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Hironori Tsujimoto,
Shuichi Hiraki,
Naoko Sakamoto, Yoshihisa Yaguchi,
Takuya Horio,
Isao Kumano,
Takayoshi Akase,
Hidekazu Sugasawa,
Satoshi Aiko,
Satoshi Ono,
Takashi Ichikura,
Hase Kazuo
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ABSTRACT: Perforation of gastric cancer is rare and it accounts for less than 1% of the incidences of an acute abdomen. In this study, we reviewed cases of benign or malignant gastric perforation in terms of the accuracy of diagnosis and investigated the clinical outcome after emergency surgery in patients with a free perforation caused by gastric cancer. On the basis of pathological examination, gastric cancer was diagnosed in 8 patients and benign ulcer perforation in 32 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis by pathological examination were 50, 93.8 and 85%, respectively. Except for age, there were no differences in the other demographic characteristics between patients with gastric cancer and benign ulcer perforation. The median survival time of patients with perforated gastric cancer was 195 days after surgery. Patients with gastric cancer perforation had a poorer overall survival rate than those who had T3 tumors without perforation. In addition, in patients with perforation, recurrence of peritoneum occurred more frequently. In conclusion, to improve the survival rate of patients with perforated gastric cancer and to improve the accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis, endoscopic examination and/or pathological examination of the frozen section should be performed, if possible. A balanced surgical strategy using laparoscopic local repair as the first-step of surgery, followed by radical open gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy may be considered.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine 01/2010; 1(1):199-203.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the early results of sentinel node (SN)-navigated limited surgery for early gastric cancer.
False-negative results of SN biopsy cannot be ignored in gastric cancer surgery. Previous studies suggest that dissection of lymph node stations where SNs belong (SN stations) may minimize the possibility of leaving metastasis behind in SN-navigated surgery.
Patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer <4 cm were informed about the SN-navigated limited surgery from 2003 to 2008. SNs were identified using radioisotope and dye methods. When the SN biopsy by frozen section was negative, limited gastrectomy with dissection of SN stations was performed. Patients with SN stations limited to either the lesser or greater curvature underwent a wedge resection unless it would cause a strong deformity of the stomach. A sleeve gastrectomy was performed in other cases.
Six of the 60 enrolled patients chose a standard gastrectomy. Sixteen patients were excluded after laparotomy due to a T2-T3 tumor or tumor location. Three patients with positive SN biopsy underwent D2 gastrectomy, and 35 with negative SN biopsy underwent limited gastrectomy with dissection of SN stations; wedge resection in 8 and sleeve gastrectomy in 27. There were no operative mortalities or morbidities. All patients undergoing the limited surgery had no lymph node metastasis by postoperative pathology, and survived without any recurrence. The average area of the resected stomach for limited surgery was significantly smaller than that for standard procedures (92 +/- 50 vs. 189 +/- 64 cm, P < 0.001).
SN-navigated limited gastrectomy with dissection of SN stations for T1N0M0 gastric cancer was considered safe and acceptable although long-term follow-up is mandatory.
Annals of surgery 07/2009; 249(6):942-7. · 7.90 Impact Factor
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Hironori Tsujimoto,
Takashi Ichikura,
Shigeaki Nagao,
Tomoki Sato,
Satoshi Ono,
Satoshi Aiko,
Shuichi Hiraki, Yoshihisa Yaguchi,
Naoko Sakamoto,
Takemaru Tanimizu,
Junji Yamamoto,
Kazuo Hase
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ABSTRACT: Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum are rare, and the most effective treatment for duodenal carcinoid tumors remains debatable. Because carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract tend to spread to the submucosal layer even during the early stages of the disease, the possibility of tumor seeding in the vertical margin of the tumor cannot be eliminated by conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). In addition, because the duodenal wall is thinner than the gastric wall, EMR performed for duodenal lesions may be associated with a high risk of accidental perforation. In this article, we introduce a minimally invasive endoscopic full-thickness resection technique after laparoscopic repair for the local resection of duodenal carcinoid tumors.
Under general anesthesia, after the duodenum was mobilized laparoscopically, the duodenal serosa at the site of the lesion was suctioned under laparoscopic observation, and full-thickness resection of the duodenum was performed using a cap-fitted endoscope, i.e., EMR-c, without injecting hypertonic saline-epinephrine. The sample was retrieved endoscopically after resection. After confirming that the full-thickness resection of the duodenal wall with enough surgical margins was achieved and that there was no active bleeding, the wound was sutured by the laparoscopic hand-suturing technique.
We have performed this surgical procedure in two cases of duodenal carcinoid tumor. The mean operation time was 116 +/- 14 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 2.5 +/- 0.5 ml. The postoperative courses were uneventful in both cases.
The technique of endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastrointestinal tract under laparoscopic observation is a safe, simple, and can be radical surgical procedure for a small duodenal carcinoid tumor. This surgical procedure may be applicable in the case of other gastrointestinal tumors.
Surgical Endoscopy 07/2009; 24(2):471-5. · 4.01 Impact Factor
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Annals of Surgical Oncology 06/2009; · 4.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In sentinel node (SN) detection for cases of early gastric cancer, the submucosal dye injection method appears to be more reasonable than the subserosal injection. To compare the two injection methods, we have focused on the rate of concordance between hot nodes (HNs) obtained from the radioisotope (RI) method and green nodes (GNs) obtained from the dye-guided method in addition to the number and distribution of GNs detected, and the sensitivity of metastatic detection.
The subjects of this study were 63 consecutive patients with gastric cancer (sT1-T2, sN0, tumor diameter <== 4 cm) in whom we attempted SN detection using a combination of RI and dye methods. 99mTc-tin colloid was injected a day before the surgery, and indocyanine green was injected either submucosally (n = 43) with endoscopes or subserosally (n = 20) by direct vision.
An average of hot and green nodes (H&G: 4 +/- 3 vs. 4 +/- 3), hot and non-green nodes (H&NG: 2 +/- 3 vs. 1 +/- 2), cold and green nodes (C&G: 2 +/- 2 vs. 3 +/- 4), and the rate of concordance (H&G/H&G + H&NG + C&G: 45 + 27% vs. 48 +/- 30%) were not significantly different between the submucosal and subserosal injection methods. The spread of GNs to tier 2 stations (24% vs. 30%) and metastatic detection sensitivity (86% vs. 100%) were also not different between the submucosal and subserosal injection methods.
The tracer injection sites do not have to be limited to the submucosa.
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 01/2009; 27:79. · 2.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We focused on the impact of postoperative infection on long-term survival after potentially curative resection for gastric cancer. Postoperative surgical and medical complications have been implicated as a negative predictor of long-term outcome in various malignancies. However, there have been no published reports assessing the impact of complications arising from postoperative infection on survival in gastric cancer. We studied a population of 1,332 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer. These patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence (141 patients, 10.6%) or absence (1,191 patients, 89.4%) of postoperative complications due to infection. We investigated the demographic and clinicopathological features of each patient with and without postoperative complications from infection, and thereby the impact of postoperative infection on long-term survival. Patients with postoperative infection had significantly higher frequency of males, upper side tumor location, and total gastrectomy as a surgical procedure, more advanced stage of gastric cancer, and greater age compared with those without postoperative infection. Patients with complications due to postoperative infection had significantly more unfavorable outcome compared with those patients without postoperative infection. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, preoperative comorbidity, blood transfusion, tumor depth, nodal involvement, and postoperative infection correlated with overall survival. We conclude that postoperative complications from infection are a predictor of adverse clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer. However, further immunological study and prospective trials are necessary to confirm the biological significance of these findings.
Annals of Surgical Oncology 12/2008; 16(2):311-8. · 4.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We have reported that lymphatic mapping using indocyanine green (ICG) solution can be a good tool for identifying sentinel nodes (SNs) in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate individualized operations for gastric cancer guided by SN biopsy and to explore the possibility for more limited operative procedures using SN technology.
SNs were identified by using (99m)Tc-labeled tin colloid and ICG solution in patients with clinically T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathologic examination by frozen section revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Less extensive lymphadenectomy preserving vagus and pylorus was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Then, postoperative pathology was analyzed.
Among the 80 enrolled patients, 7 patients with apparent node metastasis or T2-3 neoplasms and 10 patients with positive metastasis in SNs underwent D2 gastrectomy. Sixty-one patients with negative metastasis in SNs underwent a less extensive, function-preserving gastrectomy. The false-negative rate in sentinel node biopsy was 23% (3/13) for frozen section and 7% (1/14) for postoperative pathology. In 3 patients with a false-negative result, metastasis was found in lymph nodes located at the station where the tracers were distributed. Of the 7 patients in whom metastasis was detected in 2 or more SNs by frozen section, postoperative pathology revealed that 3 patients (43%) belonged to the N2 category.
SN biopsy is a useful tool for individualizing the operative procedure for early gastric cancer. Dissecting the lymph node stations only where the tracers are distributed may be a promising procedure for patients with no metastatic SNs.
Surgery 05/2006; 139(4):501-7. · 3.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the absence of enteral nutrient delivery, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass and function are reduced. The purpose of this study was to examine whether exogenous interleukin (IL)-7 treatment reverses intravenous (IV)-total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-induced changes in GALT, immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels, and gut barrier function. Eighty-nine mice were randomized to chow, TPN, or TPN + IL-7 (1 microg/kg, administered IV twice a day) and treated for 5 days. The entire small intestine was harvested and lymphocytes were isolated from Peyer's patches (PPs), intraepithelial (IE) spaces, and the lamina propria (LP). Small intestinal and bronchoalveolar IgA levels were measured. Proximal and distal small intestinal levels of IgA-stimulating (IL-10) and IgA-inhibiting (IFNgamma) cytokines were determined with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay. Moreover, 1 x 10 live Pseudomonas aeruginosa were delivered by gavage and survival was observed. TPN decreased total cell yields from PPs, IE spaces, and the LP compared with the chow group. IL-7 treatment restored cell numbers. PP CD4+, PP CD8+, IE gammadeltaTCR+, and LP CD4+ cell numbers were higher in the TPN + IL-7 group than in the TPN group. Secretory IgA levels were lower in the TPN and TPN + IL-7 than in the chow group. In the distal small intestine, IFNgamma levels were similar in the three groups, whereas IL-10 levels were reduced in the TPN and TPN + IL-7 groups relative to the chow group. Survival times were reduced in the TPN compared with the chow group, but IL-7 treatment significantly improved survival. Thus, exogenous IL-7 does not improve secretory IgA levels, nor are there any remarkable effects on levels of gut IgA-mediating cytokines. However, IL-7 treatment during TPN reverses TPN-induced GALT atrophy and improves survival in a gut-derived sepsis model.
Shock 01/2006; 24(6):541-6. · 2.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The Japanese Gastric Cancer Association's (JGCA's) Gastric cancer treatment guidelines for doctors' reference and the guidelines (GLs) for popular use were both published in 2001. The purpose of this study was to know whether or not it is useful for patients to read the GLs for popular use.
We lent the GLs for popular use to patients with gastric cancer for several days and had them read the GLs before they were informed about their condition and the recommended treatment. Then they received questionnaires concerning the GLs.
Most of the patients, even the elderly, had read and understood the GLs. Nearly 70% of the patients answered that it was very useful for them to read the GLs. On the other hand, 34% of the patients suggested negative aspects, such that reading the GLs increased their anxiety about the disease or treatment. Only 9% of the patients expected treatment that followed the GLs, whereas 54% of the patients expected treatment based on the doctor's own experience without adherence to the GLs. If the doctor were to suggest treatment that did not follow the GLs, 87% of the patients answered that they would follow the doctor's suggestion, and it was only 8% who answered that they would seek a second opinion. These results did not differ when patients were requested to fill out questionnaires anonymously.
Although the GLs for popular use are useful to provide patients with information concerning the disease and the treatment modalities, they may not have a great impact on patients' decisions about their treatment.
Gastric Cancer 02/2004; 7(1):41-5. · 2.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Without enteral nutrition, the mass and function of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), a center of systemic mucosal immunity, are reduced. Therefore, new therapeutic methods, designed to preserve mucosal immunity during parenteral nutrition (PN), are needed. Our recent study revealed that exogenous interleukin-7 (IL-7; 1 microg/kg twice a day) restores the GALT cell mass lost during intravenous (IV) PN but does not improve secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. Herein, we studied the IL-7 dose response to determine the optimal IL-7 dose for recovery of GALT mass and function during IV PN. We hypothesized that a high dose of IL-7 would increase intestinal IgA levels, as well as GALT cell numbers.
Male mice (n = 42) were randomized to chow, IL-7-0, IL-7-0.1, IL-7-0.33, IL-7-1 and IL-7-3.3 groups and underwent jugular vein catheter insertion. The IL-7 groups were fed a standard PN solution and received IV injections of normal saline (IL-7-0), 0.1, 0.33, 1, or 3.3 microg/kg of IL-7 twice a day. The chow group was fed chow ad libitum. After 5 days of treatment, the entire small intestine was harvested and lymphocytes were isolated from Peyer's patches (PPs), intraepithelial (IE) spaces, and the lamina propria (LP). The lymphocytes were counted and phenotypes determined by flow cytometry (alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR, CD4, CD8, B cell). IgA levels of small intestinal washings were also examined using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay).
IL-7 dose-dependently increased total lymphocyte numbers in PPs and the LP. The number of lymphocytes harvested from IE spaces reached a plateau at 1 microg/kg of IL-7. There were no significant differences in any phenotype percentages at any GALT sites among the groups. IgA levels of intestinal washings were significantly higher in the chow group than in any of the IL-7 groups, with similar levels in all IL-7 groups.
Exogenous IL-7 dose-dependently reverses PN-induced GALT cell loss, with no major changes in small intestinal IgA levels. IL-7 treatment during PN appears to have beneficial effects on gut immunity, but other therapeutic methods are needed to restore secretory IgA levels.
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 30(5):388-93; discussion 393-4. · 3.29 Impact Factor
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Yoshihisa Yaguchi,
Kazuhiko Fukatsu,
Tomoyuki Moriya,
Yoshinori Maeshima,
Fumie Ikezawa,
Jiro Omata,
Chikara Ueno,
Koichi Okamoto,
Etsuko Hara,
Takashi Ichikura,
Hoshio Hiraide,
Hidetaka Mochizuki,
Riva E Touger-Decker
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ABSTRACT: Long-term antibiotic administration is sometimes necessary to control bacterial infections during the perioperative period. However, antibiotic administration may alter gut bacterial flora, possibly impairing gut mucosal immunity. We hypothesized that 1 week of subcutaneous (SC) antibiotic injections would affect Peyer's patch (PP) lymphocyte numbers and phenotypes, as well as mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels.
Sixty-one male Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomized to CMZ (cefmetazole 100 mg/kg, administered SC twice a day), IPM (imipenem/cilastatin 50 mg/kg x 2), and control (saline 0.1 mL x 2) groups. After 7 days of treatment, the mice were killed and their small intestines removed. Bacterial numbers in the small intestine were determined using sheep blood agar plates under aerobic conditions (n = 21). PP lymphocytes were isolated to determine cell numbers and phenotypes (CD4, CD8, alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR, B220; n = 40). IgA levels in the small intestinal and bronchoalveolar washings were also measured with ELISA.
Antibiotic administration decreased both bacterial number and the PP cell yield compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in either phenotype percentages or IgA levels at any mucosal sites among the 3 groups.
Long-term antibiotic treatment reduces PP cell numbers while decreasing bacterial numbers in the small intestine. It may be important to recognize changes in gut mucosal immunity during long-term antibiotic administration.
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 30(5):395-8; discussion 399. · 3.29 Impact Factor
