Tatiana Gierek

Publications of Tatiana Gierek

• [16 years of experience in laryngeal microsurgery with use laser CO₂: cooperation between laryngologist and anesthesiologist - in material of ENT Department of Silesian Medical University].

  Authors: Jarosław Markowski, Zdzisława Sachajdak-Michalewska, Tatiana Gierek, Danuta Zbrowska-Bielska, Małgorzata Witkowska, Jarosław Paluch

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 11/2011; 65(6):417-22.

  Laryngeal microsurgery is currently the primary method of treatment of many diseases of the larynx. Breakthrough for the development of laryngeal microsurgery was the introduction of laserLaryngeal microsurgery is currently the primary method of treatment of many diseases of the larynx. Breakthrough for the development of laryngeal microsurgery was the introduction of laser technology. The laryngeal microsurgery is used mainly laser CO₂. Endoscopic laryngeal microsurgery using the laser poses a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist, ensuring safe conditions of anesthesia, the patient and simultaneously appropriate operating conditions for the surgeon for precisely perform the procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2010 carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology SUM 832 microsurgical operations of the larynx using a CO₂ laser. CONCLUSION:The perioperative management and close cooperation with the surgeon and anesthesiologist are essential for safe and efficient conduct of the operation the larynx using a microsurgical CO₂ laser.

• Magnetic Resonance Tractography in Neuroradiological Diagnostic Aspects

  Authors: Jaroslaw Paluch, Jaroslaw Markowski, Tatiana Gierek, Przemyslaw Pencak, Malgorzata Witkowska, Maciej Kajor, Agnieszka Gorzkowska, Agnieszka Piotrowska

  09/2011;

  ISBN: 978-953-307-589-1

• Assessment of vestibulocochlear organ function in patients meeting radiologic criteria of vascular compression syndrome of vestibulocochlear nerve--diagnosis of disabling positional vertigo.

  Authors: Jarosław Markowski, Tatiana Gierek, Ewa Kluczewska, Małgorzata Witkowska

  Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 02/2011; 17(3):CR169-73.

  This study sought to assess the vestibulo-cochlear organ in patients meeting radiologic criteria of vascular compression syndrome (VCS) of the eighth cranial nerve. The authors performed aThis study sought to assess the vestibulo-cochlear organ in patients meeting radiologic criteria of vascular compression syndrome (VCS) of the eighth cranial nerve. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 34 patients (18 women, 16 men; mean age, 49 years) treated in between 2000 and 2007, with VCS of the eighth cranial nerve by MRI. Contrasted magnetic resonance imaging identified an anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loop adhering to the vestibule-cochlear nerve in all 34 cases. All patients were given pure tone audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, and electroneurographic examinations. Most-common symptoms were unilateral hearing loss (82%), unilateral tinnitus (80%), and dizziness (74%). Most-frequent abnormalities in performed examinations were specific auditory brainstem response changes (interpreted according to Möller's criteria) in 86% of cases and sensorineural hearing loss in pure tone audiometry (82%). Abnormal changes in electronystagmography were found in the absence (12%) or weakness (35%) of a caloric response. No patients were surgically treated. Significantly, there is no more weakness or absence of the caloric response of a vestibular organ in a patient with vascular compression of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve. Despite an absence of electrophysiologic testing of vestibular organ dysfunction, most examined patients (meeting the radiologic criteria of VCS of the eighth cranial nerve) had subjective symptoms like vertigo and dizziness. Disabling positional vertigo should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vertigo when accompanied by tinnitus or deafness.

• Transcriptional activities of histone H3, cyclin D1 and claudin 7 encoding genes in laryngeal cancer.

  Authors: Malgorzata Kapral, Barbara Strzalka-Mrozik, Malgorzata Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Paluch, Joanna Gola, Tatiana Gierek, Ludmila Weglarz

  European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 12/2010; 268(5):709-14.

  Uncontrolled proliferation and a decrease in cell-cell adhesion are one of the most important characteristics of malignancy. Determination of replication-dependent histone H3 can be applied as aUncontrolled proliferation and a decrease in cell-cell adhesion are one of the most important characteristics of malignancy. Determination of replication-dependent histone H3 can be applied as a proliferative marker. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) regulates the cell cycle by participating in the control of the G1/S phase transition. Claudins (CLDN) are components of tight junctions and may play an essential role in the loss of tissue cohesion. The aim of the study was to assess the mRNA expression of histone H3, cyclin D1, and claudin 7 genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues. The study group consisted of 32 patients with LSCC. Adjacent nonneoplastic tissues of incision lines were used as controls. Quantification of H3, CCND1 and CLDN7 mRNAs was performed by the use of real-time QRT-PCR assay. Molecular analysis showed a significantly higher expression of CCND1 (P = 0.0001; Wilcoxon test) and H3 (P = 0.0141) genes in tumor tissues than in surrounding nonneoplastic tissues. On the contrary, transcriptional activity of claudin 7 gene was higher in histologically normal tissues; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1499). The data obtained indicate that laryngeal cancer is characterized by high proliferative potential mediated by increase in cyclin D1 and H3 mRNAs expression.

• The assessment of hearing organ of school children in Upper Silesia region.

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Małgorzata Gwóźdź-Jezierska, Jarosław Markowski, Małgorzata Witkowska

  International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 10/2009;

  Because at present no estimated data is available concerning the frequency of hearing loss in the population of primary school children in Silesia, it has been assumed useful to carry out a researchBecause at present no estimated data is available concerning the frequency of hearing loss in the population of primary school children in Silesia, it has been assumed useful to carry out a research programme. An important advantage of this study is the assessment of hearing in children from Upper Silesian region, a top ranking region in Europe in industrialisation and environmental pollution. In the selected population of primary school children in the province of Silesia, hearing loss occurred in 6% of the examined pupils; in schools located in urban areas it was higher than in schools from rural areas. In the group of children aged 6-10 years conductive hearing loss occurred significantly more frequently, than main cause of that hearing loss was Eustachian tube dysfunction. The obtained results testify about the society being hardly aware of the problems related to hearing loss, which stresses the necessity of conducting screening examinations of hearing organ in children at school age, as well as improving the health care and prevention in that respect.

• [The results of surgical treatment of the facial nerve paralysis]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Krystyna Majzel, Aleksandra Slaska-Kaspera, Małgorzata Gwóźdź-Jezierska

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2007; 61(4):383-6.

  Paralysis of the facial nerve reveales some symptoms which are very unfavourable for esthetic point of view (deformity of the face with incompetence of the palpebal function). It is recognized as theParalysis of the facial nerve reveales some symptoms which are very unfavourable for esthetic point of view (deformity of the face with incompetence of the palpebal function). It is recognized as the one of the most invalidity for humane life. There are many surgical techniques to reconstructive facial nerve such as: decompression, end to end or side to end anastomosis with hypoglosal, glosopharyngeal, axesorius or mandibular nerves. Reconstruction technique depends upon the extent of injury, the availability of the proximal stump and time since injury and duration of muscle denervation. In the presence of facial paralysis electrodiagnostic tests should be performed before surgery and every 3 mounts after, during rehabilitation, which play also the most important role in recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present the outcome of the surgical treatment of the facial nerve paresis in 31 patients cured in the Silesian Department of Laryngology in Katowice from 1991 to 2002. The reasons of the paresis were otitis media with cholesteatoma and granuloma in 18 cases, head trauma in 2 patients and iatrogenic impairment after ear operations in 11 cases. The decompression of the facial nerve was done in 20 patients, anastomosis end to end in 3, crossover anastomoses between the facial nerve and the hypoglossal nerve was done in 1 case, and transplantation of auricular major nerve in 7 cases. RESULTS: The outcome was good in 20 patients (64.5%), satisfactory in 10 patients (32.3%) and non satisfactory in one case (3.2%). CONCLUSION: In our material the most of cases was caused by otitis media with cholesteatoma. The best outcome was obtained after decompression of the facial nerve. The rehabilitation before and after surgery play the very important role in the recovery.

• [A 20-year retrospective histoclinical analysis of parotid gland tumors in the ENT Department AM in Katowice]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Krystyna Majzel, Edyta Jura-Szołtys, Aleksandra Slaska-Kaspera, Małgorzata Witkowska, Lucyna Klimczak-Gołab

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2007; 61(4):399-403.

  INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland neoplasms represent the diverse group of tumours encountered by the head and neck surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is analysis of 531 patients with parotid glandINTRODUCTION: Salivary gland neoplasms represent the diverse group of tumours encountered by the head and neck surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is analysis of 531 patients with parotid gland tumours in patients treated in ENT Department during 1986-2006. We analysed surgical treatment and intraoperative tumour stage. The results of histological diagnosis were presented. RESULTS: The frequency of incidence of benign neoplasm was 80%. The most frequent tumour was pleomorphic adenoma--75% and adenolymphoma--16%. Malignant tumours constituted 20% of all gland tumours. Mucoepidermoid (27%) and adenoid cyst (22%) carcinomas were the most common malignant tumour. Tumour stages T3-T4 was in 90%.

• [The evaluation of efficaciency of the "Słysze" screening test on the base of the results of hearing examinations in schoolchildren in Silesia in 2002 year]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Małgorzata Gwózdź-Jezierska, Aleksandra Slaska-Kaspera

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2007; 61(5):707-12.

  INTRODUCTION: The measure of efficaciency of screening test is specificality and sensitivity. The validation of the screening test by using Program "Słysze" in Silesia in year 2002 was done. MATERIALINTRODUCTION: The measure of efficaciency of screening test is specificality and sensitivity. The validation of the screening test by using Program "Słysze" in Silesia in year 2002 was done. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Program consisted of two parts: 1. The screening test in schools: a) pure-tone test, b) speech audiometry in noice, and 2. Audiometric verifying of "positive results" of the test. 8885 children were tested in Silesia in 2002. 919 schoolchildren (10.3%) had "positive results". 465 pupils reported to a verifying examination. The hearing loss was confirmed in 191 children. 6 months after the end of Program the control audiometric examinations to validate the Program "Słysze" were done in 100 children, who gained "negative results" in screening test. RESULTS: Program "Słysze" had a high specificality--0.93, sensitivity--0.70, ability to identify--0.92. A positive predictive value was--0.40, and negative predictive value was--0.98.

• [The results of hearing screening in selected population of primary schoolchildren in Silesia]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Małgorzata Gwóźdź-Jezierska, Aleksandra Slaska-Kaspera, Andrzej Senderski

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2007; 61(2):171-7.

  The aim of this study was analysis of results of audiologic evaluation in the group of 191 children with hearing loss. Children were selected from the group of 8885 pupils of primary schools inThe aim of this study was analysis of results of audiologic evaluation in the group of 191 children with hearing loss. Children were selected from the group of 8885 pupils of primary schools in Silesia by screening test "Słysze" in 2002. Universal Screening Program of Hearing in Children and Teenage "Słysze" was created and introduced in to the clinic practice by Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing in Warsaw in 1999. The screening program consists of: pure tone examination and speech audiometry in noise. Children with hearing loss detected by this test in 2002 were followed laryngological and audiological examination. Special attention was paid on articulation disturbances, communicational and educational problems in children with hearing loss. The authors focused also attention on "discreet signs of hearing deficiency" (not reacting to commands, turning up a TV-set, loud speech). The validation of screening test "Słysze" was also conducted. In the selected population of primary schoolchildren in Silesia hypoacusis occurred in 6% of examined children, in "city" schools the percentage proved to be higher than in "village" schools. In the group aged 6 to 10 the conductive hearing loss occurred considerable more frequently. Eustachian tube dysfunctions in children with conductive hearing loss occurred more frequently in the group of the younger ones. Older than 10 years old in most cases proved to have perceptive-type of hearing loss. The hearing loss hinders a child's psycho-intellectual development, it is important to detect it as early as possible. The evaluations showed that despite frequent occurrence of "discreet symptoms of hypoacusis", only 17.8% of parents suspected hearing loss in their own child. According to the frequency of parents' signals of "discreet symptoms of hypoacusis" it was found that the fact of turning up TV sound was the most powerful sign indicating the probability of hearing loss (45.5%). The most common risk factors of hearing loss in schoolchildren were also estimated. A characteristic, homogenous group of 34 children (17.8%) was the group with MSHL minimal sensorineral hearing loss of high frequencies (6-8 kHz). Results obtained give evidence of low level of awareness in the society concerning the problem of hypoacusis, which confirms the necessity to screening of hearing in schoolchildren and improving of health care in this respect. Diagnosing hypoacusis in case of children is an interdisciplinary problem, requiring cooperation of medical circles but also teachers, speech therapists and parents.

• [The stapedius muscle--the present opinions about anatomy and physiology]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Aleksandra Slaska-Kaspera

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2007; 61(1):29-32.

  The authors present current opinions about anatomy and physiology of the stapedius muscle and its role of the hearing process. The stapedius muscle is the smallest striped muscle of the human bodyThe authors present current opinions about anatomy and physiology of the stapedius muscle and its role of the hearing process. The stapedius muscle is the smallest striped muscle of the human body and contracts reflexive in response to acoustic stimulation. The stapedius muscle puls the neck of the stapes in the direction of the stapedius tendon. This movement causes stiffening of the incus and the malleus and also changes the pressure of the perilymph in the inner ear. This is the protective inner ear action of the stapedius reflex against hearing damage by noise. The stapedius reflex shows bilateral interactions and its center is located in the brainstem. The binaural interaction of the stapedius reflex plays an important role in the maintaining of the sound direction. The stapedius tendon also plays role in the vascularization of the long process of the incus.

• [Long-term results after argon plasma coagulation (APC) inferior turbinates reduction]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Edyta Jura-Szołtys

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2007; 61(1):63-8.

  Interior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the major causes of nasal airway obstruction. Medical treatment often produces insufficient improvements. In these cases, surgical reduction of inferiorInterior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the major causes of nasal airway obstruction. Medical treatment often produces insufficient improvements. In these cases, surgical reduction of inferior turbinates can be proposed. Authors analyzed long-term results of argon plasma coagulation (APC) for inferior turbinates reduction in patients with chronic nasal obstruction. Rhinomanometric parameters, clearance of saccharine test results and cytological examination were statistically analyzed in 70 patients after 3 month and in 47 after 12 month after surgery. Five patients received a second operation. Only patients with first degree in T/S (turbinate/septum) nasal septum deviation were enrolled in both groups. Every patients were treated ineffectively with nasal drops. All patients received topical anesthesia. The procedure of APC were easy to perform end we did not experience postoperative bleeding. Rhinomanometric measurement demonstrated a significant nasal flow at 3 and 12 month after APC. Before 3 and 12 month after surgery the values for resistance shoved significant difference. There were no changes in saccharine transit - time during the follow-up period. At 3 postoperative month, the nasal stuffiness had improved 62 (88%) patients. At 12 month after surgery, the nasal stuffines had improved 34 (73%) patients. APC was shown to effectively reduce the symptom of nasal obstruction without any complications. Argon Plasma Coagulation should be an alternative method in treating the patients with hyperplastic inferior turbinate.

• [Long term results stape surgery]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Lucyna Klimczak-Gołab

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2006; 60(5):653-61.

  For many years otosclerosis has been an interesting otologic problem in regard to pathological and clinical aspects. Many various conceptions of otosclerosis development which finally lead to theFor many years otosclerosis has been an interesting otologic problem in regard to pathological and clinical aspects. Many various conceptions of otosclerosis development which finally lead to the stapes immobility in the oval window were discussed. Resent genetic studies indicate that genetic factors as a cause of otosclerosis possibly in combination with other factors localize 3 genes responsible for otosclerosis to chromosom 15q25q-q26, 7q34-36, 6p21-22. The aim of the study was audiometric evaluation of 1380 patients out of 1716 stapes operations performed in years 1973-2004. Audiometric assessment for air and bone conduction was performed according to the European Academy of Otology and Neuro-Otology (EAO-NO) criteria. Postoperative air-bone gap 11-20 dB for speech frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz) was obtained in 64.8% and in 28.9% was less than 10 dB. Postoperative air-bone gap (11-20 dB) recognized as a good result is determined by factors such as preoperative hearing loss, onset and duration of the disease, advanced and multiple otosclerotic foci, patient's age etc. Actually postoperative air-bone gap shows the improvement of air and bone thresholds obtained post stapedotomy versus preoperative air bone gap. In previous years an "over-closure" effect was taken into consideration. Hearing improvement post stapes surgery which included the "over closure" effect was obviously better. The authors indicate the necessity of standardization of audiometric results post ear surgery.

• [Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the years 1992-2001]

  Authors: Stanisław Betlejewski, Robert Bilewicz, Czesław Stankiewicz, Andrzej Skorek, Tatiana Gierek, Piotr Wardas, Wiesław Gołqbek, Marcin Szymański, Maciej Gryczyński, Zygmunt Szmeja, Witold Szyfter, Ewa Osuch-Wójcikiewicz, Oksana Korolkowa, Dariusz Jurkiewicz, Dagmara Kenig, Lucyna Pośpiech, Krzysztof Preś, Grzegorz Namysłowski

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2006; 60(5):729-36.

  On the base of retrospective analysis of 927 cases of malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses, diagnosed and treated in 10 clinical centers in Poland from 1992-2001, the assessment ofOn the base of retrospective analysis of 927 cases of malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses, diagnosed and treated in 10 clinical centers in Poland from 1992-2001, the assessment of basic epidemiological data, including the localization of tumor, and stage of local and clinical advancement of the disease at the time of diagnosis has been conducted. In analyzed period of 10 years the trends to change the mentioned above parameters has been examined. The index of morbidity in this period was constant and compareable with figures published earlier. In the analyzed material there is a predominance of males and the sex ratio was 1.45. The majority of cases were between 50-69 years (55%).The most common histopathological diagnosis was carcinoma (58%).The majority of cases of malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses was diagnosed in the advanced stage T3-T4 (72.3%) with the highest percentage in the middle region. 90% of all cases were treated surgically, but in about 30% it was the only treatment (also in cases of stage T2-T4). In 56% of all patients the surgical procedure was completed by radiotherapy. This data suggest that indications for additional irradiation should be extended.

• [The histo-clinical analysis of 95 malignant neoplasms of parotid gland]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Krystyna Majzel, Edyta Jura-Szołtys, Małgorzata Witkowska

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2006; 60(3):313-6.

  INTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors constituted 25% of all gland tumors, the most frequently in parotid gland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is analysis of 436 patients with parotid gland tumors whoINTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors constituted 25% of all gland tumors, the most frequently in parotid gland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is analysis of 436 patients with parotid gland tumors who underwent surgery in ENT Department. The results of histopatological diagnosis are presented. We analysed surgical treatment, intraoperative tumor stage and accuracy of fine - needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis. RESULTS: Malignant tumors constituted 22% of all gland tumors. Mucoepidermoid (27%) and adenoid cyst (22%) carcinomas were the most common malignant tumor. Tumor stage T3-T4 was in 88,5% cases. Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of parotid tumors is 81,2%.

• [Analysis of results of stapedotomy in patients with obliterative otosclerosis]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Małgorzata Witkowska, Danuta Zbrowska-Bielska, Lucyna Klimczak-Gołab

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2006; 60(3):377-83.

  INTRODUCTION: In obliterative type of otosclerosis the stapes footplate is greatly thickened and diffusely replaced by a massive otosclerotic masses that fill in the oval window niche, often annularINTRODUCTION: In obliterative type of otosclerosis the stapes footplate is greatly thickened and diffusely replaced by a massive otosclerotic masses that fill in the oval window niche, often annular ligament cannot be visualized. In the case of obliterative otosclerosis the only effective way of treatment is surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysed group consisted of 53 patients with primary obliterative otosclerosis. In the control group there were 30 consecutive patients treated for otosclerosis. The auditory organ was assessed on the ground of the following criteria for the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz.: 1. Change of pure tone thresholds of air conduction (AC) 2. Change of pure tone thresholds of bone conduction (BC) 3. Change of pure tone thresholds of air-bone gap (ABG) as the difference between the mean AC and BC thresholds before the operation (AC0 and BC0) and 12 months after the operation (AC1 and BC1). RESULTS: Postoperatively mean value of change of AC thresholds in the analysed group was about 24 +/- 2 dBHL and in the control group about 25 +/- 2 dBHL (no significant difference). In the analysed group the mean value of BC thresholds varied about 8 dBHL and in the control group about 11 dBHL (no significant difference). The average values of ABG after the operation varied about 14 +/- 1 dBHL in both--the analysed and the control group. Postoperatively the mean value ABG was amounted to 20 +/- 1 dBHL in the analysed group and in the control group to 18 +/- 1 dBHL (no significant difference). On the basis of the subjective assessment completely subsidence of aural tinnitus reported 70% patients in the analysed group and 80% patients in the control group. CONCLUSION: 1. The incidence of obliterative otosclerosis represents 9,6% of all otosclerotic patients treated surgically. 2. Stapedotomy is the treatment of choice in patients with obliterative otosclerosis, because significant improvement of AC, BC and ABG 12 months after the operation was reported, mean values did not differ between the above and control group. 3. Complete subsidence of aural tinnitus was reported in 70% patients with obliterative otosclerosis.

• [Long-term results of stapes surgery--over 1000 patients]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Lucyna Klimczak-Gołab

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 10/2005; 19(111):480-1.

  Authors present audiometric results of 1200 patients with otosclerosis post stapedotomy. Air-conduction, bone-conduction and air-bone gap was measured prior the surgery and 12 months post stapedotomyAuthors present audiometric results of 1200 patients with otosclerosis post stapedotomy. Air-conduction, bone-conduction and air-bone gap was measured prior the surgery and 12 months post stapedotomy for frequencies 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kHz. In the analysed group of 1200 patients a postoperative air-bone gap 0-10 and 11-20 dB was obtained in 93.7% patients. The result of stapedotomy in reference to tinnitus based on the patients' subjective opinion showed that 78.0% patients were either free from tinnitus or tinnitus was subjectively decreased. Authors stress that some anatomical abnormalities in the tympanic cavity might influence on the result of stapes surgery.

• [Diagnosis and decision making about the management of chronic otitis media]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 10/2005; 19(111):482-3.

  The paper presents actual state of knowledge in reference to the clinical aspects, diagnosis and indication for surgery in chronic otitis media. The pathologic aspects in the tympanic cavity and inThe paper presents actual state of knowledge in reference to the clinical aspects, diagnosis and indication for surgery in chronic otitis media. The pathologic aspects in the tympanic cavity and in the mastoid should be taken into consideration in the preoperative assessment of the patients. The most common types of chronic non- and cholesteatomatous otitis media and preoperative management are presented. Most of the cases of chronic otitis media require surgery, state of ossicular chain and transmission system determine the functional and anatomical results of the surgery.

• Glycosoaminoglycans in nasal polyps.

  Authors: Katarzyna Pawłowska-Góral, Tatiana Gierek, Krystyna Majzel, Piotr Wardas, Maria Wardas

  Acta oto-laryngologica. 03/2005; 125(2):177-9.

  CONCLUSION: The qualitative and quantitative compositions of GAGs were comparable in all the polyps examined. OBJECTIVE: Glycosoaminoglycans (GAGs) are an integral component of proteoglycans, whichCONCLUSION: The qualitative and quantitative compositions of GAGs were comparable in all the polyps examined. OBJECTIVE: Glycosoaminoglycans (GAGs) are an integral component of proteoglycans, which are constituents of connective tissue. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of GAGs occurring in proteoglycans determine their biological role. In this work, individual fractions of GAGs occurring in nasal polyps were isolated and estimated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Polyps were obtained over a 2-year period from 31 patients (18 males, 13 females; age range 28-70 years) who underwent polypectomy and evaluated using routine histopathology. RESULTS: The amount of hyaluronic acid in nasal polyps was high, the amounts of dermatane sulphate and chondroitine-6-sulphate were slightly lower and the amounts of chondroitine-4-sulphate, heparin, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate were the lowest.

• [Distant metastases to the parotid gland--review of the literature and report of own two cases]

  Authors: Jarosław Markowski, Tatiana Gierek, Ewa Zielińska-Pajak, Małgorzata Witkowska, Anatol Wodołazski, Jacek Pajak, Jarosław Paluch

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2005; 59(4):547-52.

  Metastatic tumors to the parotid gland are very uncommon and it accounts for 8% of all cancers of parotid gland. The parotid gland and its lymph nodes are possible sites of metastases from head andMetastatic tumors to the parotid gland are very uncommon and it accounts for 8% of all cancers of parotid gland. The parotid gland and its lymph nodes are possible sites of metastases from head and neck cancers. However, metastasis from distant primary neoplasm below clavicle is possible, too. The authors presented the two cases of distant metastases to the parotid gland. The women with breast cancer and metastases to the parotid gland 11 years after surgery, radio- and chemotherapy of breast cancer. She died 7 months after parotid surgery of systemically advanced disease. The man with metastasis of malignant melanoma of unknown primary site. He underwent total parotid surgery with the tumor and lymph nodes. He died 7 months after surgery. In spite of intensive exam the primary location of the melanoma was unknown. The authors described pathophysiology of distant metastases to the parotid gland with special attention to possibilities of treatment and survival.

• [Analysis of 216 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland]

  Authors: Tatiana Gierek, Krystyna Majzel, Małgorzata Witkowska, Edyta Jura-Szołtys

  Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology. 02/2005; 59(3):329-32.

  Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent benign tumour of the salivary glands. The most common localization is the parotid gland. The authors present a clinical analysis of the group of 216 patients,Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent benign tumour of the salivary glands. The most common localization is the parotid gland. The authors present a clinical analysis of the group of 216 patients, who was treated in ENT Department and who was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma. The frequency of incidence of mixed tumours is 50.70% of all 426 cases of parotid gland's tumours. In 92, 13% cases the tumours was localized in the superficial part, only in 7.87% in deep part of the gland. Sixteen patient was operated on because of the recurrence of mixed tumours. In one case we observed the syndrome of the auriculotemporal nerve. The temporary paresis of facial nerve after operation occurred in 19 patients. We don't noticed the incidence of salivary fistula in our material.