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Miyoung Yang,
Juhwan Kim,
Taehyub Kim,
Sung-Ho Kim,
Jong-Choon Kim, Jeongtae Kim,
Chitoshi Takayama,
Akinobu Hayashi,
Hong-Gu Joo,
Taekyun Shin,
Changjong Moon
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ABSTRACT: Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin neurotoxicant with effects that are selectively localized to the limbic system (especially the hippocampus), which produces memory deficits and temporal lobe seizures. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that is important in cell proliferation and regulation of apoptosis. The present study evaluated the temporal expression of Gal-3 in the hippocampus of adult BALB/c mice after TMT treatment (i.p., 2.5mg/kg). Western blotting analyses showed that Gal-3 immunoreactivity began to increase 2days after treatment; the immunoreactivity peaked significantly within 4days after treatment but significantly declined between days 4 and 8. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that Gal-3 expression was very rare in the hippocampi of vehicle-treated controls. However, Gal-3 immunoreactivity appeared between 2 and 8days after TMT treatment and was primarily localized to the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), in which neuronal degeneration occurred. The immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in most of the Iba1-positive microglia and in some GFAP-positive astrocytes of the hippocampal DG. Furthermore, Gal-3 expression co-localized with the pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal DG. Therefore, we suggest that Gal-3 is involved in the inflammatory process of neurodegenerative disorder induced by organotin intoxication.
Neurochemistry International 10/2012; · 2.86 Impact Factor
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Kyoung Ah Kang,
Rui Zhang,
Sungwook Chae,
Su Jae Lee,
Jihoon Kim, Jeongtae Kim,
Jinwoo Jeong,
Juyeon Lee,
Taekyun Shin,
Nam Ho Lee,
Jin Won Hyun
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ABSTRACT: Exposure of cells to gamma-rays induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a main role in ionizing radiation damage. We have investigated the radioprotective effect of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), phlorotannin compound isolated from Ecklonia cava, against gamma-ray radiation-induced oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. Phloroglucinol significantly decreased the level of radiation-induced intracellular ROS and damage to cellular components such as the lipid, DNA and protein. Phloroglucinol enhanced cell viability that decreased after exposure to gamma-rays and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis via inhibition of mitochondria mediated caspases pathway. Phloroglucinol reduced radiation-induced loss of the mitochondrial membrane action potential, reduced the levels of the active forms of caspase 9 and 3 and elevated the expression of bcl-2. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of phloroglucinol was exerted via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (MKK4/SEK1), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) cascades induced by radiation exposure. Phloroglucinol restored the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein expression of a catalytically active subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. In in vivo study, phloroglucinol administration in mice provided substantial protection against death and oxidative damage following whole-body irradiation. We examined survival with exposure to various radiation doses using the intestinal crypt assay and determined a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.24. Based on our findings, phloroglucinol may be possibly useful as a radioprotective compound.
Chemico-biological interactions 02/2010; 185(3):215-26. · 2.46 Impact Factor
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Changjong Moon,
Kyuyoung Ahn,
Jihoon Kim, Jeongtae Kim,
Sung-Ho Kim,
Tae Heon Oh,
Nam Ho Lee,
Youngheun Jee,
Jin Won Hyun,
Jae Woo Park,
Taekyun Shin
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ABSTRACT: On Jeju Island, South Korea, the leaves of Eurya emarginata have been traditionally used to treat ulcers or as a diuretic. Eutigoside C isolated from the leaves has been reported to have in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated the radioprotective effects of eutigoside C on jejunal cell apoptosis and crypt survival in mice subjected to gamma irradiation. In addition, the ability of eutigoside C to protect against radiation-induced oxidative stress was examined by evaluating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in radiation-induced hepatic injury. Eutigoside C was administered intraperitoneally at 48, 12, and 1 h before irradiation. The administration of eutigoside C (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight) before irradiation protected the intestinal crypts from radiation-induced apoptosis (p < 0.05), and attenuated radiation-induced decrease of villous height (p < 0.05). Pretreating mice prior to irradiation with eutigoside C (100 mg/kg) significantly improved the survival of the jejunal crypt (p < 0.01). The dose reduction factor was 1.09 at 3.5 days after irradiation. Treatment of eutigoside C prior to irradiation significantly protected SOD and CAT activities in radiation-induced hepatic injury (p < 0.05). These results suggest that eutigoside C is a useful radioprotector capable of defending intestinal progenitor cells against indirect depletion, such as oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by gamma irradiation.
Phytotherapy Research 12/2009; 24(6):840-5. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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Jeongtae Kim,
Changjong Moon,
Heechul Kim,
Jinwoo Jeong,
Juyeon Lee,
Jihoon Kim,
Jin Won Hyun,
Jae Woo Park,
Mi Yeon Moon,
Nam Ho Lee,
Sung Ho Kim,
Youngheun Jee,
Taekyun Shin
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ABSTRACT: The radioprotective activity of extracts from the red seaweed Callophyllis (C.) japonica was investigated in mice that underwent whole-body exposure to gamma radiation. A methanol extract of C. japonica and its fractions [hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol and the remaining H2O] were used. Each fraction (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2 times into the BALB/c mice, once at 1 and once at 24 h before exposure to 9 Gray (Gy) of gamma radiation. Pre-irradiation administration of the hexane and EtOAc fractions saved the mice, with their survival rates being greater than 80% at 30 days post-irradiation; the mice that were pretreated with the other fractions showed survival rates lower than 20% over the same time period. To examine the effect of each C. japonica fraction on the survival of intestinal and bone marrow stem cells, the number of intestinal crypts and bone marrow cells in the gamma-irradiated mice were examined. Pre-treatment of mice (i.p., 100 mg/kg body weight at 1 and 24 h before irradiation) with the hexane or EtOAc fraction prior to 6-Gy irradiation significantly protected the number of jejunal crypts and bone marrow cells at 9 days after irradiation. These findings suggest that certain extracts from C. japonica, when they are administered prior to irradiation, play an important role in the survival of irradiated mice, and this is possibly due to the extracts protecting the hematopoietic cells and intestinal stem cells against gamma irradiation.
Journal of Veterinary Science 10/2008; 9(3):281-4. · 1.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effects of fucoidan on the survival rate of mice treated with total body irradiation were examined. BALB/c mice were pretreated with various doses of fucoidan prior to total-body irradiation and were monitored for 30 days. A significant improvement of survival was observed by pretreatment with fucoidan at 100 mg/kg body weight. Using this optimal dosage, survival was examined by radiation dose reduction analysis and a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.20 was determined at 30 days post-irradiation. Mice pretreated with fucoidan also exhibited dose-dependent increases in the number of bone marrow cells and endogenous spleen cell colonies at day 9 post-irradiation. It is concluded that the increased survival of whole-body irradiated mice pretreated with fucoidan may be attributable to the radioprotective effects of fucoidan on hematopoietic cell viability, proliferation and/or mobility, possibly through antioxidation or antiinflammatory mechanisms.
Phytotherapy Research 09/2008; 22(12):1677-81. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Phosphorylation of caveolin-1 occurs during cell activation by various stimuli. In this study, the involvement of caveolin-1 in an irradiation injured spinal cord was examined by analyzing the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 in the spinal cord of rats after irradiation with a single dose of 15 Gray from a (60)Co gamma-ray source at 24 h post-irradiation (PI). A Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylated form of caveolin-1 (p-caveolin-1) was expressed constitutively in the normal spinal cords and was significantly higher in the spinal cord of irradiated rats at 24 h PI. The increased expression of ED1, which is a marker of activated microglia/macrophages, was matched with that of p-caveolin-1. In the irradiated spinal cords, there was a higher level of p-caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in the isolectin B4-positive microglial, ependymal, and vascular endothelial cells, in which p-caveolin-1 was weakly and constitutively expressed in the normal control spinal cords. These results suggest that total body irradiation induces activation of microglial cells in the spinal cord through the phosphorylation of caveolin-1.
Journal of Veterinary Science 01/2008; 8(4):323-7. · 1.16 Impact Factor
