Rebecca Reeves

Publications (9)19.43 Total impact

• Article: Weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome given DASH diet counseling when provided a low sodium vegetable juice: a randomized controlled trial

  Sonia Shenoy, Walker Poston, Rebecca Reeves, Alexandra Kazaks, Roberta Holt, Carl Keen, Hsin Chen, Haddock C Keith, Barbara Winters, Chor Khoo, John Foreyt
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  ABSTRACT: Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is one of the fastest growing disease entities in the world. Weight loss is thought to be a key to improving all aspects of metabolic syndrome. Research studies have suggested benefits from diets rich in vegetables and fruits in helping individuals reach and achieve healthy weights. Objective To evaluate the effects of a ready to serve vegetable juice as part of a calorie-appropriate Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in an ethnically diverse population of people with Metabolic Syndrome on weight loss and their ability to meet vegetable intake recommendations, and on their clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure). A secondary goal was to examine the impact of the vegetable juice on associated parameters, including leptin, vascular adhesion markers, and markers of the oxidative defense system and of oxidative stress. Methods A prospective 12 week, 3 group (0, 8, or 16 fluid ounces of low sodium vegetable juice) parallel arm randomized controlled trial. Participants were requested to limit their calorie intake to 1600 kcals for women and 1800 kcals for men and were educated on the DASH diet. A total of 81 (22 men & 59 women) participants with Metabolic Syndrome were enrolled into the study. Dietary nutrient and vegetable intake, weight, height, leptin, metabolic syndrome clinical characteristics and related markers of endothelial and cardiovascular health were measured at baseline, 6-, and 12-weeks. Results There were significant group by time interactions when aggregating both groups consuming vegetable juice (8 or 16 fluid ounces daily). Those consuming juice lost more weight, consumed more Vitamin C, potassium, and dietary vegetables than individuals who were in the group that only received diet counseling (p < 0.05). Conclusion The incorporation of vegetable juice into the daily diet can be a simple and effective way to increase the number of daily vegetable servings. Data from this study also suggest the potential of using a low sodium vegetable juice in conjunction with a calorie restricted diet to aid in weight loss in overweight individuals with metabolic syndrome.
  Nutrition Journal. 01/2010;
• Article: The use of a commercial vegetable juice as a practical means to increase vegetable intake: a randomized controlled trial

  Sonia Shenoy, Alexandra Kazaks, Roberta Holt, Hsin Chen, Barbara Winters, Chor Khoo, Walker Poston, C Haddock, Rebecca Reeves, John Foreyt, M Gershwin, Carl Keen
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  ABSTRACT: Abstract Background Recommendations for daily dietary vegetable intake were increased in the 2005 USDA Dietary Guidelines as consumption of a diet rich in vegetables has been associated with lower risk of certain chronic health disorders including cardiovascular disease. However, vegetable consumption in the United States has declined over the past decade; consequently, the gap between dietary recommendations and vegetable intake is widening. The primary aim of this study is to determine if drinking vegetable juice is a practical way to help meet daily dietary recommendations for vegetable intake consistent with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The secondary aim is to assess the effect of a vegetable juice on measures of cardiovascular health. Methods We conducted a 12-week, randomized, controlled, parallel-arm study consisting of 3 groups of free-living, healthy volunteers who participated in study visits at the Ragle Human Nutrition Research Center at the University of California, Davis. All subjects received education on the DASH diet and 0, 8 or 16 fluid ounces of vegetable juice daily. Assessments were completed of daily vegetable servings before and after incorporation of vegetable juice and cardiovascular health parameters including blood pressure. Results Without the juice, vegetable intake in all groups was lower than the 2005 Dietary Guidelines and DASH diet recommendations. The consumption of the vegetable juice helped participants reach recommended intake. In general, parameters associated with cardiovascular health did not change over time. However, in the vegetable juice intervention groups, subjects who were pre-hypertensive at the start of the study showed a significant decrease in blood pressure during the 12-week intervention period. Conclusion Including 1-2 cups of vegetable juice daily was an effective and acceptable way for healthy adults to close the dietary vegetable gap. Increase in daily vegetable intake was associated with a reduction in blood pressure in subjects who were pre-hypertensive at the start of the trial. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01161706
  Nutrition Journal. 01/2010;
• Article: Relation Between Adiposity and Disease Risk Factors in Mexican American Children

  Brian K McFarlin, Craig A Johnston, Chermaine Tyler, Daniel P O'Connor, Kelley A Strohacker, Rebecca Reeves, Andrew S Jackson, John P Foreyt
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  ABSTRACT: Objective: Excess adiposity is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of adiposity and disease risk factors in Mexican American children participating in a weight loss intervention. Subjects and Methods: Boys and girls (N = 170; 13.3 ± 0.1 year) volunteered for additional testing from a larger study that demonstrated significant reduction in standardized body mass index. Insulin, C-reactive protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, glucose, and cholesterol profile were assessed. Results: Linear mixed models regression showed that changes in adiposity (standardized body mass index and triceps skinfold) were significantly related with changes in total cholesterol (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), insulin (P < 0.001), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The relation between measures of adiposity and disease risk factors was stable over time in children participating in an exercise/weight loss intervention. Also, our findings indicate that reducing adiposity results in an improvement of blood disease risk factors in Mexican American children.
  Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 09/2009; 49(4):450-455. · 2.30 Impact Factor
• Article: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial: baseline evaluation of selected nutrients and food group intake.

  Mara Z Vitolins, Andrea M Anderson, Linda Delahanty, Hollie Raynor, Gary D Miller, Connie Mobley, Rebecca Reeves, Monica Yamamoto, Catherine Champagne, Rena R Wing, Elizabeth Mayer-Davis
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  ABSTRACT: Little has been reported regarding food and nutrient intake in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and most reports have been based on findings in select groups or individuals who self-reported having diabetes. To describe the baseline food and nutrient intake of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial participants, compare participant intake to national guidelines, and describe demographic and health characteristics associated with food group consumption. The Look AHEAD trial is evaluating the effects of a lifestyle intervention (calorie control and increased physical activity for weight loss) compared with diabetes support and education on long-term cardiovascular and other health outcomes. Participants are 45 to 75 years old, overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] > or = 25), and have type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional analysis, baseline food consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire from 2,757 participants between September 2000 and December 2003. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize intake by demographic characteristics. Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed univariate effects of characteristics on consumption. Multiple linear regression models assessed factors predictive of intake. Least square estimates were based on final models, and logistic regression determined factors predictive of recommended intake. Ninety-three percent of the participants exceeded the recommended percentage of calories from fat, 85% exceeded the saturated fat recommendation, and 92% consumed too much sodium. Also, fewer than half met the minimum recommended servings of fruit, vegetables, dairy, and grains. These participants with pre-existing diabetes did not meet recommended food and nutrition guidelines. These overweight adults diagnosed with diabetes are exceeding recommended intake of fat, saturated fats, and sodium, which may contribute to increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.
  Journal of the American Dietetic Association 08/2009; 109(8):1367-75. · 3.59 Impact Factor
• Article: Weight loss in overweight Mexican American children: a randomized, controlled trial.

  Craig A Johnston, Chermaine Tyler, Brian K McFarlin, Walker S C Poston, C Keith Haddock, Rebecca Reeves, John P Foreyt
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  ABSTRACT: Childhood overweight has increased significantly in the past 20 years, with the highest rates noted among Mexican Americans. Although this minority group is in significant need of intervention, few programs have demonstrated actual decreases in weight. In this study we evaluated an intensive healthy lifestyle program designed to result in weight reduction for overweight Mexican American children. We hypothesized that children randomly assigned to an intensive intervention would significantly reduce their standardized BMI when compared with children randomly assigned to a self-help condition. A total of 60 children (33 boys; 55%) between the ages of 10 and 14 years at or above the 85th percentile for BMI were randomly assigned to a 6-month intensive-intervention or self-help condition. Children in the intensive-intervention condition significantly reduced their standardized BMI when compared with the children in the self-help condition. The change in standardized BMI was significantly different at both 3 and 6 months, with intensive-intervention participants showing greater decreases in weight. Overall, the results were promising, suggesting that an intensive, individualized intervention may be an effective means for promoting weight loss in overweight Mexican American children.
  PEDIATRICS 01/2008; 120(6):e1450-7. · 4.47 Impact Factor
• Article: Inflammatory markers are elevated in overweight Mexican-American children.

  Brian K McFarlin, Craig A Johnston, Chermaine Tyler, Alexander T Hutchison, Michael L Kueht, Rebecca Reeves, John P Foreyt
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of body weight on blood lipid profile, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican-American children. Children (13.3+/-0.1 year) were recruited from a local school and assigned to one of three groups as a volunteer sample: healthy weight (HW) (> or =10th and <85th BMI percentile; n=42), at risk of overweight (RO) (> or =85th and <95th; n =25) or overweight (OW) (> or =95th; n=42). Plasma concentrations of hsCRP, sCD14, sIL-6R, sTNF-alphaR1, sTNF-alphaR2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. OW children had significantly greater plasma concentrations of hsCRP (P =0.003), sCD14 (P =0.013), sIL-6R (P =0.010), sTNF-alphaR1 (P<0.001), sTNF-alphaR2 (P=0.005), insulin (P=0.001), TC:HDL ratio (P<0.001) and triglycerides (P <0.001) than HW children. Also plasma concentrations of hsCRP, sIL-6R and sTNF-alphaR1 were significantly greater in OW compared with RO children. Overweight Mexican-American children had a higher concentration of inflammatory biomarkers than healthy weight children. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that sCD14 is elevated in overweight compared with healthy weight Mexican-American children.
  International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 02/2007; 2(4):235-41. · 2.99 Impact Factor
• Article: Rise of plasma ghrelin with weight loss is not sustained during weight maintenance.

  Jose M Garcia, Dinakar Iyer, Walker S C Poston, Marco Marcelli, Rebecca Reeves, John Foreyt, Ashok Balasubramanyam
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  ABSTRACT: Ghrelin is postulated to be an orexigenic signal that promotes weight regain after weight loss (WL). However, it is not known whether this putative effect of ghrelin is sustained after weight stabilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of plasma ghrelin concentrations to active WL and weight maintenance in obese subjects. This study was a randomized clinical trial, with a 12-month follow-up period. Obese Mexican-American women matched for age and BMI were randomized to a 12-month WL program (n = 25) or no intervention (controls, n = 23). Interventions included diet, exercise, and orlistat. Body weight and fasting ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 months. The WL group lost 8.5% of body weight after 6 months and maintained the new weight for the next 6 months. Ghrelin concentrations increased significantly at 6 months but returned to baseline at 12 months. Baseline ghrelin concentrations were directly related to the degree of WL achieved after 12 months. Controls experienced no change in BMI or ghrelin levels. There were no associations between plasma ghrelin and leptin or insulin concentrations. Consistent with previous results, ghrelin rises in response to WL, perhaps as a counterregulatory mechanism. However, the present results indicate that ghrelin concentrations return to baseline with sustained weight maintenance, suggesting that its effects are unlikely to regulate long-term energy balance. Baseline ghrelin concentrations are related to the degree of WL that can be achieved by active weight reduction.
  Obesity 11/2006; 14(10):1716-23. · 4.28 Impact Factor
• Article: For the patient. The importance of health behaviors for better heart health. Migration history, health behaviors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight Mexican-American women.

  Bandana M Chakraborty, William H Mueller, Rebecca Reeves, Deanna M Holscher, Beth Quill, Walker S Carlos Poston, Craig L Hanis, John P Foreyt
  Ethnicity & disease 02/2003; 13(1):152. · 0.90 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Walker S C Poston

  Article: Migration history, health behaviors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight Mexican-American women.

  Bandana M Chakraborty, William H Mueller, Rebecca Reeves, Walker S Carlos Poston, Deanna M Holscher, Beth Quill, Craig L Hanis, John P Foreyt
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  ABSTRACT: This research examined whether the migration history of overweight Mexican-American women had an independent effect on cardiovascular risk factors, or whether it was mediated by health behavior changes. Cross-sectional data from 390 overweight, non-diabetic Mexican-American women (aged 18 to 65 years), all recruited from Starr County, Texas, were used for this analysis. Migration history was inferred from birthplaces of subjects and relatives, and length of residence in the United States. Health behaviors included tobacco and alcohol use, sleeping, exercise, and dietary practices. The cardiovascular disease risk factor variables (CDRFVs) studied were plasma glucose, abdominal obesity, blood pressures, and blood lipids. A migration history score (MHS) was developed from factor analysis, almost equally contributed to by the 9 migration history variables. Healthy habits were defined by 6 variables, and 3 factors (blood pressures, lipids/glucose, and body fat/glucose) were used for the CDRFVs. MHS was correlated positively with socioeconomic status, and negatively with family stress. Older women had healthier drinking and sleeping habits. Women with a higher migration history score exhibited poorer exercise habits, and increased blood pressures. After adjusting for the effect of healthy exercise habits on blood pressures, the impact of migration history on blood pressures became non-significant (P>.05), leading to the conclusion that healthy exercise behaviors mediated the negative relationship of MHS with blood pressures. Age was independently positively correlated with all CDRFVs. Age also weakly moderated the negative relationship of MHS and healthy exercise habits.
  Ethnicity & disease 02/2003; 13(1):94-108. · 0.90 Impact Factor