-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to compare the implementation of the Stroop test among women and men and to answer the question of the existence of differences in verbal working memory performance and efficiency of attention between representatives of both sexes.
A sample of 348 persons aged 20-68 years (mean age: M = 42.16 years) participated in the study: 187 women (53.73%) and 161 men (42.26%). Patients who took part in the investigation were divided into several groups: depressive disorders (DD, n = 146), diabetes type 1 (DM1, n = 31), diabetes type 2 (DM2, n = 31), patients with hypertension (HA, n = 30) and healthy controls (HC, n=110). Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Stroop test.
There were no significant differences between men and women in making the first (p = 0.831) and the second part of the Stroop test (p = 0.055). However, it should be noted that the difference between men and 'omen in the speed of the second part of the test is close to significance. Women performed the test faster than men, while men have committed in other parts of the test less errors (p = 0.441).
In the present study there was no statistically significant differences between men and women in the implementation of both parts of the Stroop test. Women performed both part of the Stroop test faster than men do but the latter make fewer mistakes.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 01/2013; 34(199):29-32.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which can lead to numerous complications. One of these disturbances is cognitive function
impairment. A group of 62 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There is a correlation between certain clinical features
among diabetic patients and cognitive functions. Negative influence on cognitive functions have a higher level of total cholesterol,
a higher level of LDL cholesterol, a lower level of HDL cholesterol concentration in the blood, a higher level of glucose
after meals, a higher level of basic insulin dose and insulin dose taken just before the examination, longer duration of the
diabetes and a lot of hypoglycemic episodes. There is no influence on cognitive functions from glucose levels before meals,
the type of the insulin therapy, or the number of hyperglycemic episodes and value rate of hemoglobin HbA1C.
Central European Journal of Medicine 04/2012; 4(4):467-475. · 0.31 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Homosexuality, though more than 20 years no longer exists in the classification of diseases as a deviation, it is still by many people seen as such behavior. The aim of the study was to assess the situation and psychosocial attitudes in the group of homosexual men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved a group of 187 men aged 20-54 years. The study population was characterized by hiding homosexual orientation, lack of a permanent partner for more than half of them and the tendency to avoid safe sex and taking a passive role in intimate contact. In the study a questionnaire prepared by the authors was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents hid his homosexuality from others, and over half of them do not have a permanent partner. Representatives of the study group, in most cases do not prefer safe sex and in intimate contact acted as passive.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 03/2012; 32(189):167-9.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to analyse diagnoses made during psychiatric consultations in somatic wards of the multi-profile hospital, as well as the catamnestic analysis of their causes and determinants. The authors intended to estimate the needs for psychiatric consultations in a multi-profile hospital, to analyse a growth or decrease in demand for psychiatric consultations within two years, the analysis of psychiatric diagnoses made in the course of consultations qualifying a patient for transfer to the psychiatric clinic.
Personal experience from work as a consultant psychiatrist as well as data from the literature were used in the study. The collected research material in the form of psychiatric consultations concerned the case histories of the Archive of the 10 Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic in Bydgoszcz from 2006-2007. A total of 735 consultations in 630 patients were carried out.
The results of the study indicated that in a multi-profile hospital there is a great demand for psychiatric consultations. The most frequent cause of reporting the need for consultation by doctors in somatic wards were depressive disorders. The results obtained also showed that the fact of alcohol intoxication at admission is an important factor which can potentially have an effect on the need for a psychiatric consultation as well as a later decision to transfer the patient to other hospital departments. Additional psychological consultations commissioned in patients moved to psychiatric clinic were carried out in an amount higher than average, and the largest number of them were carried out among those refusing the transfer.
The most often diagnoses made during consultations were: dysphoria and affective disorders secondary to organic changes, adaptive disorders and delirium.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 01/2012; 32(187):28-33.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Aim of the study: The main aim of the study reported
was to assess the intensity of emotional deficits in
alexithymia as a syndrome in comparison with selected
aspects of cognitive functioning in patients treated for
depression.
Material and methods: Subjects were 38 patients (19 wo -
men and 19 men) aged 18-65 years of age (M = 48.56
years, SD = 12.39) who were treated for psychiatric disorders:
first episode of depression and recurrent depressive
disorders. During psychological assessment of emotional
and cognitive functioning of patients with depression, the
study used the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire
(BVAQ), Trial Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Test.
Results: Patients with mood disorders are characterized
by elevated levels of alexithymia and weakness of concentration,
memory and executive functions. The correlation
of the analyzed variables showed a significant
association between overall levels of alexithymia and one
of its dimensions (poverty of imagination and dreams
upon waking) and the level of memory functioning
measured by the Trial Making Test. Other factors to
measure deficits in identifying emotions did not show a
statistically significant effect of selected aspects of cognitive
function.
Conclusions: Among patients with depressive disorders,
difficulty in identifying their own emotions, including
poverty of imagination, are associated with weakness
of memory. The obtained results need further
analysis, in which inclusion of a control group consisting
of healthy individuals should be considered.
Key words: alexithymia, working memory, depressive
disorder.
Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia 01/2012; 7(4):190–196.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the literature devoted to the phenomenon of self-harm among engaged imprisonment, meets the different views the causes of such behavior and the risk of their occurrence. Views prevail, according to which aggression is considered common phenomenon among people in prisons. Social isolation and lack of close intimate relationships may foster this type of behavior. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of self-aggressive behavior among prisoners.
We analyzed 133 cases of self-harm and 151 cases of suicide made a fatal persons deprived of their liberty.
Among those detained in prisons showing self-aggressive behavior are high rates of mental dysfunction.
In carrying out self-aggressive states embedded high rates of mental dysfunction, mainly disorders Personality and alcohol dependence and/or psychoactive substances. Among those who made a successful suicide bombing found a high rate of personality disorders and disorders depressive. Causes and determinants of self-harm and suicides by persons residing in institutions prisons are in many respects similar. Those embedded in prisons having mental disorders pose a high risk of autoimmunity, and therefore require special supervision and care of individual psycho-psychological one.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 12/2011; 31(186):357-9.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The problem of addiction to psychoactive substances (SPA) is an important aspect of modem psychiatric treatment. This is due to the increasing number of addicts, and reducing their increasing age. It is estimated that in the United States in 2006, people aged over 12 years of meeting criteria for dependence on SPA was 20-25 million. Other statistics report that in the same age group over the last year contact with these substances were 8-10 percent of the U.S. population. Therefore, it becomes an important issue the appropriate therapeutic treatment of addicts. The result of the search of drugs that help people to alcoholism treatment program, were studies involving trazodone. Counted among the SARI (serotonin reuptake inhibitor and antagonist), shows antagonism to serotonergic receptors (5-HT2 receptors), while an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake. Its performance was analyzed in individuals dependent on alcohol, benzodiazepines and opiates, as well as mixed addictions. Also raised the problem of influence of trazodone on the experience of pain, which maybe helpful in relieving withdrawal symptoms. The data show a positive effect of trazodone in individuals addicted to the SPA, although the mechanism by which trazodone works in the body is very complex and not yet fully understood. Its advantage is the relatively small panel of side effects. Although many of the analyzed studies were not placebo-controlled, the results are so promising that you can recommend on the basis of trazodone therapy in individuals addicted to the SPA.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 12/2011; 31(186):384-7.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Sexual dysfunction in patients diagnosed with depressive disorders affect all phases of sexual response: a decline in libido, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorders in men and orgasm and menstruation in women. It is estimated that are present in approximately 70% of patients, affecting 23-50% of men suffering from depression and 33-90% of women. The most common symptoms include disorders of sexual arousal in women (usually in the form of excessive vaginal dryness), erectile dysfunction in men and affects both sexes abnormal orgasm (anorgasmia or delayed). Sexual dysfunction is treated as a potential side effect of antidepressant therapy. These drugs can exacerbate the symptoms of primary sexual dysfunction, and induce it in those patients who were not present before treatment. Symptoms of sexual dysfunction reduces quality of life, self-esteem, mood, and negatively affect the relationship with your partner. Most currently used antidepressants in the world leads to the occurrence of sexual dysfunction. These include monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors and norepinephrine, and a new generation of antidepressants. SSRIs are considered to be preparations for the largest iatrogenic effect. Sexual dysfunction resulting from treatment with antidepressant among the most serious reasons for discontinuation by the patients.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 09/2011; 31(183):193-6.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was an evaluation of memory process course efficacy in healthy subjects (n = 37), patients with schizophrenia (n = 44), patients with depressive disorders (n = 58) and patients with organic mood disorder (n = 33).
A sample of 172 persons aged 18-55 years participated in the study. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the auditory-verbal learning test by Łuria (AVLT).
The best results in the first trail (M = 5,84, SD = 1,38) and after 30 minutes (M = 8,92, SD = 1,23), were obtained by healthy subjects, while the lowest scores were noted for the subjects with organic mood disorder (M = 4,67, SD = 1,24 and M = 5,85, SD = 2,56). Patients suffering from depressive disorders: M = 5,01 (SD = 1,39) and M = 6,68, (SD = 2,21). Patients suffering from schizophrenia: M = 4,84 (SD = 1,52) and M = 6,18 (SD = 2,16). Relevant statistical differences among healthy subjects and mentally ill patients and lack of any relevant differences among mentally ill patients were observed. Sten norms of AVTL were developed for general population.
Healthy subject achieved higher results in AVLT than patients suffering from schizophrenia, depressive disorders and organic mood disorders. Any relevant differences among mentally ill patients were observed. Sten norms of AVTL were developed for general population.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 07/2011; 31(181):41-4.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Polymorphisms (rs 4753426 and rs 794837) and expression of the melatonin MT(2) receptor gene were evaluated in 181 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and 149 healthy subjects of Polish origin. We found an increased risk for rDD in patients with the C allele and a decreased risk in patients with the T allele (rs4753426). Patients with the AT heterozygote (rs794837) had an increased mRNA level. The significance of the MT(2) receptor gene and the risk of rDD are suggested.
Psychiatry Research 02/2011; 189(3):472-4. · 2.52 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It is estimated, that symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affect 2 to 4% of the middle-aged population and their prevalence increases with age (over 50% people aged 65 and older suffer from OSAS). Among risk factors of OSAS we can distinguish: the male sex, race, overweight and obesity, thyroid hypofunction, age and alcohol abuse. Obstructive sleep apnea results in the absence (apnea) or reduction (hypopnea) of airflow lasting at least 10 s despite normal respiratory exertion. The apnea and hypopnea result in decreased oxygen saturation levels in the blood (hypoxemia). A number of consequences of OSAS can appear including: disruption of the sleep cycle, fragmentation of the sleep cycle, sleepiness, fatigue, headaches, cognitive impairments, irritability and mood disturbance, the higher risk of accidents at work and car accidents, the decrease of the quality of life and the higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Besides various psychiatric and psychological complications presented in this review can occur in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Pneumonologia i alergologia polska: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Ftyzjopneumonologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego, i Instytutu Gruzlicy i Chorob Pluc 01/2011; 79(1):26-31.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Untreated congenital hypopituitarism in adult patient is - nowadays - a very rare observation.
A 52 years old female patient, was referred to the Department of Psychiatry for psychotic symptoms, manifested as auditory pseudohallucinations with delusional interpretation, significant psychomotor agitation, anosognosia, attempts of symptom dissimulation and negativism. At admission, attention was drawn to her short stature and low body weight. Because of general weakness, she was hardly moving, her skin was pale, dry, cold, little elastic and desquamating. Neither axillary nor pubic hair could be traced. Basic studies revealed anaemia, significant hyponatraemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Hormonal tests confirmed diagnosis of hypopituitarism. Genetics studies revealed mutations (150delA and 296_297delAG) in PROP1 gene. Combined somatic and neuroleptic treatment considerably improved the physical and psychic status of the patient, as well as strengthened her social functioning.
An exogenous, psychotic episode identified in the patient was induced by multihormonal hypopituitarism and disappeared after hormonal replacement therapy.
Neuro endocrinology letters 01/2011; 32(6):741-7. · 1.30 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Evidence indicates that depressive disorder is a heterogenic disease, and oxidative stress, inflammation and impairment of neurogenesis play a role in its aetiology. Moreover, there are data suggesting that genetic factors affect the development of depression. Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological molecule with both a beneficial and a detrimental role in brain. One of the three enzymes generating NO is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Recent studies have shown that depressed patients are characterised by excessive NO production. In addition, iNOS inhibitors are effective in depression treatment. This study investigated the importance of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), -1026C/A, located in the promoter region of the human NOS2A gene, for the risk of recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) vulnerability. The study was carried out in a group of 181 patients with RDD and 149 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The genotype distribution of the -1026C/A polymorphism between depressed patients and healthy controls was significantly different. Individuals who were homozygous for the CC genotype exhibited an increased risk of developing RDD. In conclusion we cautiously conclude that polymorphism in the NOS2A gene promoter may play a role in the background of RDD.
Neuroscience Letters 12/2010; 486(3):184-7. · 2.11 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Bobińska K, Śmigielski J, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J. Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene (G-463A) in depressive patients.Objective: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme involved in the production of hypochloric acid as well as other reactive oxygen species. This enzyme plays a significant role in inflammatory processes. In view of the observed associations between depression and such inflammatory processes, as well as of the reports that confirm the presence of oxidative stress in depression, this study was designed to assess the correlation, if any, between the single nucleotide polymorphism G-463A of the MPO gene and the risk of recurrent depressive disorders (DD).Methods: The study was carried out in a group of 149 patients with recurrent DD and 149 healthy control subjects. Genotyping was performed by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results: A comparison between healthy controls and depressive patients showed a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency in the studied groups. Genotype distribution and allele frequency did not correlate with clinical variables of the patients.Conclusion: The obtained results of the study allow us to draw a cautious conclusion about the role of the analysed G-463A MPO polymorphism in recurrent DD development, which, however, requires eventual confirmation in further studies.
Acta Neuropsychiatrica 09/2010; 22(5):218 - 222. · 0.58 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Major depression is characterised by increased nitric oxide (NO) levels. Inhibition of the NO synthesizing enzymes, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), results in antidepressant-like effects, whereas the expression of iNOS and nNOS is increased in depression. Recent studies have indicated that NOS participates in the mechanisms of antidepressants. The aim of this study was to examine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) present in the genes encoding iNOS and nNOS can contribute to the risk of developing recurrent depressive disorder (rDD).
The study was carried out in a group of 181 depressive patients and 149 control subjects of Polish origin. SNPs were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses.
The genotype distributions of the polymorphisms in exon 22 of the NOS2A gene and in exon 29 of the nNOS gene were significantly different between rDD patients and controls. The results showed that the G/A SNP of the gene encoding iNOS was associated with an increased susceptibility to rDD, whereas A/A homozygous carriers had a decreased risk of developing rDD. There was also a significant association between the C/T SNP of the gene encoding nNOS; the presence of the CC homozygous genotype decreased the risk of rDD, whereas the T allele and T/T homozygous genotype increased the vulnerability to rDD.
Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the iNOS and nNOS genes confer an increased susceptibility or resistance to rDD. Future research should examine genetic variants and their associations to the expression of NOSs and NO level in depressive patients.
Journal of affective disorders 09/2010; 129(1-3):175-82. · 3.76 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of depressive disorder (DD). Functional genetic polymorphisms of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are candidates for DD susceptibility. The study examined the relationship between MnSOD gene polymorphisms (Ala-9Val, Ile-58Thr) and DD in the Polish population. The association study was conducted in a case-control design in DD patients (n=149) and healthy controls (CG; n=149) by genotyping. Assessment of Ala-9Val genotype distribution and disease odds ratio demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the compared groups only in the female subgroup. The obtained results suggest a role of the MnSOD polymorphism in the development and course of depression.
Psychiatry Research 08/2010; 179(1):43-6. · 2.52 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The number of abusers in Poland is estimated at about 2.8-3.5 million, including about 600-900 thousands dependent. In this group a variety of somatic disorders and mental health are diagnosed. Mortality among persons with alcohol dependence is several times higher than among those abstainers. Alcohol dependence increases the risk to attempt suicide. Health damage caused by alcohol depends on: the frequency and quantity of drinking of alcohol, age, gender, duration of addiction. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to analyze the causes of death in the aftermath of alcohol consumption based on sectional material.
We analyzed 336 autopsy protocols. In order to analyze the collected material was used a questionnaire created for this study. Deaths have been divided into two groups: violent deaths, resulting from trauma and natural deaths.
It was observed significant relationship between alcohol consumption and the nature of death.
Most of the deaths associated with alcohol consumption is a sudden deaths, not due to natural causes. Among the sudden deaths domination of ethyl alcohol poisoning, traffic accidents, murder, hanging and drowning.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 08/2010; 29(170):100-2.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the recent decades research on child abuse has grown impressively. Four types of child abuse: physical, psychological (emotional), sexual, and neglect have been clinically observed and defined. In 1972, John Caffey, a pediatric radiologist, published an article on the theory and practice of the abusive shaking of infants. This was followed, in 1974, with a second article on the whiplash shaken baby syndrome (SBS). Shaken baby syndrome, is caused by the violent shaking of a child with or without contact between the child's head and a hard surface. Such contact may result in head trauma, including subdural hematoma, diffuse axonal injury and retinal hemorrhage. The annual estimated rate of inflicted traumatic brain injury is 30 cases per 100,000 children aged 1 year of younger. Shaken baby syndrome often occurs after shaking in response to crying bouts. In 2001, an estimated 903,000 children were victims of SBS. Additionally, 1300 children were fatally injured from SBS the same year. The ability to detect SBS is difficult secondary to under reporting and misdiagnosis. There is no established set of symptoms that indicate SBS.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 07/2010; 29(169):70-3.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Sexual dysfunctions may be main cause of social disability. The knowledge of the rates of occurrence of sexual dysfunctions in the general population and the primary risk factors for these conditions is very important to assist in assessing the risk and planning treatment. Sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent in our society worldwide, and that the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions increases directly with age for both men and women. Specific medical conditions and health behaviors represent major risk factors for sexual disorders. Trazodone is sedative antidepressant drug, which is effective, safe, fast acting, with a few side effects, with proved efficiency in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 07/2010; 29(169):66-9.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Suicide is a major social problem. Annually as a result of suicide, almost one million people are killed and many more unsuccessful attempt to take his own life. Knowledge of risk factors is one of the first steps of prevention of this phenomenon.
To know the personality determinants of gender found in people after a suicide attempt.
The study included 37 people after a suicide attempt, psychiatric hospital and a control group (healthy people) well-matched for age and education. Questionnaire method used to study selected personality variables.
Psychological gender--masculinity dimension to significantly differentiate a person from the study group and controls. People after a suicide attempt is characterized by a higher level of anxiety (as a state and as a feature). In less able to cope effectively with stress.
Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 07/2010; 29(169):33-6.
