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ABSTRACT: Diabetes mellitus may impair bone healing after dental implant placement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres on osseointegration around titanium implants in diabetic rats.
The bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by the W/O/W double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. A total of 20 rats were used to create diabetic animal models by giving them a high-fat and high-sugar diet and a low-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. Titanium implants were planted into the tibias of the diabetic rats and into 10 normal rats. Microspheres were loaded on the surfaces of the implants in the bFGF intervention group before they were placed into the rats. After 4 or 8 weeks, the tibias containing the implants were removed and embedded with resin. Uncalcified tissue slices were prepared to compare osseointegration.
At 4 weeks, the bone-implant contact rate in the diabetic control group was less than that in the control group and the bFGF intervention group (P < .05). At 8 weeks, the results among the 3 groups were similar to those at 4 weeks.
The local delivery of bFGF from PLGA microspheres into areas around titanium implants may improve osseointegration in diabetic rats.
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. 09/2012; 114(3):284-9.
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ABSTRACT: In order to understand the mechanisms of poor osseointegration following dental implants in type 2 diabetics, it is important to study the biological properties of alveolar bone osteoblasts isolated from these patients. We collected alveolar bone chips under aseptic conditions and cultured them in vitro using the tissue explants adherent method. The biological properties of these cells were characterized using the following methods: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) chemical staining for cell viability, Alizarin red staining for osteogenic characteristics, MTT test for cell proliferation, enzyme dynamics for ALP contents, radio-immunoassay for bone gla protein (BGP) concentration, and ELISA for the concentration of type I collagen (COL-I) in the supernatant. Furthermore, we detected the adhesion ability of two types of cells from titanium slices using non-specific immunofluorescence staining and cell count. The two cell forms showed no significant difference in morphology under the same culture conditions. However, the alveolar bone osteoblasts received from type 2 diabetic patients had slower growth, lower cell activity and calcium nodule formation than the normal ones. The concentration of ALP, BGP and COL-I was lower in the supernatant of alveolar bone osteoblasts received from type 2 diabetic patients than in that received from normal subjects (P < 0.05). The alveolar bone osteoblasts obtained from type 2 diabetic patients can be successfully cultured in vitro with the same morphology and biological characteristics as those from normal patients, but with slower growth and lower concentration of specific secretion and lower combining ability with titanium than normal ones.
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica ... [et al.] 04/2012; 45(6):502-9. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to introduce our preliminary experience on a submerged split-thickness skin graft (STSG) technique combined with secondary vestibuloplasty to rebuild keratinized peri-implant soft tissue and oral vestibule for patients with large oromandibular defects reconstructed by composite flaps.
Five patients were enrolled in this study. Stage 1 was submerged STSG and simultaneous implant placement. Stage 2 was the uncovering of the STSG and vestibuloplasty. The implant-borne fixed denture was inserted after this 2-stage treatment. All patients were followed for at least 12 months (average 18 months).
Eighteen implants were placed. The rebuilt peri-implant keratinized soft tissue was healthy clinically. The STSG graft had firm adherence to the underlying periosteum. The vestibule had adequate depth to maintain local hygiene. All implants were osseointegrated and all implant-borne prostheses were functioning well.
Submerged STSG technique combined with secondary vestibuloplasty may become a feasible and effective solution to rebuild keratinized soft tissue before dental implant restoration.
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. 03/2012; 113(3):e4-9.
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to introduce our preliminary experience on a submerged split-thickness skin graft (STSG) technique combined with secondary vestibuloplasty to rebuild keratinized peri-implant soft tissue and oral vestibule for patients with large oromandibular defects reconstructed by composite flaps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients were enrolled in this study. Stage 1 was submerged STSG and simultaneous implant placement. Stage 2 was the uncovering of the STSG and vestibuloplasty. The implant-borne fixed denture was inserted after this 2-stage treatment. All patients were followed for at least 12 months (average 18 months). RESULT: Eighteen implants were placed. The rebuilt peri-implant keratinized soft tissue was healthy clinically. The STSG graft had firm adherence to the underlying periosteum. The vestibule had adequate depth to maintain local hygiene. All implants were osseointegrated and all implant-borne prostheses were functioning well. CONCLUSION: Submerged STSG technique combined with secondary vestibuloplasty may become a feasible and effective solution to rebuild keratinized soft tissue before dental implant restoration.
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 01/2012; · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE To construct the recombinant plasmid pCI-HLE encoding human serum album-EPO (HSA-EPO) fusion protein and to express it in CHO cell.
The cDNA encoding human serum album and EPO were amplified by PCR, and then spliced with the synsitic DNA fragment encoding GS (GGGGS), by overlap PCR extension to form LEPO. After BamH I digestion, the HSA and LEPO was ligated to generate the fusion HSA-EPO gene and was then cloned into the expression vector pCI-neo to generate the recombinant plasmid pCI-HLE. The plasmid pCI-HLE was transfected into CHO cell by liposome protocol. Then, the recombinant cells were screened by G418 and identified by PCR and Western blot. Expression of fusion protein was evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Restrictive enzymes digestion and DNA sequencing revealed that HSA-EPO fusion gene was cloned into expression vector pCI-neo successfully. PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that the fusion gene was integrated in the genome of CHO cells and expressed successfully. The HSA-EPO production varied from 86 Iu/(mL x 10(6) x 72 h) to 637 IU/(mLx 10(6) x 72 h).
The results confirmed that HSA-EPO fusion gene can be expressed in the CHO cells, with EPO immunogenicity, which could serve as foundation for the development of long-lasting recombinant HSA-EPO protein.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 05/2011; 42(3):317-21.
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Feng Wang,
Ying-liang Song,
Cui-xia Li, De-hua Li,
He-peng Zhang,
Ai-jie Ma,
Xiao-qing Xi,
Ning Zhang,
Bao-gang Wang,
Yao Wang,
Wei Zhou
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ABSTRACT: Dental implantation is an effective and predictable treatment modality for replacing missing teeth and repairing maxillofacial defects. However, implants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are likely to have a high failure rate and poor initial osseointegration. In the current study, we established an effective drug delivery system designed to improve osseointegration of dental implants in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Twenty type 2 diabetic rats were divided into two groups: a group receiving recombinant rat Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (rrIGF-1) Microsphere Therapy (MST) (10 rats) and a control group (10 rats). The rrIGF-1 was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres to produce a sustained-release effect around titanium (Ti) dental implants in the rrIGF-1 MST group. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and cumulative-release studies were conducted to verify the release effect of the microspheres as well as rrIGF-1 bioactivity. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at weeks 4 and 8 post surgery, and a histological analysis was performed on the rats from both groups. Compared to the control group, rats that received rrIGF-1 by PLGA microsphere treatment were observed to have a higher bone-implant contact percentage around the Ti implants at week 4 or week 8 post surgery (P<0.05). This result clearly indicates that sustained release of rrIGF-1 through encapsulation by PLGA microspheres positively affects osseointegration of dental implants in type 2 diabetic rats.
European journal of pharmacology 05/2010; 640(1-3):226-32. · 2.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly prevalent disease with oral health manifestations. In this study, titanium implants were placed in the femora of 10 type 2 diabetic and 10 age-matched normal rats. We compared the results of bone histomorphometry around the dental implants at 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery.
Diabetes research and clinical practice 02/2010; 88(1):e7-9. · 2.16 Impact Factor
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Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 09/2009; 17(9):707-8.
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Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 01/2009; 16(12):950-1.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to investigate soft tissue and bone tissue reaction to titanium implants treated by a modified micro arc oxidation (MAO) technique, and analyze the surface components and implant-bone contact ratio by animal experiments to evaluate the osseointegration condition of implants with this modified MAO surface. MAO titanium plates were installed subcutaneously in rabbits. Tissue reaction was evaluated by HE sections. MAO titanium implants designed for endosseous examination were installed in Beagles' femurs. Bone tissue surrounding implants was analyzed histologically. Surfaces of retrieved implants were observed and examined by SEM and EDX. All procedures were performed under the control of untreated pure titanium implants. Thin homogeneous fibrous envelope could be found without apparent inflammation cells infiltration around the subcutaneously imbedded MAO titanium plates, which was almost same as control group. Fast osteoid deposition comprising high content of calcium, phosphor, carbon, and nitrogen elements was found on the retrieved MAO implant surfaces, while comparatively less amount of carbon and nitrogen elements were found on the retrieved implants of control group. Matured bone tissue comprising bone trabeculae and Haversian canals appeared in 8 weeks, while it took 12 weeks needed to form matured bone tissue in control group. In conclusion, MAO titanium materials shows good biocompatibility and calcium phosphate inducement capability in vivo and could accelerate bone tissue growth and shorten the osseointegration time.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials 08/2008; 86(1):162-9. · 2.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Small-for-size liver allografts without immunosuppression have decreased survival compared with full-for-size grafts for the concomitant regeneration-induced accelerated rejection. This study was designed to examine the effect of zinc finger protein A20 on liver allograft regeneration and acute rejection using a high responder rat model (DA-->Lewis) of 30% partial liver transplantation.
Adenovirus carrying the full length of A20 was introduced into liver grafts by ex vivo perfusion via the portal vein during preservation, physiological saline (PS), and empty Ad vector rAdEasy served as controls; then small-sized liver transplants were performed. Liver graft regeneration was assessed, as well as graft rejection, hepatocyte apoptosis, nuclear factor kappa B activation, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression in liver graft sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), infiltration of liver graft infiltrating mononuclear cells (LIMCs), and the subproportion of NK and NKT cells, activity of liver graft NK-like cells, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, and animal survival.
Ex vivo transfer of the A20 gene resulted in overexpression of A20 protein in LSECs and hepatocytes 24 h after partial liver transplantation. Regeneration of the small-sized liver allograft was augmented by A20 overexpression, the DNA synthesis of hepatocytes on d 4 post-transplant was increased in A20 group compared with PS and rAdEasy groups (P < 0.01). Hepatocyte apoptosis was inhibited by A20 (P < 0.001). On d 4 after transplantation, histological examination revealed a more exiguous cellular infiltration and mild rejection in A20 group but a more vigorous cellular infiltration in the sinusoidal area and more severe rejection in PS and rAdEasy group. Nuclear factor kappa B activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression in LSECs were suppressed by A20 overexpression. Flow cytometry analysis showed a marked down-regulation of LIMCs number by A20, including more prominent decrease in the subproportion of NK and NKT cells. Activity of liver graft NK-like cells, IFN-gamma mRNA expression in LIMCs, and serum IFN-gamma protein level were also suppressed by A20 overexpression (P < 0.05), respectively. Survival days of A20 rats were longer than those of PS rats and rAdEasy rats (P < 0.01), whereas survival days of rAdEasy rats were shorter than those of PS rats (P < 0.01).
These data suggest that A20 overexpression could effectively promote small-sized liver allograft regeneration, suppress rejection, and prolong survival of recipient rat. These effects of A20 could be related to an inhibition of LSECs activation, suppression of infiltration of LIMCs, and the subpopulations such as NK and NKT cells into liver graft, and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Journal of Surgical Research 07/2008; 152(1):35-45. · 2.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze effects of different thread helix angles and densities on the primary stability of immediately loaded implants using the three-dimensional finite element model analysis.
Five models of three-dimensional finite element (0.8 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.4 mm, double-threaded, and triple-threaded) were created using the commercial codes of Pro/E software, Hypermesh software, and ABAQUS software. In conditions of horizontal and vertical loading, the micro-motion of the finite element models with different thread helix angles and densities were computed with ABAQUS software.
Concerning different thread helix angles, the micro-motion of single-threaded implant was the minimum and that of the triple-threaded was the maximum with vertical and horizontal loading. The micro-motion of doubled-threaded implant was the minimum compared with thread pitch 1.6 mm and the micro-motion of triple-threaded implant was the minimum compared with thread pitch 2.4 mm with vertical and horizontal loading.
The thread helix angle and density of implants can greatly affect the vertical interfacial micro-motion. With increasing thread pitchs, the resistance of implant to vertical load is weakened; with increasing thread helix angle, the resistance of implant to vertical load is weakened; with increasing thread density, the resistance of implant to the vertical load is weakened.
Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology 11/2007; 42(10):618-21.
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ABSTRACT: To determine the jaw bone stress variation affected by cylinder implant diameter and length simultaneously in Ansys DesignXplorer module.
Finite element model of segment mandible with a cylinder implant was created. The range of the implant diameter (D) and length (L) were set from 2.5 mm to 5.0 mm and from 6.0 mm to 16.0 mm respectively. The maximum Von Mises stresses in jaw bone and sensitivity to D and L were evaluated.
Under axial (buccolingual) load, when one variable equaled to median, the amplification of maximum Von Mises stresses in cortical bone and cancellous bone were 44.66% (71.32%) and 51.45% (58.50%) respectively with the D increasing. The amplification of maximum Von Mises stresses in cortical bone and cancellous bone were 45.97% (21.66%) and 52.15% (37.75%) respectively with the L increasing. When D exceeded 3.7 mm and L exceeded 10.0 mm, the response curve curvatures of maximum Von Mises stresses to L and D in jaw bone ranged from -1 to 0. And the variation of the maximum Von Mises stresses in jaw bone was more sensitive to D than to L.
Stresses in jaw bone under buccolingual and axial load are apt to be affected by implant diameter and length respectively. And to a cylinder implant, the diameter exceeds 3.7 mm and length exceeds 10.0 mm are optimal selections. Diameter should pay more attention to than to length for cylinder implant. Expanding the width of the jaw bone is more important than expanding the height of the jaw bone in clinical experience.
Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology 09/2007; 25(4):358-61.
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ABSTRACT: To determine the optimal thread pitch for an experimental cylinder implant in Ansys Work-bench Design Xplorer environment.
Finite element models of segment jaw bone with a V-shaped thread implant were created. The thread pitch (P) was set from 0.5 mm to 1.6 mm. The maximum Equivalent stresses (EQV stresses) in jaw bone and in implant were evaluated.
Under axial load, the amplification of maximum EQV stresses in cortical bone, cancellous bone and implant were 7.1%, 123.4% and 28.7% respectively. Under bucco-lingual load, the amplification of maximum EQV stresses in cortical bone, cancellous bone and implant were 2.8%, 28.8% and 14.9% respectively. When P exceeded 0.8 mm, the response curve curvature of maximum EQV stresses in jaw bone and in implant to P was ranged from -1 to 1.
Stresses in cancellous bone are more sensitive to thread pitch than in cortical bone. Stresses in jaw bone under axial load are easier affected by thread pitch than under bucco-lingual load. Thread pitch plays a greater role in protecting dental implant under axial load than under bucco-lingual load. Thread pitch exceed 0.8 mm should be the optimal design in a cylinder implant, but oversized pitch should be avoided too.
Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology 01/2007; 24(6):509-12, 515.
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ABSTRACT: Multidrug resistance is a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. We examined whether the antisense RNA of multidrug resistance gene 1 (mdr1) could reverse multidrug resistance in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC7721/ADM.
The recombinant adenoviruses pAdEasy-GFP-ASmdr1 product was produced by the adenoviral vector AdEasy system, which can express antisense RNA against the mdr1 gene. Following that, the recombinant adenovirus was transfected into the P-glycoprotein-producing multidrug resistance cell line, SMMC7721/ADM human HCC cells resistant to adriamycin (ADM) and daunorubicin (DNR). In order to investigate the reversal of multidrug resistance phenotype, we measured the expression of mdr1 mRNA by RT-PCR and the production of P-glycoprotein by flow cytometry. The sensitivities for ADM and DNR SMMC7721/ADM cells were examined by [3-(4, 5-dimethylthi-azol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-terazolium bromide] (MTT) analysis.
The low-level expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein production were observed in parental sensitive cells SMMC/7721 in addition to the overexpression of mdr1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein in SMMC7721/ADM cells. The transfection of antisense-RNA into SMMC7721/ADM cells resulted in decreases of mdr1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein, but increase of drug sensitivities. The sensitivities of transfected SMMC7721/ADM cells to ADM and DNR in IC50 reduced by 31.25% and 62.96% respectively.
Mdr1 antisense RNA can increase the sensitivities of SMMC7721/ADM cells to anticancer drug by decreasing the expression of the mdr1 gene and inhibiting P-glycoprotein expression. This strategy may be applicable to cancer patients with P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistance.
Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international: HBPD INT 12/2006; 5(4):552-9. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the inhibitory effect of a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying antisense matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP2) on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in vivo.
The recombinant adenoviral vector carrying antisense MMP2(Ad-MMP2(AS))which had been constructed by us in readiness was used to infect the human HCC cell line (Bel-7402). Then the invasiveness of the Bel-7402 cells was assayed in Matrigel, and the production of MMP2 in the Bel-7402 cells was detected with Western blot analysis and Gelatin zymography. After the Ad-MMP2(AS)-infected Bel-7402 cells being subcutaneously inoculated in nude mice, the production of tumors was under observation, and then Ad-MMP2(AS) was injected intratumorally into the pre-existing tumors.
Compared with PBS or Ad-CMV-infected cells, infection of Bel-7402 cells with Ad-MMP2(AS) significantly reduced MMP2 enzyme activity, the invasiveness resulted in 52% reduction in Matrigel assays, and the tumor volume displayed a 4.3-fold reduction in nude mice. In addition, direct intratumoral injection of Ad-MMP2(AS) into pre-existing tumors significantly impaired the further expansion of the tumor mass and resulted in a 63% reduction in tumor cell growth.
The recombinant adenovirus with antisense MMP2 can effectively inhibit the invasiveness and growth of Bel-7402 cells in vitro and in vivo, and has a therapeutic potential for HCC.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 08/2006; 37(4):525-9.
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ABSTRACT: Multidrug resistance proteins serve as transporters for chemical drugs in human malignancies. The objective of this study was to construct a homologous recombinant adenovirus carrying a reversal fragment of multidrug resistance gene 1 (mdr1) gene cDNA sequence.
The fragment of the mdr1 gene from the plasmid pHaMDR1-1 carrying the whole human mdr1 cDNA sequence was inserted reversely into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV of adenoviral vector system AdEasy. The homologous recombination process was taken place in E. coli BJ5183 with the backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1. After packaging in 293 cells, recombinant adenoviral plasmid was generated. The recombinant adenoviral plasmid was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction endonucleases digest, DNA sequence analysis and fluorescence microscopic photograph, respectively.
The recombinant adenovirus pAdEasy-GFP-ASmdr1 was successfully constructed and identified by PCR, restriction digest, and sequencing with strong green fluorescence expression in fluorescence microscopic photograph.
The recombinant adenoviral mdr1 vector would introduce the antisense mdr1 gene into the human multidrug resistance hepatocellular cell line effectively, which would provide an experimental basis to study the multidrug resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international: HBPD INT 03/2006; 5(1):80-4. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the influences of bicortical anchorage on values of natural frequencies of dental implants utilizing the 3-dimensional finite element analysis.
Using the commercial code of Solidworks, 3-D models of a screw-shaped dental implant and a mandibular bone segment were generated. After the 3-D implant-bone complex was meshed by ABAQUS software, effects of bicortical anchorage on the buccolingual and axial first-order natural frequencies of the implant were computed.
Bicortical anchorage increased both the buccolingual and axial natural frequencies remarkably. As the bicortical anchorage got deeper, the frequencies correspondingly got higher.
Bicortical anchorage can increase the buccolingual and axial primary stability of dental implants.
Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology 03/2006; 24(1):86-8.
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ABSTRACT: To construct a recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors carrying double gene of antisense multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and antisense multidrug resistance (MDR1) for use in studying the gene therapy to reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The 500 bp fragment (mrp) of MRP cDNA 5' region and the 600 bp fragment (mdr1) of MDR1 cDNA 5' region were amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then they were linked to a combined gene fragment (mrp+mdrl) by overlapping technique. The combined gene fragment(mrp+mdrl) was cloned reversely into the multiple cloning site (MCS) of the expression plasmid pAAV-IRES-hrGFP in AAV Helper-Free System to construct the recombinant expression plasmid pAAV-IRES-hrGFP-(mrp + mdr1)AS. The packaging cell line (HEK 293 cell) was co-transfected with the pAAV-IRES-hrGFP-(mrp+mdr1)AS together with the control plasmid pAAV-RC and pHelper in AAV Helper-Free System by means of lipofectamine. The recombinant adeno-associated virus vector : rAAV2-(mrp+mdr1)AS carrying the double gene of antisense multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)and antisense multidrug resistance (MDR1) was packaged. Then the viral titer was checked by GFP.
The recombinant adeno-associated virus vector : rAAV2-(mrp + mdr1)AS carrying antisense MRP and antisense MDR1 was constructed successfully, the strong green fluorescence was observed in HEK 293 cells under a fluorescence microscope. The viral titer was 2.5 X 10(6) efu/ml.
The rAAV2-(mrp+mdr1)AS thus constructed could introduce the antisense MRP and antisense MDR1 into the human drug-resistant hepatocellular cell line effectively, which might provide a sound basis for the mechanisms and reversal methods of the multidrug resistance in HCC.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 12/2005; 36(6):765-9.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to research the clinical effects of a new improved implant-magnetic attachment bar framework supported the total maxillary prosthesis.
Nine patients underwent tumor resection with defect of bilateral maxilla, and after at least 1 year,4 implants was inserted into their bilateral zygomatics in every patient. A kind of new improved bar framework were fabricated with implants tightly. Based on these bar framework ,total maxillary prostheses were completed finally.
The new improved bar framework was utilized to support the prosthesis, it was observed that the prosthesis was more stable. All patients were satisfied with mastication, speech and appearance after wearing the prosthesis. The prosthesis demonstrated a significant improvement in function and esthetics.
It is concluded that from the practical point of view,the prosthesis with new bar framework is superior to the previous one, and its clinical prosperity is wide. But further studies are necessary to evaluate its long term effects.
Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology 11/2005; 14(5):459-62.
