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ABSTRACT: A 3D nanocomposite scaffold of chitosan, gelatin and nano-silica was fabricated by lyophilization to test the hypothesis that incorporation of nano-SiO2 could produce a better candidate for bone tissue engineering compared to pure chitosan and chitosan/gelatin scaffolds. The prepared scaffold was characterized using SEM and FTIR. Porosity, density, swelling, degradation, mechanical integrity, biomineralization and protein adsorption studies, favored it in comparison to the conventional chitosan and chitosan/gelatin scaffolds. In vitro cyto-compatablity, cell attachment-proliferation, ALP activity studies performed using MG-63 cells, advocate its remarkable performance. These cumulative results indicate the prepared nanocomposite scaffold as a prospective candidate for bone tissue engineering.
International journal of biological macromolecules 04/2013; · 2.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Nanoparticle mediated delivery of antineoplastic agents, functionalized with monoclonal antibodies has achieved extraordinary potential in cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to develop a drug delivery system comprising O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) nanoparticles, surface-conjugated with Cetuximab (Cet) for targeted delivery of paclitaxel (PTXL) to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) over-expressing cancer cells. Nanoparticles around 180±35nm and negatively charged were prepared through simple ionic gelation technique. The alamar blue assay indicated that these targeted nanoparticles displayed a superior anticancer activity compared to non-targeted nanoparticles. The nanoformulation triggered enhanced cell death (confirmed by flow cytometry) due to its higher cellular uptake. The selective uptake of Cet-PTXL-O-CMC nanoparticles by EGFR +VE cancer cells (A549, A431 and SKBR3) compared to EGFR -VE MIAPaCa-2 cells confirms the active targeting and delivery of PTXL via the targeted nanomedicine. Cet-PTXL-O-CMC nanoparticles can be used a promising candidate for the targeted therapy of EGFR over expressing cancers.
Carbohydrate polymers. 04/2013; 93(2):661-9.
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ABSTRACT: Nanoparticle mediated delivery of antineoplastic agents, functionalized with monoclonal antibodies has achieved extraordinary potential in cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to develop a drug delivery system comprising O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) nanoparticles, surface-conjugated with Cetuximab (Cet) for targeted delivery of paclitaxel (PTXL) to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) over-expressing cancer cells. Nanoparticles around 180 ± 35 nm and negatively charged were prepared through simple ionic gelation technique. The alamar blue assay indicated that these targeted nanoparticles displayed a superior anticancer activity compared to non-targeted nanoparticles. The nanoformulation triggered enhanced cell death (confirmed by flow cytometry) due to its higher cellular uptake. The selective uptake of Cet-PTXL-O-CMC nanoparticles by EGFR +VE cancer cells (A549, A431 and SKBR3) compared to EGFR −VE MIAPaCa-2 cells confirms the active targeting and delivery of PTXL via the targeted nanomedicine. Cet-PTXL-O-CMC nanoparticles can be used a promising candidate for the targeted therapy of EGFR over expressing cancers.
Carbohydrate letters 04/2013; 93(2):661-669.
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ABSTRACT: In this work, the attachment, viability and functionality of rat Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells (rBOEC) and genetically modified rBOEC (rBOEC/eNOS-GFP), which over express endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), were investigated on Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-chitosan and PLA-chitosan-collagen nanofibrous scaffolds. Both the cell types displayed good attachment, remained viable and functional on both scaffolds. Moreover, incorporation of collagen in the scaffold helped in sustaining the rBOEC for upto one week, although collagen was not found necessary for rBOEC/eNOS-GFP. We conclude that PLA-chitosan based nanofibrous scaffolds can be a potential candidate for BOEC based wound healing applications.
International journal of biological macromolecules 03/2013; · 2.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Nanogels are nanosized hydrogel particles formed by physical or chemical cross-linked polymer networks. The advantageous properties of nanogels related to the ability of retaining considerable amount of water, the biocompatibility of the polymers used, the ability to encapsulate and protect a large quantity of payload drugs within the nanogel matrix, the high stability in aqueous media, their stimuli responsively behavior potential, and the versatility in release drugs in a controlled manner make them very attractive for use in the area of drug delivery. The materials used for the preparation of nanogels ranged from natural polymers like ovalbumin, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, methacrylated chondroitin sulfate and chitosan, to synthetic polymers like poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (methacrylic acid). The porous nanogels have been finding application as anti-cancer drug and imaging agent reservoirs. Smart nanogels responding to external stimuli such as temperature, pH etc can be designed for diverse therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The nanogels have also been surface functionalized with specific ligands aiding in targeted drug delivery. This review focus on stimuli-sensitive, multi-responsive, magnetic and targeted nanogels providing a brief insight on the application of nanogels in cancer drug delivery and imaging in detail.
Current pharmaceutical design 03/2013; · 4.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A biomimetic scaffold which can very closely mimic the extracellular matrix of the bone was fabricated by incorporating nano-bioceramic particles such as nano bioglass (nBG) and nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) within electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. A comparative study between nHAp incorporated poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-chitosan (CS) and nBG incorporated PCL-CS nanofibrous scaffolds was carried out and their feasibility in tissue engineering was investigated. All the samples were optimized to obtain fibers of similar diameter from 100-200 nm for the ease of comparison between the samples. Protein adsorption studies showed that PCL-CS incorporated with 3 wt% nHAp and 3 wt% nBG adsorbed more proteins on their surface than other samples. Cell attachment and proliferation studies using human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (hPLFs) and osteoblast like cells (MG-63 cell lines) showed that nBG incorporated samples are slightly superior to nHAp incorporated counterparts. Cell viability test using alamar blue assay and live/dead staining confirms that the scaffolds are cytocompatible. ALP activity confirmed the osteoblastic behavior of hPDLFs. Also the presence of nHAp and nBG enhanced the ALP activity of hPDLF on the PCH3 and PCB3 scaffolds. These studies indicate that nBG incorporated electrospun scaffolds are comparatively better candidates for orthopedic and periodontal tissue engineering applications.
Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 03/2013; 9(3):430-40. · 4.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the current work, a sustained drug delivery system of flutamide (FLT) was developed using chitosan (CS) and dextran sulphate (DS) nanoparticles and were characterized using different techniques. The prepared nanoparticles showed a size of 80-120 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 55 +/- 6.95%. In addition, blood compatibility, in vitro cytotoxicity, drug release and cellular uptake studies were also carried out. The drug release studies showed a sustained and pH dependent release pattern as a result, after 120 h about 66% drug release occurred at pH 7.4 and 78% release occurred in acidic pH. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) experiments proved the preferential toxicity of drug loaded nanoparticles towards prostate cancer cells (PC3) unlike in normal cells, mouse fibroblast cells (L929). The cell death mechanism of drug loaded nanoparticles for a concentration of 50 and 75 nM showed 28 +/- 2 and 35.2 +/- 4% apoptosis in samples treated with the PC3 cells after 24 h. Fluorescent microscopic imaging and flow cytometry confirmed the preferential uptake of the nanoparticles (NPs) in the prostate cancer cells (PC3) unlike in normal (L929) cells. Hence the developed FLT loaded CS-DS NPs could be used as a promising system for controlled delivery in prostate cancer.
Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 03/2013; 9(3):335-47. · 4.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this work, Hemigraphis alternata extract incorporated chitosan scaffold was synthesized and characterized for wound healing. The antibacterial activity of Hemigraphis incorporated chitosan scaffold (HIC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated which showed a reduction in total colony forming units by 45-folds toward E. coli and 25-fold against S. aureus respectively. Cell viability studies using Human Dermal Fibroblast cells (HDF) showed 90% viability even at 48h when compared to the chitosan control. The herbal scaffold made from chitosan was highly haemostatic and antibacterial. The obtained results were in support that the herbal scaffold can be effectively applied for infectious wounds.
Carbohydrate polymers. 02/2013; 92(2):1561-5.
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ABSTRACT: In this work chitosan-hyaluronan composite sponge incorporated with chondroitin sulfate nanoparticle (nCS) was developed. The fabrication of hydrogel was based on simple ionic cross-linking using EDC, followed by lyophilization to obtain the composite sponge. nCS suspension was characterized using DLS and SEM and showed a size range of 100-150nm. The composite sponges were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and TG-DTA. Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, blood clotting and platelet activation of the prepared sponges were also evaluated. Nanocomposites showed a porosity of 67% and showed enhanced swelling and blood clotting ability. Cytocompatibility and cell adhesion studies of the sponges were done using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and the nanocomposite sponges showed more than 90% viability. Nanocomposite sponges also showed enhanced proliferation of HDF cells within two days of study. These results indicated that this nanocomposite sponges would be a potential candidate for wound dressing.
Carbohydrate polymers. 02/2013; 92(2):1470-6.
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ABSTRACT: In this work, we have developed a nanocomposite scaffold using a mixture of pectin, chitin and nano CaCO(3) using the technique of lyophilization, with an intended use towards biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. The prepared composite scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, swelling, degradation and biomineralization capability of the composite scaffold was evaluated. The developed composite scaffold showed controlled swelling and degradation in comparison with the control scaffold. Cytocompatibility evaluation of the scaffold was tested on NIH3T3, L929 and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells, showed negligible toxicity towards cells. Cell attachment and proliferation studies were also conducted using these cells, which showed that cells attached onto the scaffolds and started to proliferate after 48h of incubation. Further, drug delivery through the scaffold was examined using a bisphosphonate called Fosamax. These results suggest that the developed composite scaffold possess the essential requisites for their application in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 01/2013; 106C:109-116. · 2.60 Impact Factor
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Carbohydrate Polymers 01/2013; · 3.63 Impact Factor
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Carbohydrate Polymers 01/2013; · 3.63 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study focuses on development and evaluation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded chitin nanogels (FCNGs). It formed good, stable aqueous dispersion with spherical particles in 120-140nm size range and showed pH responsive swelling and drug release. The FCNGs showed toxicity on melanoma (A375) in a concentration range of 0.4-2.0mg/mL, but less toxicity toward human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells by MTT assay. Confocal analysis revealed uptake of FCNGs by both cells. From skin permeation experiments, FCNGs showed almost same steady state flux as that of control 5-FU but the retention in the deeper layers of skin was found to be 4-5 times more from FCNGs. Histopathological evaluation revealed loosening of the horny layer of epidermis by interaction of cationically charged chitin, with no observed signs of inflammation and so FCNGs can be a good option for treatment of skin cancers.
Carbohydrate polymers. 01/2013; 91(1):48-57.
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ABSTRACT: Chitin and its derivatives have been widely used in drug delivery applications due to its biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic nature. In this study, we have developed amorphous chitin nanoparticles (150±50nm) and evaluated its potential as a drug delivery system. Paclitaxel (PTX), a major chemotherapeutic agent was loaded into amorphous chitin nanoparticles (AC NPs) through ionic cross-linking reaction using TPP. The prepared PTX loaded AC NPs had an average diameter of 200±50nm. Physico-chemical characterization of the prepared nanoparticles was carried out. These nanoparticles were proven to be hemocompatible and in vitro drug release studies showed a sustained release of PTX. Cellular internalization of the NPs was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy as well as by flow cytometry. Anticancer activity studies proved the toxicity of PTX-AC NPs toward colon cancer cells. These preliminary results indicate the potential of PTX-AC NPs in colon cancer drug delivery.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 12/2012; 104C:245-253. · 2.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We developed chitin hydrogel/nano ZnO composite bandages using chitin hydrogel and ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO). The homogenized mixture of chitin hydrogel and nZnO was freeze-dried to obtain micro-porous composite bandages. The prepared nanocomposite bandages were characterized using FT-IR, XRD and SEM. In addition, blood clotting, antibacterial, swelling, cytocompatibility and cell attachment capability of the prepared nanocomposite bandages were evaluated. The nanocomposite bandages showed enhanced swelling, blood clotting and antibacterial activity. The incorporation of nZnO helped to attain antibacterial activity. Cytocompatibility studies were carried out using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells proved the non-toxic nature of the composite bandages. HDF cell attachment and infiltration analysis showed that the cells were attached and penetrated into the interior (250 microm) of the nanocomposite bandages. These studies revealed that, this nanocomposite can be used for burn, diabetic and chronic wound defects.
Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 12/2012; 8(6):891-900. · 4.22 Impact Factor
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Journal of Nanopharmaceutics and Drug Delivery. 09/2012;
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Nature India 06/2012;
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ABSTRACT: Intracellular bacterial infections are recurrent, persistent and are difficult to treat because of poor penetration and limited availability of antibiotics within macrophages and epithelial cells. We developed biocompatible, 200 nm sized tetracycline encapsulated O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (Tet-O-CMC Nps) via ionic gelation for its sustained delivery of Tet into cells. S. aureus binds and aggregates with Tet-O-CMC Nps increasing drug concentrations at the infection site. Tet-O-CMC Nps were sixfold more effective in killing intracellular S. aureus compared to Tet alone in HEK-293 and differentiated THP1 macrophage cells proving it to be an efficient nanomedicine to treat intracellular S. aureus infections.
International journal of biological macromolecules 06/2012; 51(4):392-9. · 2.37 Impact Factor
