Neglect 04/2006; 30(3):247-55. · 2.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The response to mycobacteria-derived purified protein (PPD) is mediated primarily by T-helper-1 response and is expected to be inhibited in atopic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the PPD response is different in atopic asthmatic children.
40 atopic asthmatic children (mean age 8.3 +/- 4.9 years) and 40 healthy age- and sex-matched children who had received bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination were included in the study. Five PPD units were administered intradermally to all children and were interpreted after 48 h.
There was no correlation between serum total IgE level and PPD induration (p=0.054). The PPD induration was not statistically different between the children who used inhaled corticosteroid and those who did not. Although the PPD positivity (induration > or =5 mm) rate was higher in atopic asthmatic children (50%) than in healthy children (32.5%), the difference was not found to be statistically significant. The PPD induration in atopic asthmatic children (7.41 +/- 5.58 mm) was found to be greater than the one in healthy children (5.21 +/- 3.39) (p < 0.039). The induration in atopic asthmatic children (5.21 +/- 3.77) and healthy children (4.43 +/- 2.32) did not show a difference in children who where vaccinated only once with BCG, but it was found to be statistically significantly greater in atopic asthmatic children (12.50 +/- 5.90) than healthy children (7.08 +/- 4.70) who were vaccinated with BCG twice (p <0.012). The proportion of having a PPD induration of > or =10 mm was found to be higher in atopic asthmatic children than in the healthy ones (32.5 vs. 12.5%) (p <0.032).
Our data showed that the PPD response was stronger in BCG-vaccinated atopic asthmatic children than in healthy BCG-vaccinated ones.
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 11/2004; 135(3):229-34. · 2.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate health status of Turkish adolescents and to determine the factors affecting their self perceptions of health. The subjects of the study were 4,153 grade 9-11 students from 26 randomly selected high schools in Istanbul. In total, 78% (n = 3231) and 62% (n = 2537) of the students reported that they were feeling healthy and happy, respectively. Prevalence of headache, abdominal pain and backache; feeling low, irritable, nervous and dizzy; medication use for headache, abdominal pain and nervousness were higher in females than in males (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Prevalence of difficulty in getting to sleep and medication use for it were quite similar in both genders. Perceived higher socio-economic status, feeling happy and exercising longer than 2-3 h a week were found as protective factors related to feeling healthy for both genders. In females, ease of talking to mother and perceived adequate parental support on school matters and in males, ease of talking to father and satisfaction with body size were protective factors related to feeling healthy, respectively. Cigarette smoking and having headaches put feeling healthy at risk in both genders. In females, feeling left out of things, having backache and dizziness and medication use for nervousness and in males, feeling pressured by school work, abdominal pain and difficulty in getting to sleep were risk factors related to feeling healthy, respectively. Conclusion: the findings of this study suggest that a significant number of Turkish adolescents perceive themselves as not very healthy and experience psychosomatic symptoms. Perception of health differed to some extent according to gender. Programmes promoting health-related activities and coping strategies with parental participation need to be developed for improving health in high school students.
European Journal of Pediatrics 08/2004; 163(8):485-94. · 1.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to provide data about the prevalence of violent behaviour among high school students living in Istanbul and to determine the correlates of physical fighting.
This study involved the completion of a modified version of 'Health Behaviour in School Age Children (HBSC) 1997/1998' survey questionnaire by 4153 grade 9-11 students. Chi square tests and forward stepwise multiple logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses.
During the last 12 months preceding the survey 42% of students (n=1720) reported that they had been in a physical fight; 7% (n=274) reported that they were involved in a fight which required medical treatment. During the last school term 19% (n=768) bullied others at school; 30% (n=1255) reported having been bullied at school; 7% (n=309) reported that they had been bullied with a weapon on school grounds; 8% (n=346) reported that they carried a weapon on school grounds. In logistic regression analyses being male, poor mental health score, being sexually active, current cigarette use, illicit drug use, not using seat belts, bullying, being bullied with a weapon, carrying a weapon, spending more time with friends, poor school image and physical abuse were found to be associated with fighting.
Violent behaviour is common in high school students. There is a strong need for violence prevention programmes in schools.
The European Journal of Public Health 07/2004; 14(2):173-7. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, associated symptoms, and clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain who had been admitted to an emergency department.
Children aged between 2 and 16 years who presented to the emergency department of Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University between July 2001 and August 2002 with acute abdominal pain were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was completed each patient admitted to our pediatric emergency unit for acute abdominal pain. Data collected included presenting signs and symptoms, the hospital follow up for all children who returned within 10 days, test results, and telephone follow up.
The number of children referred to the emergency department was 7442, with 399 (5.4%) of these having acute abdominal pain. The mean age of the study population was 6.9 +/- 3.5 years, and 201 of the patients were male. The five most prevalent diagnoses were: (i) upper respiratory tract infection and/or complicated with otitis media or sinusitis (23.7%); (ii) abdominal pain with uncertain etiology (15.4%); (iii) gastroenteritis (15.4%); (iv) constipation (9.4%); and (v) urinary tract infection (8%). The most common associated symptoms were decreased appetite, fever and emesis. Because of follow-up deficiency the progress of 28 patients was not obtained. Eighty-two children were referred to the department of pediatric surgery, but only 17 of 82 (20.7%) required surgical intervention (15 of these 17 for appendicitis). Eleven patients returned within 10 days for re-evaluation, but the initial diagnosis was not changed. The complaints of 57 patients with uncertain etiology were resolved within 2 days.
An acute complaint of abdominal pain was usually attributed to a self-limited disease. However, the percentage of surgical etiology is not negligible.
Pediatrics International 07/2004; 46(3):325-9. · 0.63 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recombinant human growth hormone and nandrolone phenylpropionate are two different anabolic agents. This study was designed to investigate the effects of these anabolic agents on the healing of ischemic colon anastomosis in rats.
Seventy adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 14). Group I was the sham laparotomy group. In the other groups, surgical procedures consisting of transsection and anastomosis were made at a distance 3 cm from the peritoneal reflection. Group II was the nonischemic control group. Ischemic colon model was produced in the remaining groups. Group III was the untreated control group. Groups IV and V received recombinant human growth hormone and nandrolone phenylpropionate, respectively. Bursting pressure and hydroxyproline levels were measured on the third and seventh postoperative days to evaluate anastomotic healing.
Recombinant human growth hormone increased both collagen deposition and bursting pressure significantly at postoperative Days 3 and 7 compared with the sham and untreated control groups (P < 0.005). When compared with the untreated control, nandrolone phenylpropionate significantly increased collagen deposition at postoperative Days 3 and 7 (P < 0.005) and bursting pressure only at postoperative Day 3 (P < 0.005).
Recombinant human growth hormone has more favorable therapeutic effects on the healing of ischemic colonic anastomoses than nandrolone phenylpropionate. Recombinant human growth hormone also improves healing of nonischemic colonic anastomosis.
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 01/2004; 46(12):1690-7. · 3.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the experimental stress literature, the results of investigations have not shown a specific sex-dependent vulnerability to stress ulceration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of sex differences on stress ulcer development. Related to gender, the contributing factors for stress ulcer production such as luminal acidity, sialic acid as an marker of gastric mucosal protection, oxygen (O2)-derived free radicals and endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms were also investigated. Fifty Wistar Albino rats weighing about 230 g and aged 7 or 8 months were divided equally into five groups: Group I normal male rats, group II castrated male rats, group III normal female rats in estrus phase, group IV normal female rats in diestrus phase and group V castrated female rats. Cold restraint model was used for 6 hours to produce stress ulcer. No statistically significant difference was found out between groups in view of gross and histopathologic damage. There was no significant difference between groups according to gastric luminal acidity, gastric mucosal sialic acid, gastric malonaldehyde (MDA) and catalase values. Gastric superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in Group I in comparison to those of Group III and IV. Sex differences do not interfere stress ulcer formation. SOD activity in rat gastric tissue has varied significantly by hormonal milieu.
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 06/2002; 197(1):17-26. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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Journal of Adolescent Health 02/2002; 30(1):7-8. · 3.33 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in female adolescents in Istanbul, Turkey from data collected as part of a school-based population study on health and health behaviors.MethodA stratified cluster sampling procedure was used for this cross-sectional study. The study sample included 1,955 randomly selected 9th through 11th grade female students attending 26 randomly-selected high schools in Istanbul. A self-report questionnaire was administered anonymously in the classroom. Information on sexual abuse history was collected through the questions investigating “touching” and “intercourse.”ResultsOf 1,955 female students, 1,871 (95.7%) provided answers to the questions addressing unwanted sexual experience. Of these, 250 (13.4%) reported sexually abusive experiences. Two hundred and thirteen (11.3%) students reported that someone touched their private parts in a way they did not like; 91 (4.9%) reported they were forced to have sexual intercourse; 54 (3.0%) reported both types of sexual abuse. Incest was reported by 1.8% of the subjects. Ninety-three percent of the perpetrators were reported to be male.ConclusionsThis is the first reported school-based study to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in Turkey. The results show that at least 13.4% of female high school students disclosed having experienced sexual abuse during childhood.RésuméObjectifL’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence des agressions sexuelles chez les adolescentes à Istamboul, Turquie, à partir d’observations réunies en tant qu’étude de la santé et des conduites de santé d’une population scolarisée.Méthodeune procédure par échantillonnage stratifié a été utilisée pour cette étude transversale. L’échantillon étudié incluait 1955 élèves sélectionnés au hasard entre la 3ème et la Terminale appartenant à 26 lycées choisis au hasard à Istamboul. Un questionnaire a été distribué de façon anonyme dans la classe. Des renseignements sur un passé d’agression sexuelle ont été rassemblés avec des questions sur le “toucher” et les “rapports”.RésultatsSur les 1955 élèves, 1871 (95.7%) ont répondu aux questions se référant à une expérience sexuelle non désirée. Parmi celles-ci, 250 (13.4%) ont rapporté des expériences d’agression sexuelle. Deux cent treize (11.3%) ont raconté que quelqu’un avait touché leurs parties intimes d’une façon qu’elles n’avaient pas aimé; 90 (4.9%) ont déclaré avoir été forcées à un rapport sexuel; 54 (3%) ont décrit les deux types d’agression sexuelle. Un inceste a été rapporté par 1.8% des cas. Quatre-vint treize pour cent des agresseurs ont été déclarés masculins.ConclusionsCeci est la première étude réalisée en milieu scolaire pour déterminer la prévalence des agressions sexuelles en Turquie. Les résultats montrent qu’au moins 13.4% des filles élèves de lycée ont déclaré avoir été victimes d’agressions sexuelles pendant leur enfance.ResumenObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de abuso sexual en estudiantes femeninas adolescentes en Estambul, Turquía de los datos recogidos como parte de un estudio de una población escolar sobre salud y conductas saludables.MétodoPara este estudio transversal se utilizó un procedimiento de muestreo estratificado por grupos. La muestra incluyó 1,955 estudiantes femeninas seleccionadas al azar del 9no. al 11avo. grado que asistían a 26 escuelas de bachillerato elegidas al azar en Estambul. Se les administró en las clases un cuestionario de auto-reporte anónimo. Se recogió información sobre la historia de abuso sexual a través de preguntas que investigaban “los toques o caricias” y “relaciones sexuales”.ResultadosDe las 1955 estudiantes femeninas, 1871 (95.7%) dieron respuestas que señalaban experiencias sexuales no deseadas. De estas, 250 (13.4%) reportaron experiencias sexuales abusivas. Doscientos trece (11.3%) estudiantes reportaron que alguien tocó sus partes privadas de una manera que no les gustó; 90 (4.9%) reportaron haber sido forzadas a sostener relaciones sexuales; 54 (3.0%) reportaron ambos tipos de abuso sexual. El 1.8% de las estudiantes reportaron incesto. Noventa y tres por ciento de los perpetradores eran varones.ConclusionesEste es el primer estudio realizado en las escuelas para determinar la prevalencia del abuso sexual en Turquía. Los resultados demuestran que por lo menos 13.4% de las estudiantes femeninas reportaron haber sufrido abuso sexual en su niñez.
Child Abuse & Neglect.
