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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To prevent cavernous nerve injury and corpus cavernosum apoptosis-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) after prostatectomy surgery, we investigated whether oral administration of udenafil combination with covering adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immobilized poly-lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) membrane on the injured cavernous nerve could further improve erectile dysfunction. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal group (sham-operated group), bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) group (BCNI group), udenafil group (oral administration of udenafil 20 mg/kg daily), AB group (BCNI group with ADSCs covered with BDNF membrane on cavernous nerve), AB/udenafil group (AB group with udenafil group). After 4 weeks, erectile function was examined before tissue harvest. Penile tissues were evaluated in terms of the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level of the corpus cavernosum was quantified by cGMP assay. RESULTS: AB/udenafil treatment markedly improved erectile function and prevented the architecture damage of the corpus cavernosum, compared with other treated groups. Udenafil had no statistical significance on increasing nNOS expression, but enhanced VEGF expression. On the contrary, the AB group had no statistical significance on enhancing VEGF expression, but increased nNOS expression. AB/udenafil treatment significantly increased nNOS expression, VEGF expression, and elevated cGMP level, compared with the udenafil group and AB group. CONCLUSION: The orally administered udenafil combination with ADSC/BDNF-membrane system protected cavernous nerve and improved angiogenesis in the corpus cavernosum, which further maintained erectile function in a rat model of postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction.
Urology 03/2013; · 2.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the type of nocturia and concomitant voiding dysfunction (VD) and the effect of desmopressin treatment on nocturia in women.
We reviewed 84 women who experienced more than 2 nocturia episodes as recorded on a pretreatment frequency volume chart and who were treated with desmopressin. All patients underwent history taking, physical examination, urinalysis, International Prostate Symptom Score assessment, completion of a urinary sensation scale, and completion of a 3 day frequency volume chart. Nocturia was divided into nocturnal polyuria (NP), reduced nocturnal bladder capacity (RNBC), and mixed type. After treatment with desmopressin, a reduction in nocturia of over 50% compared with baseline was regarded as effective.
Among 84 women, the most common concomitant VD was overactive bladder (OAB, 60.7%). NP was observed in 70.2% (59/84) of the women, RNBC in 7.1% (6/84), and mixed type in 22.6% (19/84). After medication with desmopressin, 73 women (86.9%) showed a significantly reduced number of nocturia episodes (1.4±1.5) compared with baseline (3.7±1.3, p<0.05). Eleven women (13.1%) did not show improvement. Of the 73 women who showed improvement, 41 women showed a reduction of more than 50% over baseline, and these women had a lower baseline urgency grade.
In the majority of women, nocturia coexisted with other VD such as OAB. Treatment with desmopressin effectively reduced the nocturia. However, other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urgency may reduce the effect of desmopressin. Therefore, consideration of concomitant LUTS seems to be necessary to increase the treatment effect of desmopressin on nocturia in women.
Korean journal of urology 02/2013; 54(2):95-9.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the differences in the histopathologic and functional characteristics of 3 rat models of stress urinary incontinence.
A total of 24 female, 10-week-old, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal, electrocauterization, pudendal denervation, and vaginal distension. At 2 weeks after surgery, the leak point pressure was measured to detect urinary leakage. Urethral tissue samples were collected for histological examination.
The smooth muscle content in the electrocauterization group was significantly decreased compared with that in all other groups, indicating that electrocauterization caused the most severe injury. A blood vessel marker, von Willebrand factor, was co-stained with α-smooth muscle actin to detect the blood vessel distribution. No significant differences were seen in von Willebrand factor expression among the 4 groups, other than in the electrocauterization group, in which we could hardly observe blood vessel expression. Protein gene product 9.5 staining was used to detect nerve fibers and cells. Protein gene product 9.5 expression was significantly lower in all the treatment groups compared with that in the normal group (P <.05), in particular, in the electrocauterization and pudendal denervation groups (P <.01). The leak point pressure was significantly lower in the electrocauterization (P <.01), pudendal denervation (P <.01), and vaginal distension (P <.05) groups than in the normal group.
The vaginal distension model should mainly be used as the myogenic damage stress urinary incontinence animal model; the pudendal denervation model mainly as the neurogenic damage stress urinary incontinence animal model; and the electrocauterization model as the vasculogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic damage animal model.
Urology 02/2013; 81(2):465.e1-6. · 2.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of the ethanol on corpus cavernosum of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) rat, since previous studies have reported the positive effect of moderate drinking on type 2 DM and endothelial function. METHODS: Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF, n = 28) and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO, n = 28) male rats were assigned to four groups: control (LETO, n = 14), control/ethanol (LETO with ethanol, n = 14), fatty (OLETF, n = 14) and fatty/ethanol (OLETF with ethanol, n = 14). The control/ethanol and fatty/ethanol groups were fed Lieber-DeCarli Regular EtOH. After 10 weeks, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of the RhoA/Rho kinase in the corpus cavernosum were performed. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the corpus cavernosum was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After a 10-week ethanol intake, the body weight and the IPGTT of the fatty/ethanol group were significantly lower compared with the fatty group (p < 0.05). A significantly increased mRNA and protein expression in the fatty group was observed compared with the control group by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses (p < 0.05): A significantly decreased expression was observed in the fatty/ethanol group compared with the fatty group (p < 0.05). The significantly increased expression of eNOS was observed in the fatty/ethanol group compared with the fatty group by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term ethanol intake may preserve the erectile function in type 2 DM through the down-regulation of the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway.
International Urology and Nephrology 01/2013; · 1.47 Impact Factor
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Woong Jin Bae,
Sun Gook Ahn,
Jun Ho Bang,
Jang Ho Bae,
Yong Sun Choi,
Su Jin Kim,
Hyuk Jin Cho, Sung Hoo Hong,
Ji Youl Lee,
Tae-Kon Hwang,
Sae Woong Kim
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ABSTRACT: To assess the risk factors for developing urinary retention after removal of the urethral catheter on postoperative day 1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who underwent Greenlight HPS laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP).
The study included 427 men who underwent Greenlight HPS laser PVP between 2009 and 2012, excluding patients in whom a catheter was maintained for more than 1 day because of urethral procedures. In all patients, a voiding trial was performed on postoperative day 1; if patients were unable to urinate, the urethral catheter was replaced before hospital discharge. The patients were divided into two groups: early catheter removal (postoperative day 1) and late catheter removal (urethral catheter reinsertion). Preoperative and perioperative parameters were compared between the groups.
Catheters were successfully removed in 378 (88.6%) patients on postoperative day 1. In 49 patients, the catheters were reinserted and removed a mean of 6.45±0.39 days after surgery. In a multivariate analysis, a history of diabetes was the most significant predictor (p=0.028) of failure of early catheter removal, followed by operative time (p=0.039). There were no significant differences in age, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, or urodynamic parameters between the two groups.
It is feasible, safe, and cost-effective to remove the urethral catheter on postoperative day 1 after Greenlight HPS laser PVP, but the procedure should be done carefully in patients who have history of diabetes or an extended operative time.
Korean journal of urology 01/2013; 54(1):31-5.
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ABSTRACT: Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of two-port laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (TPLDN) versus hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN). Patients and Methods: Between November 2010 and March 2012, 100 kidney donors scheduled for left nephrectomy were alternatively assigned to HALDN or TPLDN in a 1:1 fashion. All procedures were performed by the same laparoscopic surgeon. Demographic data and intraoperative and early postoperative data were collected prospectively and analyzed. Results: There was no difference in the operating time (133±12 vs 142±17 minutes, p=0.07), blood loss (55±46 vs 58±52 mL, p=0.84), complication rate (10 vs 12%, p=0.74), and length of hospital stay (3.8±0.8 vs 4.1±2.8 days, p=0.5) between the HALDN and TPLDN groups. The warm ischemia time was longer in the TPLDN group (2.2±0.7 vs 3.5±0.9 minutes, p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the analgesic requirement and the visual analog pain scores. There was a trend toward quicker return to 100% recovery in the TPLDN group (60±46 vs 39±15 days, p=0.05). The TPLDN group had a significantly smaller surgical incision (8.2±0.6 vs 5.5±0.4 cm, p<0.001) and higher scar satisfaction score (7.8±1.5 vs 8.6±1.3, p=0.02) than the HALDN group. No differences were found in the recipient serum creatinine values or in the incidence of delayed graft function. Conclusions: In comparing TPLDN and HALDN, there was no significant difference in a majority of the operative and postoperative parameters. TPLDN might be associated with smaller surgical incision, improved cosmetic satisfaction, and equivalent recipient graft function.
Journal of endourology / Endourological Society 12/2012; · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: AIMS: To determine whether cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (C3G) fraction from mulberry fruit pigment has protective effects against bladder dysfunction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each): normal, diabetes (DM), and DM treated with C3G fraction (DM + C3G). The DM and DM + C3G groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the DM + C3G group was treated with daily oral C3G (10 mg/kg) dissolved in water, for 8 weeks. After 12 weeks of streptozotocin injections, rats in each group underwent cystometrography and bladders were used for evaluation of apoptosis and oxidative stress. RESULTS: The DM group showed a markedly lower maximal intravesical pressure than that observed in the control group, whereas rats in the DM + C3G group showed improved maximum intravesical pressure associated with minimization of apoptosis, and increased levels of Akt and Bad phosphorylation, implying inhibition of pro-apoptotic stimuli. The level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly greater in the DM group compared to the control group and it was significantly reduced in the C3G treated group. Immunoblotting revealed a significant decrease in the levels of the superoxide dismutase protein and nerve growth factor in the DM group compared with the control group; however, these proteins were upregulated in the DM + C3G group compared with the DM group. CONCLUSIONS: The study is the first to suggest that C3G fraction have a potency to protect the bladder under conditions of diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurourology and Urodynamics 11/2012; · 2.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Zinc is one of the trace minerals in the body and is known to have an anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer. We aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of a zinc-citrate compound in bladder cancer.
A bladder cancer cell line (MBT-2) was treated with a zinc-citrate compound at different time intervals and concentrations. Mitochondrial (m)-aconitase activity was determined by use of the aconitase assay. DNA laddering analysis was performed to investigate apoptosis of MBT-2 cells. The molecular mechanism of apoptosis was investigated by Western blot analysis of p53, p21(waf1), Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax and also by caspase-3 activity analysis.
Treatment with the zinc-citrate compound resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell number of MBT-2 cells. M-aconitase activity was significantly decreased. DNA laddering analysis indicated apoptosis of MBT-2 cells. The zinc-citrate compound increased the expression of p21(waf1) and p53 and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins but induced expression of Bax protein. The zinc-citrate compound induced apoptosis of MBT-2 cells by activation of the caspase-3 pathway.
We have shown that a zinc-citrate compound induces apoptotic cell death in a bladder cancer cell line, MBT-2, by caspase-3 activation through up-regulation of apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins.
Korean journal of urology 11/2012; 53(11):800-6.
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Su Jin Kim,
Sae Woong Choi,
Kyung Jae Hur,
Sang Hoon Park,
Young Chul Sung,
Y-Shin Ha,
Hyuk Jin Cho, Sung-Hoo Hong,
Ji Youl Lee,
Tae-Kon Hwang,
Sae Woong Kim
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the combined role of mescenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with recombinant adenoviruses expressing human BDNF (rAd/hBDNF) on the erectile dysfunction in rat with cavernous nerve injury.
Rats divided into 4 groups: control group, bilateral cavernous nerve crushing group (BCNC group), BCNC with MSCs group and BCNC with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF group. After 4-week, functional assessment was done. PKH26 and BDNF staining of major pelvic ganglion and masson's trichrome staining of corpus cavernosum were performed. Western blot analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was done in corpus cavernosum.
After 4 weeks, BCNC with MSCs and MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF groups showed significantly well-preserved erectile function compared with BCNC group. Moreover, the erectile function of MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF group was significantly well-preserved than BCNC with MSCs group. The smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum was significantly preserved in BCNC with MSCs and MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF groups compared with BCNC group. More preservation of smooth muscle was observed in rats with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF than with MSCs alone. Significant increase expression of eNOS and nNOS was noted in rats with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF than with MSCs alone.
The erectile function was more preserved after injection with MSCs infected with rAd/hBDNF in rat with ED caused by cavernous nerve injury. Therefore, the use of MSC infected with rAd/hBDNF may have a better treatment effect on ED cause by cavernous nerve injury.
Korean journal of urology 10/2012; 53(10):726-32.
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of 2-port laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (TPLDN) and to introduce a simple retraction suture technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 2010 to November 2010, 10 consecutive, left TPLDNs were performed. The SILS Port was inserted through the umbilicus and was used for 5-mm laparoscope and laparoscopic instruments. A 12-mm trocar, for another working channel, was inserted along the midclavicular line at the umbilicus level. No articulating or bent laparoscopic instruments were needed. Two retraction sutures were used; a 3-0 Prolene suture was passed through the pericolic fat and then brought out of the abdominal wall and secured to the skin. Another suture was passed around the lower pole fat of the kidney, which was then fixed on the abdominal wall with a clamp. RESULTS: TPLDN was performed successfully in all patients, with no conversions to a conventional laparoscopic procedure or additional trocar insertion needed. The mean operative time was 152 ± 16.3 minutes, and the mean warm ischemia time was 2.9 ± 0.9. The average estimated blood loss was 77.3 ± 70 mL, and the postoperative hospital stay was 3.6 ± 0.6 days. No perioperative or postoperative complications were observed. Cosmesis was excellent, with a mean incision length of 5.6 ± 0.4 cm. All allografts functioned after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Our initial experience suggests that TPLDN appears safe and cosmetically effective and a feasible option for donor nephrectomy. The appropriate use of retraction sutures, during TPLDN, helps to overcome the technical problems associated with the inadequate retraction and exposure.
Urology 09/2012; · 2.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors for late recurrence in Korean patients with stage T1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) more than 5 years after treatment with radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2011, 3567 patients with RCC underwent RN or PN at 5 institutions in Korea. Of these, 423 patients with pathologically confirmed stage T1 clear cell RCC remained free of disease for at least 5 years. To determine the pathologic and clinical factors that influenced late recurrence, univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed. Recurrence-free survival curves were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 83.9 months (range 60.0-156.4 months), late recurrence was observed in 14 of the 423 (3.3%) patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that symptoms at diagnosis and pathologic T stage were independent predictive factors for late recurrence. Patients with symptoms at diagnosis or stage T1b disease had a significantly shorter time to late recurrence than did those who were asymptomatic or had stage T1a disease (log-rank test P = .027 and P = .034, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Late recurrence in stage T1 clear cell RCC is a relatively rare event. Predictive factors for late recurrence were identified in the present study. Careful long-term follow-up is necessary, especially in patients who have symptoms at diagnosis or stage T1b tumors, even if they have been free of disease for more than 5 years.
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer 09/2012; · 2.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare the safety and efficacy of multiple-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with single-tract PCNL for complex renal stones.
A total of 109 consecutive PCNL procedures for unilateral complex renal calculi (staghorn or complex caliceal calculi) were performed at our institution. Thirty patients received multiple-tract PCNL and 79 patients underwent single-tract PCNL. The two groups had comparable demographic data except for a smaller stone burden and fewer complete staghorn calculi in those undergoing single-tract PCNL. Variables of interest included operative time, blood loss, change of serum creatinine, transfusion rates, length of hospital stay, stone clearance, number of ancillary procedures, and complication rates.
The number of tracts used for multiple-tract PCNL was two tracts in 20 patients, three tracts in 9, and four tracts in 1. Significant differences were not observed when the single-tract PCNL results were compared with the multiple-tract PCNL in terms of success rate, operative time, transfusion rate, drop in hemoglobin, hospitalization time, complication rate, and rise in serum creatinine. The need for ancillary procedures was more common in patients undergoing multiple-tract PCNL (53.3% versus 24.1%; p = 0.003). No long-term sequela were noted during the median follow up of 24 months in any patient.
The results of the present study show that multi-tract PCNL for appropriately chosen stones/patients has similar safety and effectiveness as single PCNL in patients with smaller and less complex stones.
The Canadian Journal of Urology 08/2012; 19(4):6360-5. · 0.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (ED) is the major problem for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Recently, gene and stem cell-based therapy of the corpus cavernosum has been attempted for postprostatectomy ED, but those therapies are limited by rapid blood flow and disruption of the normal architecture of the corpus cavernosum. In this study, we attempted to regenerate the damaged cavernous nerve (CN), which is the main cause of ED. We investigated the effectiveness of human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) and nerve growth factor-incorporated hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel (NGF-hydrogel) application on the CN in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury. Four weeks after the operation, erectile function was assessed by detecting the intracavernous pressure (ICP)/arterial pressure level by CN electrostimulation. The ICP was significantly increased by application of hADSC with NGF-hydrogel compared to the other experimental groups. CN and penile tissue were collected for histological examination. PKH-26 labeled hADSC colocalized with beta III tubulin were shown in CN tissue sections. hADSC/NGF-hydrogel treatment prevented smooth muscle atrophy in the corpus cavernosum. In addition, the hADSC/NGF-hydrogel group showed increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression. This study suggests that application of hADSCs with NGF-hydrogel on the CN might be a promising treatment for postprostatectomy ED.
Tissue Engineering Part A 07/2012; · 4.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Abstract The retraction of the liver is essential to obtain a better laparoscopic view in right nephrectomy. A simple technique for liver retraction during laparoscopic right renal surgery using surgical cotton is presented. The advantage of the presented method is that this technique is simple, does not require special equipments, and eliminates the need for any additional ports.
Journal of endourology / Endourological Society 07/2012; · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effect of human muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs) on ameliorating impaired detrusor contractility in a cryoinjured bladder murine model.
The hMDSCs were isolated and cultured by modified preplate technique, and only CD34-positive hMDSCs were extracted by Mini-MACS kits. Isolated hMDSCs were prelabeled with PKH26 and injected into the cryoinjured bladder to observe the pattern and characteristics. The nude mice were subdivided into three groups: normal group (N), cryoinjury bladder group with saline injection (C), and hMDSCs injection group after cryoinjury (M). At 2 weeks after injecting hMDSCs, we compared the contractility of bladder muscle strip stimulated by electrical field stimulation (EFS), acetylcholine (Ach.), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the bladder smooth muscle tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry.
The contractile powers of bladder muscle strip in the C group were more decreased than the N group after EFS, Ach, and ATP treatment (P < .05). The bladder contractility of the M group was more increased than in the C group (P < .05), but was lower than the N group after EFS and Ach treatment. However, there was no significant difference of contractile power between the C and M groups after ATP stimulation. In immunohistochemical staining, the thickness of the bladder smooth muscle layer in the M group was significantly increased compared with the C group, and PKH26-labeled implanted cells were positive for smooth muscle cell differentiation marker (α-SMA) in the injected region.
hMDSCs injection increased cholinergic bladder contractile power but not the purinergic component of bladder contraction after cryoinjury.
Urology 07/2012; 80(1):224.e7-11. · 2.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the efficacy of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with the 120 W Greenlight high performance system (HPS) laser for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP).
This study was conducted on 389 BPH patients who underwent PVP with the 120 W HPS laser from April 2009 to August 2011. The patients were divided into groups according to IPP: group I was defined as IPP of 0 to 5 mm (n=216), group II as IPP of 5 to 10 mm (n=135), and group III as IPP above 10 mm (n=38). Prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual volume (PVR) were assessed and checked at postoperative 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
There was a significant difference in the mean prostate size in each group (p<0.05). The preoperative total IPSS score, IPSS voiding symptom score, and quality of life score were not significantly different. However, the IPSS storage symptom score was significantly different between groups 1 and 2 and group 3. IPSS scores, Qmax, and PVR at postoperative 1, 3, 6, and 12 months showed significant improvement compared with preoperative values.
The degree of IPP can affect storage symptoms. However, there is no significant correlation between the degree of IPP and postoperative results. Also, the degree of IPP does not affect short- and long-term PVP results. Proper elimination of bladder outlet obstruction is important for symptomatic relief.
Korean journal of urology 07/2012; 53(7):472-7.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the antiproliferative effects of zinc-citrate compound on hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
HRPC cell line (DU145) and normal prostate cell line (RWPE-1) were treated with zinc, citrate and zinc-citrate compound at different time intervals and concentrations to investigate the effect of zinc-citrate compound. Mitochondrial (m)-aconitase activity was determined using aconitase assay. DNA laddering analysis was performed to investigate apoptosis of DU145 cells. Molecular mechanism of apoptosis was investigated by Western blot analysis of P53, P21(waf1), Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bax, and also caspase-3 activity analysis.
Treatment with zinc-citrate compound resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell number of DU145 cells in comparison with RWPE-1. M-aconitase activity was significantly decreased. DNA laddering analysis indicated apoptosis of DU145 cells. Zinc-citrate compound increased the expression of P21(waf1) and P53, and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins but induced the expression of Bax protein. Zinc-citrate compound induced apoptosis of DU145 cells by activation of the caspase-3 pathway.
Zinc-citrate compound can induce apoptotic cell death in DU145, by caspase-3 activation through up-regulation of apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins.
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 06/2012; 24(2):124-9. · 0.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Varicocele is the most common cause of primary male infertility and is associated with oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin on a rat model of varicocele. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four experimental groups: a normal control group, a varicocele-induced control group and two varicocele-induced groups treated with either 40 or 80mgkg(-1), p.o., anthocyanin for 4 weeks. Varicocele was induced by the partial obstruction of the left renal vein. After 8 weeks, the testes and epididymides from rats in all groups were removed, weighed and subjected to histological examination and semen analysis. Apoptosis in the testes was determined by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and oxidative stress was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Although no significant differences in sperm counts were observed among the groups, anthocyanin treatment of the varicocele-induced groups resulted in significantly increased testes weight, sperm motility and spermatogenic cell density (P<0.05). Anthocyanin treatment also significantly decreased apoptotic body count and 8-OHdG concentrations (P<0.05). We suggest that the antioxidant effect of anthocyanin prevented the damage caused by varicocele-induced reactive oxygen species.
Reproduction Fertility and Development 06/2012; 24(5):649-55. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introduction. Cavernous nerve injury is the main reason for post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (ED). Stem cell and neuroprotection therapy are promising therapeutic strategy for ED. Aim. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immobilized Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic (PLGA) membrane on the cavernous nerve in a rat model of post-prostatectomy ED. Methods. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group, bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury (BCNI) group, ADSC (BCNI group with ADSCs on cavernous nerve) group, BDNF-membrane (BCNI group with BDNF/PLGA membrane on cavernous nerve) group, and ADSC/BDNF-membrane (BCNI group with ADSCs covered with BDNF/PLGA membrane on cavernous nerve) group. BDNF was controlled-released for a period of 4 weeks in a BDNF/PLGA porous membrane system. Main Outcome Measures. Four weeks after the operation, erectile function was assessed by detecting the ratio of intra-cavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP). Smooth muscle and collagen content were determined by Masson's trichrome staining. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the dorsal penile nerve was detected by immunostaining. Phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level of the corpus cavernosum were quantified by Western blotting and cGMP assay, respectively. Results. In the ADSC/BDNF-membrane group, erectile function was significantly elevated, compared with the BCNI and other treated groups. ADSC/BDNF-membrane treatment significantly increased smooth muscle/collagen ratio, nNOS content, phospho-eNOS protein expression, and cGMP level, compared with the BCNI and other treated groups. Conclusions. ADSCs with BDNF-membrane on the cavernous nerve can improve erectile function in a rat model of post-prostatectomy ED, which may be used as a novel therapy for post-prostatectomy ED. Piao S, Kim IG, Lee JY, Hong SH, Kim SW, Hwang T-K., Heang S, Lee JH, Ra JC, and Lee JY. Therapeutic effect of adipose-derived stem cells and BDNF-immobilized PLGA membrane in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.
Journal of Sexual Medicine 05/2012; · 3.55 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the treatment outcomes and clinical courses for men with lower urinary tract symptoms, after long-term treatment of alpha-blocker and anticholinergic combination in real-life practice.
A total of 210 men, with lower urinary tract symptoms, had combination therapy for 3 months. Patients were reevaluated and were decided on an alpha-blocker single treatment or a combination therapy, according to the patient-reported outcome for 2 years. The patient responses in 2-year treatment were divided into 3 groups, which depended on clinical courses: 56 patients had an alpha-blocker single therapy after 3-month combination therapy (group I); 106 patients had a continuous alpha-blocker therapy with intermittent 3-month anticholinergic therapy (group II); 48 patients with continuous storage symptoms maintained a combination therapy (group III). Endpoints included 2-year changes in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Qmax, and residual volume.
Group III had significantly increased IPSS total and subscores compared to that of the other groups in the baseline characteristics. IPSS total and subscores significantly decreased at 3 months and were maintained for 2 years in all groups. Increase in Qmax was significant in all the groups at 3 months, and its increase was still significant after 2 years. Residual urine volume increased in all the groups at 3 months, but changes at 2 years were not statistically significant.
After 3 months of alpha-blocker and anticholinergic combination treatment, 73.4 % of the patients still needed a combination therapy. Although only one patient developed acute urinary retention, voiding difficulty was common (13.3 %), after a combination treatment in the real-life practice.
International Urology and Nephrology 04/2012; 44(4):1077-84. · 1.47 Impact Factor
