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Journal of Neurology 04/2013; · 3.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Although it is hypothesized that inflammatory signals and/or hemodynamic stress resulting from carotid disease increase the risk of aneurysm formation and growth, a relationship between intracranial aneurysms and extracranial carotid artery disease (ECAD) has not been explored. Here, we examined the characteristics of intracranial aneurysms associated with ECAD. METHODS: A total of 606 consecutive patients with stenosis of 50% or more of the proximal internal carotid artery (pICA) were enrolled. Stenosis was identified by conventional angiography between January 2003 and December 2009. We determined the prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in this population. The characteristics of the aneurysms were analyzed according to the degree and laterality of stenosis. The changes in the aneurysms were tracked for the evaluation of stability. RESULTS: In 86 patients (14.2%), 120 aneurysms were detected in association with pICA stenosis. In this group, 97 were associated with unilateral pICA stenosis. The distribution of aneurysms was independent of the laterality of stenosis, but aneurysms were more prevalent in the contralateral side as the stenosis grade increased (P<0.001). All aneurysms with an imaging follow-up (28.9±14.3 months) were stable, and the course was not affected by treatment of the carotid stenosis. In 23 aneurysms associated with bilateral pICA stenosis, there was only one case that increased in size during a 41-month period. CONCLUSION: Intracranial aneurysms were most likely associated with ECAD, but were evenly distributed irrespective of the laterality of the stenosis. The distribution was related to the severity of the contralateral pICA stenosis. The low incidence of aneurysm growth or rupture in patients with significant ECAD indicates that these aneurysms do not require immediate intervention more than other conditions.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 03/2013; · 1.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Since its establishment in 1982, the Korean Neurological Association (KNA) has demonstrated stable growth over the last 3 decades, and a lot of effort has been made to take the KNA to a global level. During this period of transition, the KNA has held a number of regular domestic conferences and several international conferences, conferred academic support to members, and issued domestic and international journals. The KNA has grown to about 1,800 members, and has many subspecialties and related societies. The quantitative and qualitative growth of the KNA has led to the remarkable development of the neurology and neuroscience fields in Korea. This article outlines the clinical, academic, and scientific development of the KNA, its present activities, and current concerns in Korea, having overcome the devastation of occupation and war to rapidly become a modern and developed state.
Neurology 03/2013; 80(12):1145-1147. · 8.31 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an idiopathic progressive narrowing of distal internal carotid arteries and secondary development of small collaterals.(1) The distinction between MMD and intracranial atherosclerosis is not easy when a patient has concomitant vascular risk factors. We attempted to differentiate the 2 disease conditions by applying high-resolution plaque MRI in the occluded segment.(2) High-resolution MRI of MMD disclosed blunted obliteration of the vessel lumen without eccentric plaque, and black-blood image delineated the occlusion site with homogeneous material and multiple spring-like vascular structures (figure, A). Intracranial atherosclerosis showed eccentric plaque with heterogeneous signals and enhancement (figure, B).
Neurology 02/2013; 80(8):775-6. · 8.31 Impact Factor
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Daejong Jeon,
Kon Chu,
Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung,
Jae-Jun Ban,
Dong-Kyu Park,
Hye-Jin Yoon,
Seungmoon Jung,
Hyunwoo Yang,
Byung Sun Kim,
Ji Ye Choi,
So Hee Kim,
Jeong-Min Kim,
Chong-Hyun Won,
Manho Kim,
Sang Kun Lee,
Jae-Kyu Roh
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ABSTRACT: A recent study suggested that a cell-free extract of human adipose stem cells (hASCs-E) has beneficial effects on neurological diseases by modulating the host environment. Here, we investigated the effects of an hASCs-E in several experimental models of stroke in vitro (oxygen and glucose deprivation, OGD) and in vivo (transient or permanent focal cerebral ischemia and intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH). Ischemia was induced in vitro in Neuro2A cells, and the hASCs-E was applied 24 hour before the OGD or concurrently. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by unilateral intraluminal thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats for 90 minutes or permanently, or by unilateral MCA microsurgical direct electrocoagulation in mice. The ICH model was induced with an intracerebral injection of collagenase in rats. The hASCs-E was intraperitoneally administered 1 hour after the stroke insults. Treatment of the hASCs-E led to a substantially high viability in the lactate dehydrogenase and WST-1 assays in the in vitro ischemic model. The cerebral ischemic and ICH model treated with hASCs-E showed decreased ischemic volume and reduced brain water content and hemorrhage volume. The ICH model treated with hASCs-E exhibited better performance on the modified limb placing test. The expression of many genes related to inflammation, immune response, and cell-death were changed substantially in the ischemic rats or neuronal cells treated with the hASCs-E. These results reveal a neuroprotective role of hASCs-E in animal models of stroke, and suggest the feasible application of stem cell-based, noninvasive therapy for treating stroke.
Neurobiology of Disease 01/2013; · 5.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cancer related stroke may have different phenotypes from non-cancer stroke, especially in terms of stroke progression and recurrence. We performed a case-control study to identify their incidences and risk factors in cancer related stroke. Between January 2001 and December 2009, we conducted a retrospective review of acute ischemic stroke patients with cancer who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The stroke patients without cancer served as control. We collected demographic variables, vascular risk factors, stroke phenotype, clinical course, and cancer information including diagnosis, stage, and treatment status. Among cancer stroke patients, the potential risk factor of stroke recurrence was evaluated. The mean age of the 102 cancer patients was 66.4 ± 10.8 years, and 64.7 % were men. The mean time interval from cancer diagnosis to stroke onset was 39.7 ± 60.9 months. The principal lesion pattern of cancer stroke was multiple dots extending single vascular territory (39.2 %), and they were associated with low hemoglobin and high fibrinogen levels. Stroke progression and recurrence were noted in 9.8 and 27.5 % of cancer stroke patients, and in 9.3 and 12.7 % of control patients, respectively. The stroke subtype was independently associated with recurrence of cancer stroke after multiple logistic regression (odds ratio = 3.165, 95 % confidence interval = 1.080-9.277, p = 0.036). Cancer related stroke has a distinct phenotype in terms of infarction pattern and laboratory findings. Stroke recurrence is frequently observed among cancer stroke patients, and its risk is related with stroke subtype.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 01/2013; · 3.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Atypical absence epilepsy (AAE) showing slow spike-and-wave discharges (SWD) is characterized by severely abnormal cognition and neurodevelopmental or neurological outcomes in humans. However, despite the severe behavioral outcomes in AAE, the relationship between AAE and social-behavioral dysfunctions has not defined well, either experimentally or in patients with AAE. Experimentally, AAE can be produced by administering AY-9944 (AY), a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. In this study, we characterized social behavior in the AY mouse model of AAE. AAE in the mouse was induced by repeated postnatal administration of AY every 6 days from postnatal day (P) 2 to P20. AY-treated mice exhibited spontaneous, recurrent, and synchronous SWD (4-5Hz) in electroencephalographic recordings. AY-treated mice performed tasks involving sociability/social novelty preference, social interaction with a juvenile conspecific, observational fear, and resident-intruder aggression. They showed behavioral dysfunction in social interactions with a juvenile conspecific and sociability/social novelty preference tasks. They also exhibited reduced social fear learning in observational fear conditioning. Interestingly, they showed increased levels of offensive behaviors in a resident-intruder task. However, AY-treated mice displayed normal levels of anxiety in light/dark transition and the elevated plus maze tasks, and showed slightly increased locomotor activity in an open-field task. These results demonstrate social dysfunction in the AY-induced AAE model. Our study of social behavior can also provide valuable information about Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, in which AAE is a component. Thus, our findings may help to understand behavioral pathogenesis or characteristics of patients with AAE.
Behavioural brain research 08/2012; 236(1):23-9. · 3.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerosis is associated with recurrent ischemic stroke. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can provide information about atheroma in vivo including plaque volume, composition, and activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate atherosclerosis activity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and determine its relationship with infarction patterns. DESIGN Patients with MCA territory infarction or transient ischemic attack were enrolled and 3-T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed in the relevant MCA. We analyzed the status of the intracranial atheroma and infarction pattern in the corresponding vascular territory. Intracranial atheroma was defined as vulnerable symptomatic plaque when it was accompanied by intraplaque heterogeneous signal intensity and plaque enhancement, and as a stable symptomatic plaque otherwise. Cerebral infarction pattern was defined as artery-to-artery embolic infarction when multiple lesions were present within the MCA territory. SETTING A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS A total of 34 patients were enrolled in the study; 14 patients had stable symptomatic plaque, 12 had vulnerable symptomatic plaque, and 8 had no plaque (normal group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intracranial atheroma stability and infarction pattern. RESULTS High-resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired from 34 patients, which revealed the presence of stable symptomatic plaque in 14 patients and vulnerable symptomatic plaque in 12 patients. The patients with vulnerable symptomatic plaque more commonly demonstrated an artery-to-artery embolic infarction pattern than the patients with stable symptomatic plaque (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Vulnerable symptomatic plaque as determined by a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging technique is associated with artery-to-artery embolic infarction. This novel imaging technique can provide information about intracranial atherosclerosis in vivo, which can predict the infarction pattern.
Archives of neurology 08/2012; · 6.31 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Paradoxical longevity in obese patients with established disease has been documented in various conditions. We aimed to find whether such a relationship exists in ischemic stroke patients, with stratified analyses according to time of death after stroke, age, and cause of death.
The Korean Stroke Registry (KSR) is a nationwide, multicenter, prospective registry of acute stroke. For 7.5 years, data on 34,132 patients with acute ischemic stroke were collected through KSR, and their mortality information was ascertained through a governmental statistical office. We assessed relative hazard of mortality according to obesity status.
Stroke survivors whose body mass index (BMI) values were lower than the chosen reference level of 20-23 had increased risks of long-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR] of 1.36 and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.25-1.48 for BMI ≤18.5; HR of 1.14 and 95% CI of 1.03-1.26 for BMI 18.5-20), whereas obese stroke patients had decreased risks of mortality (HR of 0.83 and 95% CI of 0.74-0.92 for BMI 27.5-30; HR of 0.77 and 95% CI of 0.63-0.93 for BMI 30-32.5). Inverse association between obesity status and mortality was not evident until 90 days after stroke but became significant 1 year after onset of stroke. Such an association was more prominent in stroke patients who were less than 65 years old, but it remained constant in all age groups. The paradoxical relationship remained significant, regardless of causes of death.
Our results documented obesity paradox in stroke survivors, regardless of age and causes of death, and it became evident a sufficient time after stroke onset.
Neurology 08/2012; 79(9):856-63. · 8.31 Impact Factor
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Soon-Tae Lee,
Kon Chu, Keun-Hwa Jung,
Jin Hee Kim,
Ji-Young Huh,
Hyejin Yoon,
Dong-Kyu Park,
Ji-Yeon Lim,
Jeong-Min Kim,
Daejong Jeon,
Hoon Ryu,
Sang Kun Lee,
Manho Kim,
Jae-Kyu Roh
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ABSTRACT: Alzheimer disease (AD) brains are deficient in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which regulates synaptic plasticity and memory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22-nucleotide small noncoding RNAs that control a variety of physiological and disease processes. Here, we show that miR-206 regulates BDNF and memory function in AD mice.
Expression of miRNAs was analyzed in Tg2576 AD transgenic mice and human AD brain samples. Regulation of BDNF by a selected miRNA was validated by in silico prediction, target gene luciferase assay, and dendritic spine responses in neurons. AM206, a neutralizing inhibitor of miR-206 (antagomir), was injected into the third ventricle of Tg2576 mice, after which memory function, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and target gene expression were assessed. For noninvasive delivery, antagomirs were administered intranasally.
The brains of Tg2576 mice and the temporal cortex of human AD brains had increased levels of miR-206. This miRNA targeted BDNF transcripts, and AM206 prevented the detrimental effects of amyloid-β42 on BDNF and dendritic spine degeneration in Tg2576 neurons. Injection of AM206 into the cerebral ventricles of AD mice increased the brain levels of BDNF and improved their memory function. In parallel, AM206 enhanced the hippocampal synaptic density and neurogenesis. Furthermore, intranasally administered AM206 also reached the brain and increased BDNF levels and memory function in AD mice.
Our findings demonstrate a novel miRNA-dependent regulation of BDNF in AD and suggest possible therapeutic approaches, such as noninvasive intranasal delivery of AM206.
Annals of Neurology 08/2012; 72(2):269-77. · 11.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Metabolic encephalopathy is a rare but serious complication of valproic acid (VPA) therapy that usually presents with impaired consciousness or increased seizure frequency. Although it has been suggested that topiramate (TPM) increases the risk of VPA-induced encephalopathy, the additional risk in patients receiving TPM therapy has not been evaluated. We reviewed all adult patients who took VPA between January 2005 and February 2009 at the Seoul National University Hospital and identified patients with VPA-induced encephalopathy based on clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) data. Information on sex, age, serum ammonia level, serum VPA level, liver function test, and EEG was collected from patient registry and medical data. We enrolled 8,372 patients who received VPA therapy and 1,236 patients who received VPA/TPM combination therapy. We identified 11 patients with VPA-induced encephalopathy (0.13%), 7 of whom received a combination therapy of VPA and TPM. The odds ratio of VPA-induced encephalopathy with TPM over that without TPM was 10.16. There were no significant differences in sex distribution, number of antiepileptic agents, ammonia level, VPA serum level, underlying diseases, dosage of VPA, duration of VPA treatment, treatment of encephalopathy, and outcomes between the two groups. Our study showed that the prevalence of VPA-induced encephalopathy is approximately 0.1% among patients treated with VPA and that the risk of this condition, although still low, can increase by approximately 10 times in the presence of TPM therapy. Based on these results, we suggest that TPM should be carefully used in patients receiving VPA treatment.
Epilepsia 06/2012; · 3.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Intra-arterial (IA) thrombolytic intervention for acute thrombosis has been challenged due to the risk of bleeding during the endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms. We present the results of IA tirofiban infusion for thromboembolic complications during coil embolization in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Thromboembolic events requiring thrombolytic intervention occurred in 39 (10.5%) cases during coil embolization of 372 consecutive ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Maximal aneurysm diameters of 39 patients (mean age, 54.7 ± 13.2 years; 23 female, 16 male) ranged from 2.1 to 13.1mm (mean, 6.6 ± 3.0mm). The anterior communicating artery was the most common site (n=13), followed by the middle cerebral artery (n=9) and the posterior communicating artery (n=7). In this series, we used intracranial stents in 10 patients during the procedure. Superselective IA tirofiban infusion through a microcatheter was performed to resolve thrombi and emboli. We assessed the efficacy and safety of IA tirofiban infusion in patients with ruptured aneurysms.
Intraarterially administered tirofiban doses ranged from 0.25 to 1.25mg (mean, 0.71 ± 0.26 mg). Effective thrombolysis or recanalization was achieved in 34 patients (87.2%), and three patients (7.7%) suffered distal migration of clots with partial recanalization. The rest (5.1%) had no recanalization. Nonconsequent intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in two patients (5.1%) after the procedure. Thromboemboli-related cerebral infarction developed in eight patients, and only two patients remained infarction related disabilities.
IA tirofiban infusion seems to be efficacious and safe for thrombolysis during coil embolization in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
European journal of radiology 06/2012; 81(10):2833-8. · 2.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A dynamic change in industry, lifestyle, and healthcare structure brings a corresponding change in disease patterns. Limited data exist with respect to secular trends in stroke epidemiology in Korea, a rapidly developed country.
We analyzed individual patient data registered the Korean Stroke Registry, a nationwide hospital-based stroke database, between January 2002 and November 2010. Mortality data were obtained from a national death certificate system. Linear or logistic regression analyses were performed to assess secular trends. A total of 46 098 patients were included in this study. Mean ± SD age was 66.1 ± 12.3 years, and 57.6% of the patients were men. Over the 9-year period, patient ages steadily increased by 0.24 year annually (P<0.001). Risk factor proportions of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and prior stroke declined slightly (P<0.05 for all). However, dyslipidemia frequency showed a complex pattern of an initial decline and then an increase. For relative proportions of subtypes, cardioembolism increased, small vessel occlusion decreased, and large artery atherosclerosis remained stable. Still, intracranial stenosis overwhelms extracranial stenosis, but extracranial stenosis is on the rise. Arrival within 3 hours increased from 20% to 29%, and reperfusion therapy increased from 5.3% to 7.0%. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality did not decrease at 30 days but decreased at 1 year over time.
During the first decade of 21st century, stroke characteristics in Korea changed, likely because of increased lifespan, westernized lifestyle, and improved public awareness. Stroke experts need to cope with these distinguishing trends to establish a better strategy for prevention and acute therapy.
Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 04/2012; 5(3):327-34. · 4.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We describe a 47-year-old woman who presented with palinopsia and subacute altered mental change after cefditoren pivoxil administration. The patient showed characteristic clinical manifestations of hypocarnitinemia, which affected her state of consciousness and she had radiologic findings that revealed metabolic encephalopathy with cytotoxic edema in the right occipital area and intracranial hemorrhages in right occipital and left frontal areas. Follow-up imaging after oral carnitine supplementation demonstrated complete resolution of the bilateral frontal subcortical T2 high-intensity lesions. Carnitine deficiency due to cefditoren pivoxil treatment may present as metabolic encephalopathy in adults. This possibility should be considered with the differential diagnosis of encephalopathies, and carnitine levels should be checked in patients treated with cefditoren pivoxil.
Neurological Sciences 01/2012; · 1.32 Impact Factor
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Soon-Tae Lee,
Kon Chu, Keun-Hwa Jung,
Jeong-Min Kim,
Hye-Jin Moon,
Jae-Jun Bahn,
Woo-Seok Im,
Junsang Sunwoo,
Jangsup Moon,
Manho Kim,
Sang Kun Lee,
Jae-Kyu Roh
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ABSTRACT: Activated endothelial cells release plasma membrane submicron vesicles expressing CD62E (E-selectin) into blood, known as endothelial microparticles (EMPs). We studied whether the levels of endothelial microparticles expressing CD62E(+), CD31(+)/Annexin-V(+), or CD31(+)/CD42(-) predict cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stroke history.
Patients with stroke history at least 3 months prior to enrolment were recruited. Peripheral blood EMP levels were measured by flow cytometry. Major cardiovascular events and death were monitored for 36 months. Three hundred patients were enrolled, of which 298 completed the study according to protocol. Major cardiovascular events occurred in 29 patients (9.7%). Nine patients died, five from cardiovascular causes. Cumulative event-free survival rates were lower in patients with high levels of CD62E(+) microparticles. Multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, medications and stroke etiologic groups showed an association between a high CD62E(+) microparticle level and a risk of major cardiovascular events and hospitalization. Levels of other kinds of EMPs expressing CD31(+)/Annexin-V(+) or CD31(+)/CD42(-) markers were not predictive of cardiovascular outcomes.
A high level of CD62E(+) microparticles is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with stroke history, suggesting that the systemic endothelial activation increases the risk for cardiovascular morbidities.
PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(4):e35713. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Neurovascular degeneration contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because erythropoietin (EPO) promotes endothelial regeneration, we investigated the therapeutic effects of EPO in animal models of AD. In aged Tg2576 mice, EPO receptors (EPORs) were expressed in the cortex and hippocampus. Tg2576 mice were treated with daily injection of EPO (5000 IU/kg/day) for 5 days. At 14 days, EPO improved contextual memory as measured by fear-conditioning test. EPO enhanced endothelial proliferation and the level of synaptophysin expression in the brain. EPO also increased capillary density, and decreased the level of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in the brain, while decreasing in the amount of amyloid plaque and amyloid-β (Aβ). In cultured human endothelial cells, EPO enhanced angiogenesis and suppressed the expression of the RAGE. These results show that EPO improves memory and ameliorates endothelial degeneration induced by Aβ in AD models. This pre-clinical evidence suggests that EPO may be useful for the treatment of AD.
Journal of Neurochemistry 01/2012; 120(1):115-24. · 4.06 Impact Factor
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Jae-Jun Ban, Keun-Hwa Jung,
Kon Chu,
Soon-Tae Lee,
Daejong Jeon,
Kyung-Il Park,
Hye-Jin Moon,
Hyeyun Kim,
Sunghun Kim,
Sang Kun Lee,
Jae-Kyu Roh
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ABSTRACT: About one third of patients with epilepsy become refractory to therapy despite receiving adequate medical treatment, possibly from multidrug resistance. P-glycoprotein, encoded by multidrug resistance protein-1 (MDR1) gene, at the blood brain barrier is considered as a major factor mediating drug efflux and contributing to resistance. Given that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) express MDR1, we investigated a MDR1 status of PBMNCs in various subsets of epilepsy patients and demonstrated their association with clinical characteristics.
Clinical and MDR1 data were collected from 140 patients with epilepsy, 30 healthy volunteers, and 20 control patients taking anti-epileptic drugs. PBMNCs were isolated, and basal MDR1 levels and MDR1 conformational change levels were measured by flow cytometry. MDR1 profiles were analyzed according to various clinical parameters, including seizure frequency and number of medications used in epilepsy patients. Epilepsy patients had a higher basal MDR1 level than non-epilepsy groups (p<0.01). Among epilepsy patients, there is a tendency for higher seizure frequency group to have higher basal MDR1 level (p = 0.059). The MDR1 conformational change level was significantly higher in the high-medication-use group than the low-use group (p = 0.028). Basal MDR1 (OR = 1.16 [95% CI: 1.060-1.268]) and conformational change level (OR = 1.11 [95% CI: 1.02-1.20]) were independent predictors for seizure frequency and number of medications, respectively.
The MDR1 profile of PBMNCs is associated with seizure frequency and medication conditions in patients with epilepsy.
PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(5):e36985. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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Daejong Jeon,
Kon Chu,
Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung,
Kyung-Mook Kang,
Jae-Joon Ban,
Soyun Kim,
Jin Soo Seo,
Chong-Hyun Won,
Manho Kim,
Sang Kun Lee,
Jae-Kyu Roh
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ABSTRACT: Stem cell-based therapies are being considered for various neurologic diseases, such as epilepsy. Recent studies have suggested that some effects of transplanted stem cells are due to bystander effects that modulate the host environment, rather than direct effects of cell replacement. The extract from human adipose stem cells (ASCs) that secrete multiple growth factors including cytokines and chemokines may be a potential source of bystander effects for the treatment of epilepsy, in which inflammation is thought to play an important role. Here, we investigated the effects of a cytosolic extract of human ASCs (ASCs-E) in a mouse model of epilepsy.
Human ASCs-E, boiled ASCs-E, or fibroblast-extract (fibroblast-E) was intraperitoneally administrated to C57BL/6 mice 15 min before pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) or during chronic epileptic stage. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage was evaluated by measuring Evans blue dye extravasation. Spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) was investigated by long-term video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. The mice performed elevated plus maze, open-field, light/dark transition, and novel object recognition tasks.
Acute application of human ASCs-E before SE led to earlier attenuation of seizure spike activities after treatment with diazepam, reduction of BBB leakage, and inhibition of the development of epilepsy. Human ASCs-E treatment (for 7 days) during the chronic epileptic stage suppressed SRS and reduced abnormal epileptic behavioral phenotypes. However, neither boiled ASCs-E nor fibroblast-E had any effects in the experimental epilepsy model.
Our results demonstrate that human ASCs-E prevents or inhibits epileptogenesis and SRS in mice. They also suggest a stem cell-based, noninvasive therapy for the treatment of epilepsy.
Epilepsia 07/2011; 52(9):1617-26. · 3.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Nitrite therapy is more effective in cerebral ischemia when administered earlier. It would be beneficial during the hyperacute stages of stroke if the nitrite effect is demonstrated in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). When nitrite is injected intravenously 3h after ICH induction in rats, most doses of nitrite provided no beneficial effects on behavioral deficits, brain edema and hematoma volumes. A high dose of nitrite, however, decreased hematoma volume, but not brain edema. Peri-hematomal apoptosis and inflammation were similar between the control and nitrite groups. Nitrite therapy may be considered a therapeutic option in hyperacute stroke because nitrite therapy is tolerated in ICH as well.
Neurochemistry International 06/2011; 59(1):5-9. · 2.86 Impact Factor
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Soon-Tae Lee,
Kon Chu,
Hyun-Jung Oh,
Woo-Seok Im,
Ji-Yeon Lim,
Seung-Ki Kim,
Cheol-Ki Park, Keun-Hwa Jung,
Sang Kun Lee,
Manho Kim,
Jae-Kyu Roh
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ABSTRACT: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs comprising 21-23 nucleotides that regulate gene expression by transcriptionally repressing their complementary mRNAs. In particular, let-7 miRNA has been postulated to function as a tumor suppressor in various cancer cells, but not yet in glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumorigenic effect of let-7 miRNA in glioblastoma cells. Human glioblastoma cells (U251 or U87 cells) were transfected with let-7 miRNA and assayed for in-vitro proliferation, migration, and in-vivo tumor formation. Transfection of let-7 miRNA reduced expression of pan-RAS, N-RAS, and K-RAS in the glioblastoma cells. Let-7 miRNA also reduced the in-vitro proliferation and migration of the cells, and reduced the sizes of the tumors produced after transplantation into nude mice. However, let-7 miRNA exerted no effect on the proliferation of normal human astrocytes. These results indicate that let-7 miRNA has an anti-tumorigenic effect on glioblastoma cells, and suggest possible use of let-7 miRNA for treating glioblastoma.
Journal of Neuro-Oncology 03/2011; 102(1):19-24. · 3.21 Impact Factor
