Publications (30)66.52 Total impact
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Article: Trace analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
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ABSTRACT: A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 30 sulfonylurea herbicides in tap and leaching waters has been developed. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS(2)) in electrospray ionization positive mode was used for the separation, identification and quantification of these compounds. The procedure involves a preconcentration step based on solid-phase extraction with a silica-based bonded C(18) cartridge (Sep-Pak Plus) and a N-vinyl-pyrrolidone polymer cartridge (Oasis HLB). The best results were obtained with Oasis HLB using methanol as elution solvent. Average recoveries of 30 analytes from water samples were in the range of 79-115% with a relative standard deviation of <6.1%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) obtained in tap and leaching water samples were in the range of 0.1-5.9 and 0.4-5.8ngL(-1), respectively. The proposed method was used to determine sulfonylurea herbicide levels in leaching water samples taken from three lysimeters located in an experimental greenhouse.Talanta 11/2012; 101:273-82. · 3.79 Impact Factor -
Article: High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying phenylurea herbicides and their main metabolites in amended and unamended soils.
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ABSTRACT: A sensitive multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of sixteen phenylurea herbicides and their main metabolites in amended soils has been developed. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS²) in electrospray ionization positive mode was used for the separation, identification and quantification of these compounds. The procedure involves initial single phase extraction of soil sample with acetonitrile by sonication, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning formed by addition of NaCl. The average recovery by the LC-MS² method obtained for these compounds varied from 76.2 to 107.9% with a relative standard deviation ranging from 2.1 to 5.8%. The method presents good linearity (R²>0.99) over the range assayed 10-1000 μg L⁻¹ (except N-phenylurea 50-1000 μg L⁻¹). The detection limits for the compounds studied varied from 0.1 to 9.0 ng g⁻¹.Journal of chromatography. A 08/2012; 1257:81-8. · 4.19 Impact Factor -
Article: Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Vegetables and Citrus Fruits by LC–MS–MS
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ABSTRACT: In this work, an analytical multiresidue method using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) with triple quadrupole in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode for the simultaneous determination of 54 pesticides in vegetables (pepper and tomato) and citrus fruits (orange and lemon) has been developed. The procedure involves initial single phase extraction of sample with acetonitrile by agitation, followed by liquid–liquid partition aided by “salting out” process using NaCl. The average recovery by the LC–MS–MS method obtained for these compounds varied from 65.5 to 114.5% with a relative standard deviation between 2.3 and 8.3%. The method presents good linearity over the range assayed 10–500μgL−1 (except famoxadone 50–1,000μgL−1) and the detection limits for the pesticides studied varied from 0.03 to 14.9μgkg−1. The proposed method was used to determine pesticide levels in vegetables and citrus fruit samples from different experimental orchards and greenhouses from the Region of Murcia. KeywordsLiquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-Multiresidue pesticide analysis-Vegetables and fruitsChromatographia 04/2012; 72(9):857-866. · 1.20 Impact Factor -
Article: Photocatalytic degradation of five sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous semiconductor suspensions under natural sunlight.
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, the photocatalytic degradation of five sulfonylurea herbicides (chlorsulfuron, flazasulfuron, nicosulfuron, sulfosulfuron and triasulfuron) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of zinc oxide (ZnO), tungsten (VI) oxide (WO(3)), tin (IV) oxide (SnO(2)) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) at pilot plant scale under natural sunlight. Photocatalytic experiments, especially those involving ZnO photocatalysis, showed that the addition of semiconductors in tandem with the oxidant (Na(2)S(2)O(8)) strongly enhances the degradation rate of the herbicides in comparisons carried out with photolytic tests. The degradation of the herbicides follows a first order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. In our conditions, the amount of time required for 50% of the initial pesticide concentration to dissipate (t(½)) ranged from 8 to 27 min (t(30W)=0.3-1.2 min) for sulfosulfuron and chlorsulfuron, respectively in the ZnO/Na(2)S(2)O(8) system. None of the studied herbicides was found after 120 min of illumination (except chlorsulfuron, 0.2 μg L(-1)).Chemosphere 02/2012; 87(8):954-61. · 3.21 Impact Factor -
Article: Berry flesh and skin ripening features in Vitis vinifera as assessed by transcriptional profiling.
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ABSTRACT: Ripening of fleshy fruit is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of tissues with separate functions. During grapevine berry ripening important processes contributing to table and wine grape quality take place, some of them flesh- or skin-specific. In this study, transcriptional profiles throughout flesh and skin ripening were followed during two different seasons in a table grape cultivar 'Muscat Hamburg' to determine tissue-specific as well as common developmental programs. Using an updated GrapeGen Affymetrix GeneChip® annotation based on grapevine 12×v1 gene predictions, 2188 differentially accumulated transcripts between flesh and skin and 2839 transcripts differentially accumulated throughout ripening in the same manner in both tissues were identified. Transcriptional profiles were dominated by changes at the beginning of veraison which affect both pericarp tissues, although frequently delayed or with lower intensity in the skin than in the flesh. Functional enrichment analysis identified the decay on biosynthetic processes, photosynthesis and transport as a major part of the program delayed in the skin. In addition, a higher number of functional categories, including several related to macromolecule transport and phenylpropanoid and lipid biosynthesis, were over-represented in transcripts accumulated to higher levels in the skin. Functional enrichment also indicated auxin, gibberellins and bHLH transcription factors to take part in the regulation of pre-veraison processes in the pericarp, whereas WRKY and C2H2 family transcription factors seems to more specifically participate in the regulation of skin and flesh ripening, respectively. A transcriptomic analysis indicates that a large part of the ripening program is shared by both pericarp tissues despite some components are delayed in the skin. In addition, important tissue differences are present from early stages prior to the ripening onset including tissue-specific regulators. Altogether, these findings provide key elements to understand berry ripening and its differential regulation in flesh and skin.PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(6):e39547. · 4.09 Impact Factor -
Article: Reduction of the movement and persistence of pesticides in soil through common agronomic practices.
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ABSTRACT: Laboratory and field studies were conducted in order to determine the leaching potential of eight pesticides commonly used during pepper cultivation by use of disturbed soil columns and field lysimeters, respectively. Two soils with different organic matter content (soils A and B) were used. Additionally, soil B was amended with compost (sheep manure). The tested compounds were cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos-methyl, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, endosulfan, malathion and tolclofos-methyl. In soil B (lower organic matter content), only endosulfan sulphate, malathion and tolclofos-methyl were found in leachates. For the soil A (higher organic matter content) and amended soil B, pesticide residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, this paper reports on the use of common agronomic practices (solarization and biosolarization) to enhance degradation of these pesticides from polluted soil A. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced the degradation rates of endosulfan, bifenthrin and tolclofos-methyl compared with the control. Most of the studied pesticides showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. However, chlorpyrifos was degraded to a greater extent in the solarization than in biosolarization treatment. The results obtained point to the interest in the use of organic amendment in reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage and in the use of solarization and biosolarization in reducing the persistence of pesticides in soil.Chemosphere 08/2011; 85(8):1375-82. · 3.21 Impact Factor -
Article: Determination of 48 pesticides and their main metabolites in water samples by employing sonication and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
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ABSTRACT: In this work, a rapid and sensitive analytical multiresidue method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 48 pesticides and 19 metabolites in waters (tap, leaching and sewage), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with triple quadrupole in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The procedure involves initial single phase extraction of samples with acetonitrile by sonication, followed by liquid-liquid partition aided by "salting out" process using NaCl. Matrix influence on recoveries was evaluated for the three waters. More than 50% of the compound presented very low signal suppression. The method presents good linearity over the range assayed 10-500 μg L(-1) and the most frequent detection limits was 0.05 ng mL(-1). The average recovery by the LC-MS/MS method obtained for these compounds varied from 74.6 to 111.2% with a relative standard deviation between 2.5 and 8.9%. The proposed method was used to determine pesticides levels in leaching water samples from 5 lysimeters from an experimental greenhouse located in Murcia.Talanta 08/2011; 85(2):975-82. · 3.79 Impact Factor -
Article: Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyprodinil and fludioxonil in leaching water under solar irradiation.
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ABSTRACT: The efficiency of ZnO and TiO(2) suspensions in the photocatalytic degradation of two fungicides (cyprodinil and fludioxonil) in leaching water was investigated. The experiments were carried out at pilot plant scale using compound parabolic collectors under natural sunlight. The blank experiments for both irradiated compounds solutions showed that both oxides strongly enhanced the removal of the fungicides. The addition of an oxidant (Na(2)S(2)O(8)) to the ZnO or TiO(2) increased the rate of photooxidation. The degradation of cyprodinil and fludioxonil followed first order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Complete degradation of both fungicides was achieved within 4 h (t(30W)=18 min) when treated with illuminated ZnO. The disappearance time (DT(75)), when referred to the normalized illumination time (t(30W)), was lower than 40 and 550 min (t(30W)=2 and 40 min) for both fungicides using ZnO or TiO(2), respectively. ZnO appeared to be more effective in cyprodinil and fludioxonil oxidation than TiO(2) probably due to its nonstoichiometry.Chemosphere 08/2011; 85(8):1262-8. · 3.21 Impact Factor -
Article: Influence of N doses and form on ¹⁵N natural abundance of pepper plants: considerations for using δ¹⁵N values as indicator of N source.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of the N form (NO(3) (-) , NH(4) (+) and organic N) and N concentration on plant isotopic fractionation and on the contribution of the different N sources to the plant N budget, in order to evaluate the feasibility of using plant δ(15) N values for discriminating between conventional and organic crops. To this end, different N concentrations (applied as NO(3) (-) ), N forms (NO(3) (-) versus NH(4) (+) ), and increasing NO(3) (-) applications to an organic N-based fertilization regime were studied. When using NO(3) (-) as N source, intra-plant fractionation was significant and tended to increase when NO(3) (-) concentration increased in the root medium. However, negligible net isotopic fractionation was observed when comparing theoretical and measured plant δ(15) N values. On the other hand, when plants are fertilized with a mixture of NO(3) (-) and NH(4) (+) , differences in uptake patterns for both salts could result in variation in plant δ(15) N regarding to the expected value. Finally, the application of NO(3) (-) to plants was detected when it was combined with high levels of organic N sources, from 99:1 organic:inorganic N ratio. Under certain conditions and following some considerations concerning sampling, δ(15) N values can be considered to be a potential tool to guarantee the authenticity of organic products.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 05/2011; 91(12):2255-8. · 1.44 Impact Factor -
Article: Rate of loss of insecticides during soil solarization and soil biosolarization.
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ABSTRACT: This paper reports the use of solarization and biosolarization to decontaminate a soil polluted with six insecticides (buprofezin, pirimicarb, pirimiphos methyl, pyridaben, pyriproxyfen and tebufenpyrad). In the experiment, 17-L pots filled with clay-loam soil were placed in a greenhouse during the summer season and then contaminated with the insecticides of interest. Treatments consisted of different solarization and biosolarization treatments, including a control without disinfection. For both solarization and biosolarization treatments, low-density polyethylene film was used as cover; the biosolarization treatment involving application of a mixture of sheep and chicken manures at a rate of 400 g pot(-1). Five pots per treatment were sampled periodically up to 90 d after the beginning of each treatment. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced the degradation rates of most of the insecticides tested compared with the control, probably as a result of the increased soil temperature. Pirimicarb, pirimiphos methyl, tebufenpyrad, pyriproxyfen and pyridaben were degraded to a greater extent in the biosolarization than in the solarization treatment. The results confirm that both solarization and biosolarization can be considered as a remediation tool for soils polluted by these insecticides.Journal of hazardous materials 09/2010; 185(2-3):634-8. · 4.14 Impact Factor -
Article: Evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds during ripening of 'superior seedless' grapes.
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ABSTRACT: The evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds was studied during ripening of Vitis vinifera cv. 'Superior Seedless' grapes in two consecutive years. The major free detected compounds were citral, geraniol, and benzyl alcohol whereas geraniol, citral, nerol, citronellol, dienediol I, linalol oxide I, linalol oxide II, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol were identified in the glycosidically bound fraction. Concentrations of the main free terpene alcohols responsible for 'Superior Seedless' aroma decreased during grape development, and bound compounds became predominant at grape maturity. Calculation of odor activity values showed that geraniol was the most active odorant followed to a lesser extent by citral and nerol. With regard to phenolic compound evolution, flavan-3-ols and flavonols were maximal at veraison and decreased throughout the ripening, stilbenes content decreased from the first stage, and total phenolics increased to show a maximum in the ripe grapes. At ripening, quercetin 3-O-glucoside and catechin were the main compounds detected in 'Superior Seedless'.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 05/2010; 58(10):6334-40. · 2.82 Impact Factor -
Article: Enhanced dissipation of oxyfluorfen, ethalfluralin, trifluralin, propyzamide, and pendimethalin in soil by solarization and biosolarization.
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to assess the effects of solarization and biosolarization on the degradation of oxyfluorfen, ethalfluralin, trifluralin, propyzamide, and pendimethalin. The experimental design consisted of 17 L pots filled with clay-loam soil, which were contaminated with the studied herbicides. Then, soil disinfection treatments were applied during the summer season, including a control without disinfection (C), solarization (S), and biosolarization (BS). Soil from five pots per treatment was sampled periodically up to 90 days. Herbicide dissipation rates were higher in both S and BS treatments with regard to the control. Similar dissipation rates were observed under S and BS for most of the herbicides studied, except oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin, which were degraded to a greater extent in the BS than in the S treatment. The obtained results showed that both solarization and biosolarization can be considered, in addition to soil disinfection techniques, such as bioremediation tools for herbicide-polluted soils.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 02/2010; 58(4):2433-8. · 2.82 Impact Factor -
Article: Solarization and biosolarization enhance fungicide dissipation in the soil.
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ABSTRACT: Although there is some evidence regarding the effect of solarization and biosolarization on pesticide degradation, information is still scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these disinfection techniques on the degradation of eight fungicides (azoxystrobin, kresoxin methyl, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, triadimenol, cyprodinil, pyrimethanil and fludioxonil) commonly used in pepper crops under greenhouse cultivation. Seventy-five 17-L pots filled with clay-loam soil were placed in a greenhouse during the summer season and then contaminated with the studied fungicides. Treatments consisted of different disinfection treatments, including a control without disinfection, solarization and biosolarization. For the solarization and biosolarization treatments, low-density polyethylene film was used as cover. Five pots per treatment were sampled periodically up to 90d after the beginning of each treatment and fungicide residues were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced fungicide dissipation rates with regard to the control treatment, an effect which was attributed to the increased soil temperature. Most of the fungicides studied showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. However, triadimenol was degraded to a greater extent in the biosolarization than in the solarization treatment, while fludioxonil behaved in the opposite way. The results confirm that both solarization and biosolarization contribute to pesticide dissipation and can therefore be considered alongside other soil disinfection techniques, as a bioremediation tool for pesticide-polluted soils.Chemosphere 02/2010; 79(2):216-20. · 3.21 Impact Factor -
Article: Pepper mineral composition and sensory attributes as affected by agricultural management
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Given the contradictory information available concerning the potential beneficial effects of organic production on food quality, there is a need for studies that determine the real effect of cropping systems on fruit quality. A two-year farm study was therefore conducted to assess differences in the mineral composition and sensory quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Quito) fruits cultivated in organic (O), low-input (LI) and soilless (SL) systems. Twenty-four greenhouses were selected following strict criteria in order to reduce the influence of environmental conditions and accurately and realistically reflect commercial production systems.RESULTS: The soil (O and LI) systems provided higher Ca and Mg concentrations than the SL system. In addition, fruit colour was favourably evaluated in green and red peppers from both soil systems. In contrast, SL fruits showed higher firmness in the green stage (related to higher flesh thickness). All fruit parameters that were affected by the cropping system were also affected by the harvesting time.CONCLUSION: The main differences as regards the mineral composition and sensory attributes of the resulting fruit were observed between the soil (O and LI) and SL systems. The benefits of O peppers with respect to LI fruits could only be described as an absence of pesticide residues. Harvesting time can affect fruit composition and quality to a greater extent than cropping system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical IndustryJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 10/2009; 89(14):2364 - 2371. · 1.44 Impact Factor -
Article: Pepper antioxidant composition as affected by organic, low‐input and soilless cultivation
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to study the effects of organic (O), low-input (LI) and soilless (SL) cultivation on pepper nutritional quality and antioxidant activity. For that, 24 commercial greenhouses were selected following strict criteria in order to reduce the influence of environmental conditions and realistically reflect commercial production systems. Fruits were harvested at two maturity stages (green and red) and three harvesting times during two consecutive years.RESULTS: Pepper antioxidant activity mainly stemmed from water-soluble compounds, including organic acids and phenolic compounds. Only some differences in sugars and malic and citric acid concentrations were detected between the O and LI systems. Sugars, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and hydrophilic antioxidant activity were higher in the SL system. In spite of these differences, overall differences between harvesting times or between years were far greater than those due to the cropping system.CONCLUSION: The main differences in the nutritional quality of pepper fruits were observed between the soil (O and LI) and SL (the most favourable) systems. The results highlight the importance of comparing different harvesting times and years in order to study the effect of cropping system on a specific crop. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical IndustryJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 08/2009; 89(13):2267 - 2274. · 1.44 Impact Factor -
Article: Dissipation rates of fenitrothion in greenhouse grown lettuce and under cold storage conditions
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ABSTRACT: The dissipation of fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-p-nitro-m-tolyl phosphothioate) was evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) in lettuce samples grown in an experimental greenhouse and harvested over a 4 weeks period following treatment with this insecticide. Dissipation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics (r was 0.996). The recommended preharvest time (PT) of application is 15 days, and when the residual value of fenitrothion was evaluated at harvest, it was found to be above the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by Spanish law in the field experiment for this compound. During the experiment, the evolution of the two main fenitrothion metabolites (3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and fenitrothion-oxon) was also evaluated. When the dissipation of fenitrothion was evaluated in cold-stored lettuce the half-life was 9–10 times greater than in greenhouse conditions.International Journal of Food Science & Technology 04/2009; 44(5):1034 - 1040. · 1.26 Impact Factor -
Article: Microbial quality and bioactive constituents of sweet peppers from sustainable production systems.
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ABSTRACT: Integrated, organic, and soil-less production systems are the principal production practices that have emerged to encourage more sustainable agricultural practices and safer edible plants, reducing inputs of plaguicides, pesticides, and fertilizers. Sweet peppers grown commercially under integrated, organic, and soil-less production systems were compared to study the influence of these sustainable production systems on the microbial quality and bioactive constituents (vitamin C, individual and total carotenoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids). The antioxidant composition of peppers was analyzed at green and red maturity stages and at three harvest times (initial, middle, and late season). Irrigation water, manure, and soil were shown to be potential transmission sources of pathogens to the produce. Coliform counts of soil-less peppers were up to 2.9 log units lower than those of organic and integrated peppers. Soil-less green and red peppers showed maximum vitamin C contents of 52 and 80 mg 100 g(-1) fresh weight (fw), respectively, similar to those grown in the organic production system. Moreover, the highest content of total carotenoids was found in the soil-less red peppers, which reached a maximum of 148 mg 100 g(-1) fw, while slightly lower contents were found in integrated and organic red peppers. Hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids represented 15 and 85% of the total phenolic content, respectively. Total phenolic content, which ranged from 1.2 to 4.1 mg 100 g(-1) fw, was significantly affected by the harvest time but not by the production system assayed. Soil-less peppers showed similar or even higher concentrations of bioactive compounds (vitamin C, provitamin A, total carotenoid, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids) than peppers grown under organic and integrated practices. Therefore, in the commercial conditions studied, soil-less culture was a more suitable alternative than organic or integrated practices, because it improved the microbial safety of sweet peppers without detrimental effects on the bioactive compound content.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 12/2008; 56(23):11334-41. · 2.82 Impact Factor -
Article: Strobilurin residue levels in greenhouse‐grown pepper and under cold‐storage conditions
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl are strobilurin fungicides widely used in vegetable cultivation in southeastern Spain. The dissipation of these fungicides in peppers was evaluated in a study carried out in a greenhouse and under cold-storage conditions. Pepper samples were collected during a 5-week period in which two successive applications of these pesticides were performed. Gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen–phosphorus detection (NPD) was used to study the disappearance of these compounds in peppers.RESULTS: The disappearance rates of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl on peppers were described as pseudo-first-order kinetics (r between 0.950 and 0.992) and half-life in the range of 10.28–15.21 days. These fungicides showed similar behaviour because they are structurally similar. After 21 days under cold and darkness storage conditions, dissipation of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not observed.CONCLUSION: The pre-harvest times established by Spanish law for these fungicides are correct since the residue levels were below the legal limit after two applications at the maximum recommended doses. Pepper storage or transport under refrigerated and darkness conditions do not contribute to dissipation of azoxystrobin or kresoxim-methyl residues. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical IndustryJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 11/2008; 89(2):299 - 303. · 1.44 Impact Factor -
Article: Impact of biofumigation with solarization on degradation of pesticides and heavy metal accumulation.
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ABSTRACT: A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biofumigation (with sheep and chicken manure) combined with solarization on the dissipation of pesticides (pyrifenox, DDT and dieldrin), and on soil metals accumulation. The treatments consisted of a control, and soil disinfestations by biofumigation combined with solarization (B+S) for two, four, five, six consecutive years. B+S enhanced the dissipation of pyrifenox with regard to control treatment. Significant differences were not detected among plots disinfected with B+S for consecutive years. On the other hand, B+S had no effect on the dissipation of DDT and dieldrin, probably due to the resistance of these pesticides to microbial degradation and/or high temperatures. Biofumigation is considered to be an environmentally safe practice, since no accumulation of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, or Zn was observed after the subsequent application of organic matter through the treatments.Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes 09/2008; 43(6):513-8. · 1.10 Impact Factor -
Article: Dissipation rates of procymidone and azoxystrobin in greenhouse grown lettuce and under cold storage conditions
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ABSTRACT: The dissipation of two fungicides (procymidone and azoxystrobin) was evaluated in greenhouse grown lettuce and under cold storage conditions. Lettuce samples were collected from an experimental greenhouse during a five week period, in which two consecutive applications of these pesticides were performed. Gas chromatography (GC) with electron-capture detection (ECD) was used to study the disappearance of these compounds in lettuce. Confirmation analysis of pesticides was carried out by capillary gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The disappearance rates of these compounds on lettuces in field after two applications were described as pseudo-first-order kinetics with strong correlation between residue concentration and time (r was in all cases higher than 0.983). The half-lives for first and second applications were of 5.31 and 4.65 days for procymidone and 6.23 and 4.87 days for azoxystrobin, respectively. When procymidone and azoxystrobin were applied two times during cultivation, at maximum recommended dose, the residues of both pesticides were below maximum residue limits (MRLs) after the established preharvest intervals. After 21 days under cold and darkness storage conditions, dissipation of procymidone and azoxystrobin was not observed.Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 08/2008; 88(10):737-746.
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Institutions
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2007–2012
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Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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