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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines recommend that patients with definite unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) receive dual antiplatelet therapy on presentation to the hospital when undergoing early invasive management or "as soon as possible" after admission when being managed conservatively. The guidelines do not specify whether these medications should be administered in the emergency department (ED). Our aim was to determine whether ED administration of a thienopyridine was associated with clinical outcomes among patients with NSTEMI. METHODS: We examined thienopyridine use in 39454 patients with NSTEMI who received a thienopyridine within 24 hours of presentation in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network-Get With The Guidelines Registry from January 2007 to June 2010. Patients who were not seen initially in the ED, were transferred in, or were missing time data were excluded. We analyzed the association between ED administration of thienopyridines and outcomes and patient demographics. RESULTS: Of the cohort receiving a thienopyridine within 24 hours, 9534 (24.2%) received it in the ED. Emergency department administration of a thienopyridine was not associated with in-hospital major bleeding (multivariable adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.09) or in-hospital mortality (adjusted 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.20). Independent predictors most strongly associated with ED thienopyridine administration were elevated troponin, ED length of stay, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and initial electrocardiogram showing ischemic changes. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between ED thienopyridine administration and in-hospital major bleeding or mortality. Emergency department length of stay, electrocardiographic changes, and elevated troponin were associated with ED thienopyridine administration.
The American journal of emergency medicine 05/2013; · 1.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The benefit of an invasive strategy in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was established from randomized trials that included few anemic patients. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, therapies, and mortality of patients with NSTEMIs who undergo an invasive strategy in relation to their admission hemoglobin levels. Data from 73,067 patients with NSTEMIs who underwent cardiac catheterization and who were captured by the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines (ACTION-GWTG) were examined. Patients were divided into 3 hemoglobin groups on the basis of initial hemoglobin level: (1) <10 g/dl, (2) 10 to 12 g/dl, or (3) >12 g/dl. Patients with hemoglobin <10 g/dl had more co-morbidities and more 3-vessel coronary artery disease at catheterization compared with those with hemoglobin >12 g/dl (46.2% vs 33.9%, all p values <0.0001). They received fewer acute antithrombotic therapies, less often underwent revascularization (57.4% vs 74.1%), and had higher rates of red blood cell transfusion before catheterization (32.1% vs 0.3%, all p values <0.0001). After adjustment, in-hospital mortality was inversely associated with initial hemoglobin, with a 7% increase for each 1 g/dl decrease in hemoglobin lower than 15 g/dl (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.11). In conclusion, in patients presenting with NSTEMIs and managed with an invasive strategy, a lower hemoglobin level is associated with more extensive coronary artery disease, less use of revascularization and evidence-based therapies, and increased mortality.
The American journal of cardiology 02/2013; · 3.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An early invasive management strategy is recommended for patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who do not have a contraindication to cardiac catheterization (CCC). However, the frequency of CCC reporting has not been delineated, and the relationship of CCC reporting to hospital-level guidelines adherence for NSTEMI has not been investigated.
We used the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines database to evaluate variations in hospital-level reporting of CCC for 111,320 patients with NSTEMI admitted to 370 hospitals with revascularization capabilities in the United States from 2007 to 2010 and how these variations were associated with guideline adherence and in-hospital mortality. Hospitals were grouped into tertiles based on rates of reported CCCs. Treatment patterns and in-hospital mortality rates were evaluated across hospital tertiles separately for patients with and without a reported CCC.
A total of 18,290 (16.4%) of 111,320 patients with NSTEMI had a reported CCC, but hospital-level CCC reporting varied considerably (low tertile 0%-8.2%, intermediate tertile >8.2%-18.8%, and high tertile >18.8%-75.6%). Patients with a reported CCC had more comorbidities and high-risk features compared with patients without a CCC. The use of most guideline-recommended medications and in-hospital mortality rates were similar across hospital tertiles-both for patients with and without a reported CCC.
The reporting of CCC among patients with NSTEMI varies widely across US hospitals and does not appear to be related to guidelines adherence or in-hospital mortality rates. These findings suggest that it will be a challenge to standardize the reporting of CCC and thus use invasive management to assess the quality of NSTEMI care.
American heart journal 10/2012; 164(4):502-8. · 4.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the feasibility of endovascular repair of traumatic aortic injuries performed by interventional cardiologists in collaboration with cardiothoracic surgeons. Background: Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) represents a significant cause of mortality in trauma patients. Endovascular techniques have recently come into play for the management of TAI and are usually performed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a thoracic or vascular surgeon and/or interventional radiology. With extensive expertise in catheter-based interventions, interventional cardiologists may have a pivotal role in this important procedure. Methods: From January 2009 to July 2011, we reviewed the TAI endovascular repair outcomes performed by a team of interventional cardiologists in collaboration with cardiothoracic surgery at our institution. The charts of these patients were reviewed to collect desired data, which included preoperative, procedural, and follow-up details. Results: Twenty patients were identified in our series. Most of these patients developed TAI from motor vehicle accidents. Technical success for endovascular repair of TAI was achieved in all patients. Two patients developed endoleak, of which one patient required subsequent open repair. Two patients expired in the hospital from coexistent injuries. Conclusion: Our series of endovascular repair for TAI performed by interventional cardiologists with the collaboration of cardiothoracic surgeons showed excellent outcomes. Our experience may give further insight in the collaborative role of interventional cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery for endovascular repair of TAI. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;**:1-7).
Journal of Interventional Cardiology 09/2012; · 1.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background- The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has prognostic and therapeutic utility after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although LVEF assessment is a key performance measure among AMI patients, contemporary rates of in-hospital assessment and its association with therapy use have not been well characterized. Methods and Results- We examined rates of in-hospital LVEF assessment among 77 982 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients and 50 863 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients in Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines between January 2007 and September 2009, after excluding patients who died in-hospital or who were transferred to another acute care facility, discharged to end-of-life care, or had missing LVEF assessment status. LVEF assessment increased significantly over time, with higher rates among ST-elevation myocardial infarction than non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients (95.1% versus 91.6%; P<0.001). Excluding patients with prior heart failure did not alter these observations. Significant interhospital variability in LVEF assessment rates was observed. Compared with patients with in-hospital LVEF assessment, patients who did not have LVEF assessed were older and more likely to have clinical comorbidities. In multivariable modeling, lower overall hospital quality of AMI care was also associated with lower likelihood of LVEF assessment (odds ratio for failure to assess LVEF, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.13 per 10% decrease in defect-free care). Patients with in-hospital LVEF assessment were more likely to be discharged on evidence-based secondary prevention medication therapies compared with paients without LVEF assessment. Conclusions- The assessment of LVEF among patients with AMI has improved significantly over time, yet significant interhospital variability exists. Patients who did not have in-hospital LVEF assessment were less likely to receive evidence-based medications at discharge. These patients represent targets for future quality improvement efforts.
Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 09/2012; 5(5):662-71. · 4.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The characteristics, therapies, and outcomes of patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, found to have significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography, and managed without revascularization ("nonrevascularized patients") have not been evaluated previously in a large-scale registry.
We examined data on 13,872 non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction nonrevascularized patients who were captured by the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network registry. Patients were divided according to baseline renal function in 4 groups: no chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD stages 3, 4, and 5.
The in-hospital mortality of nonrevascularized patients was 3.7%, whereas their in-hospital major bleeding rate was 10.8%. Overall, 44.2% (n = 6,132) of nonrevascularized patients had CKD. Compared with patients with normal renal function, nonrevascularized patients with CKD had significantly more history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, more 3-vessel coronary artery disease, and received fewer antithrombotic therapies. In addition, they had significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality and major bleeding; CKD stage 4 was associated with the highest risk of adverse events. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of in-hospital mortality for CKD stages 3, 4, and 5 relative to no CKD were 1.5, 2.5, and 2.2, respectively (global P < .0001), and the analogous adjusted odds ratios of major bleeding were 1.5, 2.5, and 1.8 (global P < .0001).
Nonrevascularized patients have a high in-hospital mortality. Nonrevascularized patients with CKD have more comorbidities than patients without CKD and less frequently receive guideline-recommended therapies. Chronic kidney disease is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality and bleeding.
American heart journal 07/2012; 164(1):52-7.e1. · 4.65 Impact Factor
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Dominick J Angiolillo,
Robert C Welsh,
Dietmar Trenk,
Franz-Josef Neumann,
Pamela B Conley,
Matthew W McClure,
Gillian Stephens,
Janusz Kochman,
Lisa K Jennings,
Paul A Gurbel,
Jarosław Wójcik,
Marek Dabrowski, Jorge F Saucedo,
Juergen Stumpf,
Michael Buerke,
Samuel Broderick,
Robert A Harrington,
Sunil V Rao
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ABSTRACT: Elinogrel is the only selective, competitive and reversible platelet P2Y(12) inhibitor available in both intravenous (IV) and oral formulations.
This substudy of the Intravenous and Oral Administration of Elinogrel to Evaluate Tolerability and Efficacy in Nonurgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention patients (INNOVATE-PCI) trial evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of two dosing regimens of IV followed by oral elinogrel (120 mg IV plus 100 mg oral twice daily; 120 mg IV plus 150 mg oral twice daily) versus standard clopidogrel therapy (300-600 mg oral loading dose plus 75 mg oral maintenance dose) in 56 patients undergoing nonurgent PCI. At time of randomization, 71.4% (40/56) of patients were using maintenance clopidogrel therapy. In the acute phase, an IV bolus of elinogrel achieved more rapid and potent antiplatelet effects compared with clopidogrel, which were sustained during the transition from the IV to the oral formulation in the first 24 hours of the peri-PCI period. During chronic therapy, elinogrel achieved similar levels of platelet reactivity compared with clopidogrel before the next oral dose and, although platelet reactivity was lower with elinogrel up to 6 hours after daily oral maintenance dosing, these differences were not statistically significant. These pharmacodynamic effects matched the pharmacokinetic profile of elinogrel. There were no differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects between the two elinogrel dosing regimens.
Compared with clopidogrel, the combination of IV and oral elinogrel achieves more rapid and enhanced antiplatelet effects that were sustained through the transition to oral elinogrel in the peri-PCI period, but these were not significant during chronic dosing in this pilot investigation.
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00751231.
Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 05/2012; 5(3):347-56. · 6.06 Impact Factor
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Dominick J Angiolillo,
David J Schneider,
Deepak L Bhatt,
William J French,
Matthew J Price, Jorge F Saucedo,
Tamaz Shaburishvili,
Kurt Huber,
Jayne Prats,
Tiepu Liu,
Robert A Harrington,
Richard C Becker
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ABSTRACT: Cangrelor is an intravenous antagonist of the P2Y(12) receptor characterized by rapid, potent, predictable, and reversible platelet inhibition. However, cangrelor was not superior to clopidogrel in reducing the incidence of ischemic events in the cangrelor versus standard therapy to achieve optimal management of platelet inhibition (CHAMPION) trials. A prospectively designed platelet function substudy was performed in a selected cohort of patients to provide insight into the pharmacodynamic effects of cangrelor, particularly in regard to whether cangrelor therapy may interfere with the inhibitory effects of clopidogrel. This pre-defined substudy was conducted in a subset of patients from the CHAMPION-PCI trial (n = 230) comparing cangrelor with 600 mg of clopidogrel administered before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and from the CHAMPION-PLATFORM trial (n = 4) comparing cangrelor at the time of PCI and 600 mg clopidogrel given after the PCI. Pharmacodynamic measures included P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) assessed by VerifyNow P2Y12 testing (primary endpoint marker), platelet aggregation by light transmittance aggregometry following 5 and 20 μmol/L adenosine diphosphate stimuli, and markers of platelet activation determined by flow cytometry. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who achieved <20 % change in PRU between baseline and >10 h after PCI. The main trial was stopped early limiting enrollment in the platelet substudy. A total of 167 patients had valid pharmacodynamic assessments for the primary endpoint. The percent of individuals achieving <20 % change in PRU between baseline and >10 h after PCI was higher with cangrelor + clopidogrel (32/84, 38.1 %) compared with placebo + clopidogrel (21/83, 25.3 %), but this was not statistically significant (difference:12.79 %, 95 % CI: -1.18 %, 26.77 %;p = 0.076). All pharmacodynamic markers as well as the prevalence of patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity were significantly lower in patients treated with cangrelor. A rapid platelet inhibitory effect was achieved during cangrelor infusion and a rapid offset of action after treatment discontinuation. This CHAMPION platelet function substudy represents the largest pharmacodynamic experience with cangrelor, demonstrating its potent P2Y(12) receptor inhibitory effects, and rapid onset/offset of action. Although there was no significant pharmacodynamic interaction when transitioning to clopidogrel therapy, further studies are warranted given that enrollment in this study was limited due to premature interruption of the main trial.
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 05/2012; 34(1):44-55. · 1.48 Impact Factor
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Paul H Tolerico,
David J Cohen,
Neal S Kleiman,
Peter B Berger,
Emmanouil S Brilakis,
Robert N Piana,
Salim Shammo,
Michelle J Keyes,
Kevin F Kennedy,
Joseph M Massaro, Jorge F Saucedo
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: To compare outcomes of patients receiving drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein bypass grafts (SVG). BACKGROUND: Long-term benefits of DES versus BMS are well established for native vessel PCI. Benefit in patients undergoing SVG intervention is less certain. We used data from a multicenter registry (evaluation of drug eluting stents and ischemic events, EVENT) to compare outcomes among patients treated with DES versus BMS 1-year following SVG interventions. METHODS: Between July 2004 and December 2007, 684 patients in EVENT underwent SVG PCI (515 DES only, 169 BMS only). The primary endpoint was a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization between hospital discharge and 1-year follow-up. Propensity score stratification was used to adjust for differences between groups. RESULTS: Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated with DES and BMS were similar. The DES group had fewer men and a higher prevalence of prior PCI. Patients receiving DES had less angiographic thrombus, less frequent use of embolic protection devices, greater total stent length, and smaller maximum stent diameters. Unadjusted outcomes between discharge and 1-year follow-up did not differ between the groups. After risk adjustment, the primary outcome was less frequent among patients treated with DES (adjusted HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.84, P < 0.01) with similar relative benefits across the individual endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing SVG PCI in a "real world" registry analyzed using propensity score stratification, treatment with DES compared with BMS was associated with reduced MACE at 1 year following PCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 03/2012; · 2.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The universal definition of myocardial infarction specifies creatine kinase-MB fraction (CKMB) or troponin values more than 3 times the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit as diagnostic after percutaneous coronary intervention, with a preference for the use of troponin.
Outcomes of 4930 patients with elective coronary stent placement between July 1, 2004, and September 30, 2007, as part of the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) registry were analyzed to test the association between 1-year mortality and postprocedure elevation of either CKMB or troponin. All values were normalized to the individual clinical center myocardial infarction diagnostic levels.
Myocardial infarction occurred in 7.2% of patients by the CKMB criteria and in 24.3% of patients by the troponin criteria of greater than 3 times the diagnostic level. Both CKMB (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.55) and troponin (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18-1.54) as continuous values were associated with 1-year mortality. The mortality effect of a more than 3-fold increase was greater for CKMB (adjusted HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.1) than for troponin (adjusted HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5). A troponin threshold more than 20 times the diagnostic level provided similar frequency (7.0%) and mortality risk (adjusted HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.3) as a 3-fold increase in CKMB. A regression spline model of the relationship between troponin and 1-year mortality demonstrated that the hazard of mortality increased from 1.02 at 3-fold to 1.67 at 20-fold troponin elevation.
Troponin and CKMB elevations after percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with increased 1-year mortality rates, but thresholds for similar event frequency and mortality hazard are much higher for troponin than for CKMB.
Archives of internal medicine 02/2012; 172(6):502-8. · 11.46 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report the case of a 27-year-old woman with a rare presentation of right ventricular failure secondary to isolated right ventricular myocardial infarction, 3 weeks after an uncommon surgical procedure, the modified Cabrol operation. Her medical history also included a Ross procedure at the age of 12 years. On the basis of her subacute presentation and a consultation with cardiac surgeons, we decided on medical management. Follow-up echocardiography at 6 months revealed that the right ventricular systolic function remained severely impaired, but the patient was asymptomatic with excellent functional capacity.We review the surgical techniques of aortic graft replacement and their respective complications. We also discuss the impact of conservative and reperfusion strategies on prognosis and long-term outcomes in the setting of right ventricular infarction.
Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital 01/2012; 39(1):133-7. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Guidelines recommend urgent reperfusion for patients with new left bundle branch block (LBBB), similar to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there are limited contemporary data comparing these 2 groups of patients. Patients presenting with acute STEMI or presumed new LBBB (nLBBB) enrolled in the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network (ACTION) Registry-Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) from January 2007 to March 2009 were evaluated for clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes. Logistic generalized estimating equation modeling was used to examine associated risk-adjusted mortality. Of 46,006 patients with either STEMI or nLBBB, 44,405 (96.5%) had STEMI, and 1,601 (3.5%) had nLBBB. Overall, patients with nLBBB had more baseline co-morbidities compared to those with STEMI. Compared to patients with STEMI, those with nLBBB were less likely to receive acute reperfusion (93.9% vs 48.3% p <0.0001) and were less likely to have door-to-balloon times ≤90 minutes (76.8% vs 34.5%, p <0.0001). Mortality rates were higher for patients with nLBBB compared to those with STEMI (13.3% vs 5.6%, p <0.0001). After multivariate adjustment, nLBBB was not associated with an increased risk for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.12, p = 0.38). In conclusion, patients with nLBBB were clinically different from those with STEMI, with significantly more co-morbidities, and were less likely to receive emergent reperfusion therapy. Despite these differences, adjusted mortality rates were similar between patients with nLBBB and those with STEMI.
The American journal of cardiology 12/2011; 109(4):497-501. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Peripheral vascular disease is highly prevalent post heart transplantation (HTx). The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) post HTx ranges from 1.1-10%. We performed a Pub Med, EMBASE and Cochrane review search to identify articles on AAA post HTx. Data gathered from published data included: risk factors, progression of the aneurysm and clinical outcomes. Five studies were included in the systematic review. Baseline demographic data, clinical characteristics, data on AAA prevalence and characteristics, the treatment strategies and follow up were extracted from each of these studies. Our systematic review showed that the prevalence of AAA post HTx ranged from 2-10% in the retrospective studies and 6.5% in a single prospective study. Rupture rates during a follow up period ranged from 11-38% and during that time period the mean aneurysmal expansion rate ranged from 0.78±0.41 cm/yr to 1.2±0.4 cm/yr. Male gender, ischemic heart disease, corticosteroid use, smoking and improved hemodynamics and ejection fraction post HTx were reported as possible associated risk factors in the development of AAA. Open surgical management was the treatment of choice although endovascular treatment was used in a minority of patients. AAA is increasingly prevalent post HTx and may be associated with greater rupture and expansion rates. Meticulous follow up and further prospective clinical studies are warranted to determine risk factors, expansion rates and clinical outcomes.
Annals of transplantation: quarterly of the Polish Transplantation Society 09/2011; 16(3):147-52. · 2.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study sought to evaluate the characteristics, therapies, and outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This specific population has not been evaluated previously.
Among patients with acute coronary syndrome, the presence of renal dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of death and major bleeding.
We examined data on 40,074 NSTEMI patients managed with PCI who were captured by the ACTION (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) registry. Patients were divided according to baseline renal function in 4 groups: no CKD and CKD stages 3, 4, and 5.
Overall, 31.1% (n = 12,045) of patients with NSTEMI undergoing PCI had CKD. Compared with patients with normal renal function, CKD patients managed with PCI had significantly more history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and more 3-vessel coronary artery disease. They received fewer antithrombotic therapies but were treated more frequently with bivalirudin. In addition, they had significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality and major bleeding. CKD stage 4 was associated with the highest risk of adverse events relative to no CKD. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios of in-hospital mortality for CKD stages 3, 4, and 5 relative to no CKD were 2.0, 2.8, and 2.6, respectively (global p value <0.0001), and the analogous adjusted odds ratios of major bleeding were 1.5, 2.8, and 1.8, respectively (global p value <0.0001).
CKD patients presenting with NSTEMI and managed with PCI have more comorbidities and receive guideline-recommended therapies less frequently than do patients without CKD. CKD is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality and bleeding in NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI.
09/2011; 4(9):1002-8. · 1.07 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Activation of emergency medical services (EMS) is critical for the early triage and treatment of patients experiencing ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, yet data regarding EMS use and its association with subsequent clinical care are limited.
We performed an observational analysis of 37 634 ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated at 372 US hospitals participating in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines between January 2007 and September 2009, and examined independent patient factors associated with EMS transportation versus patient self-transportation. We found that EMS transport was used in only 60% of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Older patients, those living farther from the hospital, and those with hemodynamic compromise were more likely to use EMS transport. In contrast, race, income, and education level did not appear to be associated with the mode of transport. Compared with self-transported patients, EMS-transported patients had significantly shorter delays in both symptom-onset-to-arrival time (median, 89 versus 120 minutes; P<0.0001) and door-to-reperfusion time (median door-to-balloon time, 63 versus 76 minutes; P<0.0001; median door-to-needle time, 23 versus 29 minutes; P<0.0001).
Emergency medical services transportation to the hospital is underused among contemporary ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Nevertheless, use of EMS transportation is associated with substantial reductions in ischemic time and treatment delays. Community education efforts are needed to improve the use of emergency transport as part of system-wide strategies to improve ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction reperfusion care.
Circulation 06/2011; 124(2):154-63. · 14.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Our goal was to describe a single-center's experience in managing acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia with endovascular therapies.
Open surgical revascularization has been considered the historical gold standard treatment for mesenteric ischemia though it poses considerable morbidity and mortality risk. An aging population with increased comorbidities makes endovascular treatment a more attractive treatment option.
Consecutive subjects receiving percutaneous mesenteric interventions for acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia from 2004 to 2010 were identified retrospectively. Information on comorbidities, symptoms, screening tests, procedural outcomes, and follow up was obtained.
Thirty-one patients received percutaneous mesenteric interventions during this period. The mean age of the population was 65.0 years with roughly equal proportions of males (48.4%) and females (51.6%). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent (hypertension 45.2%, diabetes 25.8%, dyslipidemia 38.7%, nicotine use 45.2%). Procedural success was 93.5%; no periprocedural complications were reported. During a mean follow up of 13 months, 16.1% required repeat revascularization and 22.6% died. Endovascular treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia was successful (n = 8) and no patient required open surgical revascularization acutely or during follow-up.
Endovascular treatment of mesenteric ischemia is a safe and effective therapy with acceptable long-term results. Our experience with acute mesenteric ischemia suggests that percutaneous treatment may be an effective alternative to surgical revascularization in appropriately selected patients.
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 04/2011; 78(6):948-52. · 2.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a distinct pathological condition characterized by diffuse and progressive arteriopathy and it is an important determinant of long-term graft survival. Definitive CAV treatment is retransplantation but palliation with stenting might temporarily alleviate it. The benefit of drug eluting stents (DES) over bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of such lesions is debatable. We therefore sought to do a literature search to review the available evidence comparing DES to BMS. Methods: We conducted Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane database review, Web of Science search of studies comparing DES with BMS in CAV. Available studies were retrospective in nature with either direct comparison groups (n = 5) or historical controls (n = 1). The main outcomes analyzed were in stent restenosis (ISR) during follow-up and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 312 patients from six studies were included in the review (1995–2007). Most commonly used DES were sirolimus eluting stent. DES appeared to reduce the long-term risk of ISR compared with BMS. Three of the five studies showed a statistically significant reduction in ISR at 12 months while the one study assessing ISR at 6 months showed no significant difference. Clinical endpoints such as death and major adverse cardiac events were not statistically different. Conclusion: DES appear to reduce the incidence of ISR in CAV as compared with BMS. Prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the clinical benefit of DES beyond a reduction in ISR. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 03/2011; 77(7):962 - 969. · 2.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a distinct pathological condition characterized by diffuse and progressive arteriopathy and it is an important determinant of long-term graft survival. Definitive CAV treatment is retransplantation but palliation with stenting might temporarily alleviate it. The benefit of drug eluting stents (DES) over bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of such lesions is debatable. We therefore sought to do a literature search to review the available evidence comparing DES to BMS.
We conducted Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane database review, Web of Science search of studies comparing DES with BMS in CAV. Available studies were retrospective in nature with either direct comparison groups (n = 5) or historical controls (n = 1). The main outcomes analyzed were in stent restenosis (ISR) during follow-up and clinical outcomes.
A total of 312 patients from six studies were included in the review (1995-2007). Most commonly used DES were sirolimus eluting stent. DES appeared to reduce the long-term risk of ISR compared with BMS. Three of the five studies showed a statistically significant reduction in ISR at 12 months while the one study assessing ISR at 6 months showed no significant difference. Clinical endpoints such as death and major adverse cardiac events were not statistically different.
DES appear to reduce the incidence of ISR in CAV as compared with BMS. Prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the clinical benefit of DES beyond a reduction in ISR.
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 03/2011; 77(7):962-9. · 2.29 Impact Factor
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Farhad Abtahian,
Benjamin Olenchock,
Fang-Shu Ou,
Michael C Kontos, Jorge F Saucedo,
Benjamin M Scirica,
Nihar Desai,
Eric Peterson,
Matthew Roe,
Christopher P Cannon,
Stephen D Wiviott
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ABSTRACT: Patients with previous stroke are at high-risk for myocardial infarction (MI). Concern regarding increased risk of bleeding or recurrent stroke in this patient population might alter therapeutic decisions. Data were collected from 281 hospitals in the United States in the NCDR ACTION Registry. Patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI; n = 15,997) or non-STEMI (NSTEMI; n = 25,514) entered into the registry from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 were included. We assessed use of evidence-based medications and procedures in patients with and without previous stroke. Risk-adjusted odds ratio of death, major bleeding not related to coronary artery bypass grafting, and a composite outcome (major adverse cardiac events [MACEs], i.e., death/MI/stroke/cardiogenic shock/congestive heart failure) were calculated using logistic regression. Previous stroke was reported in 5.1% of patients with STEMI and 9.3% of those with NSTEMI. Of patients with STEMI eligible for reperfusion therapy, those with previous stroke were less likely to receive reperfusion therapy compared to patients without previous stroke. Patients with previous stroke had longer door-to-needle and door-to-balloon times. Of patients with STEMI and NSTEMI, those with previous stroke were less likely to receive evidence-based therapies. Death, MACEs, and major bleeding were more common with previous stroke. When adjusted for baseline risk, patients with previous stroke were at increased risk of death (only those with STEMI) and MACEs but not bleeding. In conclusion, patients with STEMI and previous stroke are at increased risk for death and patients with STEMI and NSTEMI are at increased risk of MACE. Despite this, previous stroke patients are less likely to receive guideline-based MI therapies.
The American journal of cardiology 03/2011; 107(10):1441-6. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have increased platelet reactivity and reduced platelet response to clopidogrel compared with patients without DM. Prasugrel, a more potent antiplatelet agent, is associated with greater reductions in ischaemic events compared with clopidogrel, particularly in patients with DM. The aim of this study was to perform serial pharmacodynamic assessments of prasugrel with high-dose clopidogrel in patients with DM.
Optimizing anti-Platelet Therapy In diabetes MellitUS (OPTIMUS)-3 was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study in patients with type 2 DM and coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients (n= 35) were randomly assigned to either prasugrel 60 mg loading dose (LD)/10 mg maintenance dose (MD) or clopidogrel 600 mg LD/150 mg MD over two 1-week treatment periods separated by a 2-week washout period. Platelet function was assessed by VerifyNow® P2Y12 assay, light transmission aggregometry, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation at 0, 1, 4, and 24 h and 7 days. Greater platelet inhibition by VerifyNow® P2Y12 was achieved by prasugrel compared with clopidogrel at 4 h post-LD (least squares mean, 89.3 vs. 27.7%, P< 0.0001; primary endpoint). The difference in platelet inhibition between prasugrel and clopidogrel was significant from 1 h through 7 days (P < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained using all other platelet function measures. Prasugrel resulted in fewer poor responders at all time points irrespective of definition used.
In patients with type 2 DM and CAD, standard-dose prasugrel is associated with greater platelet inhibition and better response profiles during both the loading and maintenance periods when compared with double-dose clopidogrel.
European Heart Journal 01/2011; 32(7):838-46. · 10.48 Impact Factor
