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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab is associated with improvements in overall survival (OS) among patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC); however disease course and patterns of care in individual patients are highly variable. METHODS: 113 HER2-positive patients diagnosed with MBC from 1999 to 2005 who received trastuzumab-based therapy were retrospectively identified to allow for a minimum of 5 years of follow-up time. Median OS and median duration of therapy were determined using Kaplan-Meier methodology and group comparisons were based on the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) were obtained using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median OS was 3.5 years (95% CI 3.0-4.4) from time of initiation of first therapy in the metastatic setting. On univariate analysis, central nervous system (CNS) disease at first recurrence was associated with a shorter OS compared with liver and/or lung metastases or other sites (CNS: 1.9 years CI 0.1-5.9, liver/lung: 3.2 years CI 2.5-4.2, other: 4.6 years CI 2.7-8.0; p = 0.05), however, this was not predictive of survival outcome in multivariate analysis. CNS metastases developed in 62 (55%) patients by the time of death or last follow-up. Median duration of therapy was similar up to 6 lines of treatment, and ranged from 5.2 months to 7.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of HER2-positive MBC has evolved with trastuzumab-based therapy with median OS now exceeding 3 years. CNS disease is a major problem with continued risk of CNS progression over time. Patients demonstrate clinical benefit to multiple lines of HER2-directed therapy.
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 01/2013; · 2.09 Impact Factor
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Journal of Clinical Oncology 10/2012; · 18.37 Impact Factor
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Journal of Clinical Oncology 08/2012; 30(28):3448-51. · 18.37 Impact Factor
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Robert W Carlson,
D Craig Allred,
Benjamin O Anderson, Harold J Burstein,
Stephen B Edge,
William B Farrar,
Andres Forero,
Sharon Hermes Giordano,
Lori J Goldstein,
William J Gradishar, [......],
Elizabeth C Reed,
Mary Lou Smith,
Hatem Soliman,
George Somlo,
Richard L Theriault,
John H Ward,
Antonio C Wolff,
Richard Zellars,
Rashmi Kumar,
Dorothy A Shead
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ABSTRACT: These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight the important updates/changes specific to the management of metastatic breast cancer in the 2012 version of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Breast Cancer. These changes/updates include the issue of retesting of biomarkers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) on recurrent disease, new information regarding first-line combination endocrine therapy for metastatic disease, a new section on monitoring of patients with metastatic disease, and new information on endocrine therapy combined with an mTOR inhibitor as a subsequent therapeutic option.
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN 07/2012; 10(7):821-9. · 4.41 Impact Factor
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Kimberly L Blackwell, Harold J Burstein,
Anna Maria Storniolo,
Hope S Rugo,
George Sledge,
Gursel Aktan,
Catherine Ellis,
Allison Florance,
Svetislava Vukelja,
Joachim Bischoff,
José Baselga,
Joyce O'Shaughnessy
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ABSTRACT: Phase III EGF104900 data demonstrated that lapatinib plus trastuzumab significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical benefit rate versus lapatinib monotherapy, offering a chemotherapy-free option for patients with heavily pretreated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Final planned overall survival (OS) analysis from EGF104900 is reported here.
Patients with HER2-positive MBC whose disease progressed during prior trastuzumab-based therapies were randomly assigned to receive lapatinib monotherapy or lapatinib in combination with trastuzumab. OS and updated PFS data are presented using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests stratified for hormone receptor and visceral disease status. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify characteristics of patients deriving the greatest clinical benefit.
In this updated final analysis of all patients randomly assigned with strata (n = 291), lapatinib plus trastuzumab continued to show superiority to lapatinib monotherapy in PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.94; P = .011) and offered significant OS benefit (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.97; P = .026). Improvements in absolute OS rates were 10% at 6 months and 15% at 12 months in the combination arm compared with the monotherapy arm. Multiple baseline factors, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, nonvisceral disease, < three metastatic sites, and less time from initial diagnosis until random assignment, were associated with improved OS. Incidence of adverse events was consistent with previously reported rates.
These data demonstrated a significant 4.5-month median OS advantage with the lapatinib and trastuzumab combination and support dual HER2 blockade in patients with heavily pretreated HER2-positive MBC.
Journal of Clinical Oncology 06/2012; 30(21):2585-92. · 18.37 Impact Factor
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Journal of Clinical Oncology 05/2012; 30(18):2179-82. · 18.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Patient advocates are increasingly involved in cooperative group trials, single-institution cancer programs, and peer-review of research applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role and value of patient advocates from the perspective of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) advocates and investigators.
An online survey was sent to current and past (within 5 years) patient advocates and investigators. RESULTS.: Response rates were 72.7% (16 of 22) for advocates and 56.4% (102 of 181) for investigators. Patient advocates were more likely than investigators to report the following: the clinical trial process benefited from advocate involvement on committees (100% of advocates vs 72.1% of investigators; P < .05), advocates contribute to protocol development (92.8% vs 33.8%, respectively; P < .001), the cultural appropriateness of protocols (21.4% vs 10.4%, respectively; P < .05), advocates assist with patient accrual (78.6% vs 23.4%, respectively; P < .001), and advocates add value to concept development and protocol review (100% vs 63.2%, respectively; P < .001). Over half of advocates and investigators reported gaps in patient advocate knowledge and suggested that additional clinical trials training was needed. To improve clinical trials, advocates suggested their earlier involvement in protocol development and increased support from investigators. CALGB investigators recommended improving patient advocate selection and communication skills training:
The majority of patient advocates and investigators perceived benefits from advocate involvement in the clinical trials process; patient advocates placed more value on their role than investigators. The current results indicated that strategies to improve advocacy training and advocate-investigator communication may further enhance the role of patient advocates, and future studies that clarify the role of advocates in the prioritization and development of protocol, consent, and education materials, and on patient accrual, are warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cancer 03/2012; 118(19):4801-5. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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Journal of Clinical Oncology 03/2012; 30(7):684-6. · 18.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Empirical approaches brought about use of the once-promising CSRA. However, oncologists now know that most cancers are highly complex, and that even the same tumor type can harbor differing genetic abnormalities.
Journal of Oncology Practice 09/2011; 7(5):338-9.
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ABSTRACT: To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Technology Assessment guidelines on chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assays (CSRAs) published in 2004.
An Update Working Group reviewed data published between December 1, 2003, and May 31, 2010. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched. The literature search yielded 11,313 new articles. The limits for "human and English" were used, and then standard ASCO search strings for randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, guidelines, and reviews were added, yielding 1,298 articles for abstract review. Of these, only 21 articles met predefined inclusion criteria and underwent full text review, and five reports of randomized controlled trials were included for data extraction.
Review of the literature does not identify any CSRAs for which the evidence base is sufficient to support use in oncology practice.
The use of CSRAs to select chemotherapeutic agents for individual patients is not recommended outside of the clinical trial setting. Oncologists should make chemotherapy treatment recommendations based on published reports of clinical trials and a patient's health status and treatment preferences. Because the in vitro analytic strategy has potential importance, participation in clinical trials evaluating these technologies remains a priority.
Journal of Clinical Oncology 08/2011; 29(24):3328-30. · 18.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates neoplastic angiogenesis through production of endothelium-derived NO. We performed a prospective evaluation of vascular function during treatment with vandetanib, a vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 and 3 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to determine the effects of vascular endothelial growth receptor signal interruption on endothelial function in humans. Seventeen patients with stage IV breast cancer received dose-escalated vandetanib in combination with low-dose oral chemotherapy. We measured blood pressure, systemic nitrate/nitrite levels, and brachial artery vascular function. In vitro analyses of cultured endothelial cells were performed to determine the effect of vandetanib on NO production, akt(473) phosphorylation, and endothelial NO synthase protein content and membrane localization. Vandetanib treatment for 6 weeks significantly increased blood pressure, decreased resting brachial artery diameter, and decreased plasma systemic nitrate/nitrite levels compared with baseline. Flow-mediated vasodilation was preserved, and no change was noted in nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation. In vitro, endothelial cell nitrite levels and akt(473) phosphorylation were reduced and vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 levels did not change, but endothelial NO synthase membrane concentration doubled. Vandetanib reduces constitutive NO production and increases blood pressure, yet flow-stimulated NO bioavailability was preserved. Changes in vascular function with tyrosine kinase inhibition are complex and require further study in humans.
Hypertension 07/2011; 58(1):85-92. · 6.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The benefit of adding radiation therapy after excision of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is widely debated. Randomized clinical trials are underpowered to delineate long-term outcomes after radiation.
The authors of this report constructed a Markov decision model to simulate the clinical course of DCIS in a woman aged 60 years who received treatment with either of 2 breast-conserving strategies: excision alone or excision plus radiation therapy. Sensitivity analyses were used to study the influence of risk of local recurrence, likelihood of invasive disease at recurrence, surgical choice at recurrence, and patient age at diagnosis on treatment outcomes.
The addition of radiation therapy was associated with slight improvements in invasive disease-free and overall survival. However, radiation therapy decreased the chance of having both breasts intact over a patient's lifetime. Radiation therapy improved survival by 2.1 months for women who were diagnosed with DCIS at age 60 years but decreased the chance of having both breasts by 8.6% relative to excision alone. The differences in outcomes between the treatment strategies became smaller with increasing age at diagnosis. Sensitivity analyses revealed a greater benefit for radiation with an increased likelihood of invasive recurrence. The decrement in breast preservation with radiation therapy was mitigated by an increased likelihood of mastectomy at the time of recurrence or new breast cancer diagnosis.
The current analysis quantified the benefits of radiation after excision of DCIS but also revealed that radiation therapy may increase the likelihood of eventual mastectomy. Therefore, the authors concluded that patient age and preferences should be considered when making the decision to add or forgo radiation for DCIS.
Cancer 06/2011; 118(3):603-11. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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Harold J Burstein
Seminars in Oncology 06/2011; 38 Suppl 2:S1-2. · 3.50 Impact Factor
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Harold J Burstein
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ABSTRACT: Tumor resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Numerous pathways are under investigation to determine how best to target therapies to specific mutations in tumor biology and circumvent resistance. Agents in development include inhibitors of the poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway, such as iniparib, olaparib, and veliparib; the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitor everolimus; and the Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib. Research is ongoing to determine whether patients with specific biochemical attributes, such as the presence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, will have a better response to targeted therapy and whether targeted agents act synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents.
Seminars in Oncology 06/2011; 38 Suppl 2:S17-24. · 3.50 Impact Factor
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The Lancet 03/2011; 377(9769):878-80. · 38.28 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Bevacizumab is a treatment option in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Congestive heart failure (CHF) has been reported, although the overall incidence and relative risk (RR) of this complication remains unclear. We performed an up-to-date, comprehensive meta-analysis to determine the risk of serious CHF in patients with breast cancer receiving bevacizumab.
The databases of Medline were searched for articles from 1966 to March 2010. Abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium meetings were also searched for relevant clinical trials. Eligible studies include randomized trials with bevacizumab in patients with breast cancer. Adequate reporting of safety profile data was required for inclusion. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence, RR, and 95% CIs by using random-effects models.
A total of 3,784 patients were included. Overall incidence results for high-grade CHF in bevacizumab- and placebo-treated patients were 1.6% (95% CI, 1.0% to 2.6%) and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2% to 1.0%), respectively. The RR of CHF in bevacizumab-treated patients was 4.74 (95% CI, 1.66 to 11.18; P = .001) compared with placebo-treated ones. In subgroup analyses, there were no significant differences in CHF incidence or risk between patients treated with low-dose (2.5 mg/kg) versus high-dose (5 mg/kg) bevacizumab or among patients treated with different chemotherapy regimens. No evidence of publication bias was observed.
This is the first comprehensive report to show that bevacizumab is associated with an increased risk of significant heart failure in patients with breast cancer.
Journal of Clinical Oncology 02/2011; 29(6):632-8. · 18.37 Impact Factor
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Robert W Carlson,
D Craig Allred,
Benjamin O Anderson, Harold J Burstein,
W Bradford Carter,
Stephen B Edge,
John K Erban,
William B Farrar,
Andres Forero,
Sharon Hermes Giordano, [......],
Ingrid A Mayer,
Beryl McCormick,
Lori J Pierce,
Elizabeth C Reed,
Jasgit Sachdev,
Mary Lou Smith,
George Somlo,
John H Ward,
Antonio C Wolff,
Richard Zellars
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ABSTRACT: Overview These NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Breast Cancer are the work of the members of the NCCN Breast Cancer Panel. Categories of evidence and consensus were assessed and are noted in the algorithms and text. Although not explicitly stated at every decision point of the NCCN Guidelines, patient participation in prospective clinical trials is the preferred option of treatment for all stages of breast cancer. The full breast cancer guidelines are not printed in this issue of JNCCN, but can be accessed online at www.NCCN.org. The American Cancer Society estimated that 209,060 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed and 40,230 people died of breast cancer in the United States in 2010.(1) In addition, approximately 54,010 women were diagnosed with carcinoma in situ of the breast during the same year. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States and is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer death. The incidence of breast cancer has increased steadily in the United States over the past few decades, but breast cancer mortality seems to be declining,(1,2) suggesting a benefit from early detection and more effective treatment. The cause of most breast cancer cases is unknown. However, numerous risk factors for the disease have been established, including female gender, increasing patient age, family history of breast cancer at a young age, early menarche, late menopause, older age at first live birth, prolonged hormone replacement therapy, previous exposure to therapeutic chest...
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN 02/2011; 9(2):136-222. · 4.41 Impact Factor
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Robert W Carlson,
D Craig Allred,
Benjamin O Anderson, Harold J Burstein,
W Bradford Carter,
Stephen B Edge,
John K Erban,
William B Farrar,
Andres Forero,
Sharon Hermes Giordano, [......],
Ingrid A Mayer,
Beryl McCormick,
Lori J Pierce,
Elizabeth C Reed,
Mary Lou Smith,
George Somlo,
Neal S Topham,
John H Ward,
Eric P Winer,
Antonio C Wolff
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ABSTRACT: Overview The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Breast Cancer: Noninvasive and Special Situations presented here are the work of the NCCN Breast Cancer panel members. Categories of evidence and consensus were assessed and are noted in the algorithms and text. Although not explicitly stated at every decision point of the guidelines, patient participation in prospective clinical trials is the preferred option of treatment for all stages of breast cancer. These NCCN Guidelines focus on noninvasive breast cancer and special situations, such as Paget's disease, phyllodes tumor, breast cancer during pregnancy, and axillary breast cancer. Another NCCN guideline addresses invasive breast cancer (see NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology [NCCN Guidelines] for Breast Cancer: Invasive and Inflammatory; to view the complete and most recent version of these guidelines, visit the NCCN Web site at www.NCCN.org). The American Cancer Society estimates that 194,280 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed and 40,610 died of the disease in the United States in 2009.(1) In addition, approximately 62,280 women were diagnosed with carcinoma in situ of the breast during the same year. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States and is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer death. The incidence of breast cancer has increased steadily in the United States over the past few decades, but breast cancer mortality seems to be declining,(1,2) suggesting a benefit from early detection and more effective treatment. The origin of most breast cancer...
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN 11/2010; 8(10):1182-207. · 4.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: ASCO's technology assessment of the use of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant setting was last updated in 2004. ASCO's Update Committee on Aromatase Inhibitors reconvened in May 2009 to update this guideline.
Journal of Oncology Practice 09/2010; 6(5):243-6.
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Harold J Burstein,
Ann Alexis Prestrud,
Jerome Seidenfeld,
Holly Anderson,
Thomas A Buchholz,
Nancy E Davidson,
Karen E Gelmon,
Sharon H Giordano,
Clifford A Hudis,
Jennifer Malin,
Eleftherios P Mamounas,
Diana Rowden,
Alexander J Solky,
Maryfran R Sowers,
Vered Stearns,
Eric P Winer,
Mark R Somerfield,
Jennifer J Griggs
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ABSTRACT: To develop evidence-based guidelines, based on a systematic review, for endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
A literature search identified relevant randomized trials. Databases searched included MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, the Cochrane Collaboration Library, and those for the Annual Meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS). The primary outcomes of interest were disease-free survival, overall survival, and time to contralateral breast cancer. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and quality of life. An expert panel reviewed the literature, especially 12 major trials, and developed updated recommendations.
An adjuvant treatment strategy incorporating an aromatase inhibitor (AI) as primary (initial endocrine therapy), sequential (using both tamoxifen and an AI in either order), or extended (AI after 5 years of tamoxifen) therapy reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence compared with 5 years of tamoxifen alone. Data suggest that including an AI as primary monotherapy or as sequential treatment after 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen yields similar outcomes. Tamoxifen and AIs differ in their adverse effect profiles, and these differences may inform treatment preferences.
The Update Committee recommends that postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer consider incorporating AI therapy at some point during adjuvant treatment, either as up-front therapy or as sequential treatment after tamoxifen. The optimal timing and duration of endocrine treatment remain unresolved. The Update Committee supports careful consideration of adverse effect profiles and patient preferences in deciding whether and when to incorporate AI therapy.
Journal of Clinical Oncology 08/2010; 28(23):3784-96. · 18.37 Impact Factor
