Jian-Guo Xu

Publications of Jian-Guo Xu

• Intracystic bleomycin for cystic craniopharyngiomas in children.

  Authors: Yuan Fang, Bo Wen Cai, Heng Zhang, Wenke Liu, Bo Wu, Jian Guo Xu, Chao You

  Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 01/2012; 4:CD008890.

  Craniopharyngiomas are the commonest benign histological tumours to involve the hypothalamo-pituitary region in childhood. Cystic craniopharyngiomas occur in more than 90% of tumours. The optimalCraniopharyngiomas are the commonest benign histological tumours to involve the hypothalamo-pituitary region in childhood. Cystic craniopharyngiomas occur in more than 90% of tumours. The optimal treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma remains controversial. Radical resection is the treatment of choice in patients with favourable tumour localization. When the tumour localization is unfavourable, a gross-total or partial resection followed by radiotherapy is the main treatment option in adults. However, it presents risk of morbidity especially for children. Intracystic bleomycin has been utilized to potentially delay the use of radiotherapy or radical resection to decrease morbidity. To determine the benefits and harms of intracystic bleomycin versus other treatments for cystic craniopharyngiomas in children. We searched the electronic databases of CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 4), MEDLINE/PubMed (from 1966 to Oct 2010), and EMBASE/Ovid (from 1980 to Oct 2010) with pre-specified terms. In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, conference proceedings and ongoing trial databases. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) quasi-randomised trials or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing intracystic bleomycin and other treatments for cystic craniopharyngiomas in children (from birth to 18 years). Two review authors independently performed the data extraction and the 'Risk of bias' assessment. We used risk ratio (RR) for binary data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data. We planned that if one of the treatment groups experienced no events and there was only one study available for the outcome, we would use the Fischer's exact test. We could not identify any studies in which the only difference between the treatment groups was the use of intracystic bleomycin. We did identify a RCT comparing intracystic bleomycin with intracystic (32)P (n = 7 children). The trial had a high risk of bias. Survival could not be evaluated. There was no evidence of a significant difference in cyst reduction (MD = -0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.69 to 0.39, P= 0.59), neurological status (Fisher's exact P = 0.429), 3rd nerve paralysis (Fischer's exact P = 1.00), fever (RR = 2.92, 95% CI 0.73 to 11.70, P = 0.13) and total adverse effects (RR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.68 to 4.53, P = 0.25 ) between the treatment groups. There was a significant difference in favour of the (32)P group for the occurrence of headache and vomiting (Fischer's exact P = 0.029 for both outcomes). Since no RCTs, quasi-randomised trials or CCTs in which only the use of intracystic bleomycin differed between the treatment groups in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas in children, no definitive conclusions could be made about the effects of intracystic bleomycin in these patients. Only one low-power RCT comparing intracystic bleomycin with intracystic (32)P treatment was available, but no definitive conclusions can be made about the effectiveness of these agents in children with cystic craniopharyngiomas. Based on the currently available evidence, we are not able to give recommendations for the use of intracystic bleomycin in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas in children. High quality RCTs are needed.

• [The clinical features and perioperational managements of craniopharyngiomas in posterior fossa].

  Authors: Mao-Jun Chen, Meng-Hang Wu, Liang-Xue Zhou, Li-Juan Duan, Peng-Cheng Li, Jian-Guo Xu, Chao You

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 09/2011; 42(5):730-2, 744.

  To investigate the clinical features and perioperational managements of craniophayngiomas located in posterior fossa. Nine patients with craniopharyngioma situated in posterior fossa were included inTo investigate the clinical features and perioperational managements of craniophayngiomas located in posterior fossa. Nine patients with craniopharyngioma situated in posterior fossa were included in the study. The clinical manifestations, neuroimage features, operational treatment, and perioperational managments were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS; All tumors associated with big or huge volume, arised from sellar/suprasellar region and extended into posterior fossa. Tumors showed cystic lesions in 2 cases and cystic-solid lesions in 7 cases. Headache was the most common symptoms (6/9), followed by cranial nerve deficit (4/9) and endocrine dysfunction(3/9). The supra- and infra-tentorial approaches were the optimal approaches for removal these tumors (7/9). Cranial nerves deficit was the most common complication in perioperative period. No perioperational death occured, most of the patients showed good recovery during the fellow-up period. Craniophayngiomas in posterior fossa shows different clinical manifestations, radiological features, surgical complications to the tumor in sellar/suprasellar region.

• [Effects of gabapentin on high-voltage-activated calcium current in dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats].

  Authors: Xiao-di Sun, Min-min Zhu, Xiao-dong Chen, Dan Li, Qiang Wang, Hang Xiao, Jian-guo Xu, Man-lin Duan

  Zhonghua yi xue za zhi. 06/2011; 91(24):1713-7.

  To compare the effects of gabapentin on high-voltage-activated calcium (HVA) current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in normal and nerve-injured rats and understand the reasons of theirTo compare the effects of gabapentin on high-voltage-activated calcium (HVA) current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in normal and nerve-injured rats and understand the reasons of their differences. Pathogen-free male SD rats (weight 180 - 220 mg) aged 4 - 6 weeks were used. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg. L(5) spinal nerve was ligated between DRG and sciatic nerve and cut distal to the ligature. The animals were decapitated at Day 14 post-operation. L(5) (SNL-L(5) group) and L(4) DRGs (SNL-L(4) group) were respectively isolated and the ganglionic neurons enzymatically dissociated. The control group of rats was not operated. The lumbar DRG neurons of normal rats were treated similarly. The HVA-Ca(2+) current was recorded by the technique of whole cell patch clamp. Compared with the SNL-L(4) group [(16.0 ± 1.9)%, (26.9 ± 2.0)%, (27.4 ± 2.3)%] and the control group, gabapentin inhibited the peak calcium current highlier at 10, 100 and 300 µmol/L in the SNL-L(5) group [(18.5 ± 1.7)%, (32.0 ± 2.6)%, (32.7 ± 2.8)%] (P < 0.05). The steady-state inactivation curves shifted to more hyperpolarized potentials in the SNL-L(5) group. The N-type relative contribution to the gabapentin-sensitive HVA-Ca(2+) current was markedly elevated in the SNL-L(5) group compared with that in other two groups (P < 0.05). Gabapentin enhances the inhibition of HVA-Ca(2+) current in injured DRG neurons following spinal nerve ligation in rats. The alteration in the activation of electrophysiological properties and the increase of N-type relative contribution to the total HVA-Ca(2+) current may be involved in the mechanism.

• [The establishment of craniopharyngioma cell line].

  Authors: Jian-Guo Xu, Liang Liu, Zheng-Xi Rao, Liang-Xue Zhou, Li Qiang, Xiu-Tian Sima, Hao Liu, Zhi-Yong Liu, Chao You

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 05/2011; 42(3):417-21.

  To establish the craniopharyngioma cell line with primary culture which might provide experiment background and evidence for future eternal tumor cell line establishment. Thirty six surgicalTo establish the craniopharyngioma cell line with primary culture which might provide experiment background and evidence for future eternal tumor cell line establishment. Thirty six surgical specimens were collected from patients with craniopharyngiomas definited by iconography and pathology examinations in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, including twenty one adamantine epitheliomas and fifteen squamous papillary tumors. The tumor cell was treated through primary cukture, purification, passage, freezing, resuscitation, and identified by keratin 7 staining through SP method. The growth curve and double time were detected through trypan blue dye cell count and MTT assay. The growth of the tumor cells treated with growth hormone (GH) and Tamoxifen was also observed. Thirty six primary cultures were done, 29 of which were successful and subculture was achieved in 80.6% of all primary cultures. These cell lines were from squamous epithelium by keratin 7 antibody identification, with three days of double time. Proloferative effect of GH was most prevalent at 100 ng/mL, while tamoxifen suppressed cell growth. The finite craniopharyngioma cell lines were obtained through primary culture.

• Cross-sectional study of craniocerebral trauma in a tertiary hospital after 2008 Sichuan earthquake: a brief report of 242 cases and experiences from West China Hospital.

  Authors: Qiang Li, Chao-Hua Yang, Jian-Guo Xu, Jing Chen, Chao You

  The Journal of trauma. 01/2011; 70(6):E108-12.

  We aim to analyze clinical features of patients with craniocerebral trauma after 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China. Medical records of patients with craniocerebral trauma admitted to Department ofWe aim to analyze clinical features of patients with craniocerebral trauma after 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China. Medical records of patients with craniocerebral trauma admitted to Department of Neurosurgery in West China Hospital within 30 days after earthquake were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were reviewed. Patients' data from peripheral hospitals were also analyzed. Two hundred forty-two patients with craniocerebral injuries were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1, and more than half of the patients were between 20 and 60 years. Majority of patients suffered from mild to moderate injuries (88.4%). Scalp wound was the leading type, followed by skull fractures and brain contusion and laceration. Fifty patients (20.7%) underwent craniotomy. Overall mortality was 5.4% (n = 13). In survivors, 186 patients had good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥4, 76.9%). Staphylococcus aureus (n = 74, 44.6%), Aerobacter cloacae (n = 37, 22.3%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 33, 19.9%) were most frequently isolated bacteria in wound smear. Over 85% (n=6) of patients with infectious wound (n=7) obtained delayed first stage healing. Mortality of patients in local hospitals ranged from 3.8% to 8.9%. Most patients admitted to tertiary hospitals are mildly or moderately injured. Cooperation among different departments is critical to shorten delay in emergency room. First stage wound healing or delayed first stage healing can be achieved in most patients after treatment. More than 76% of seismic injury patients in a tertiary medical center have good outcome.

• [Population pharmacokinetic modeling and evaluation of propofol from multiple centers].

  Authors: Hong-bo Ye, Hong Zheng, Xing-an Zhang, Xin-jin Chi, Wen-ying Chen, Jian-guo Xu, Jin-heng Li, Jian-zhong Rui

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 12/2010; 45(12):1550-8.

  In order to successfully develop the effective population pharmacokinetic model to predict the concentration of propofol administrated intravenously, the data including the concentrations across bothIn order to successfully develop the effective population pharmacokinetic model to predict the concentration of propofol administrated intravenously, the data including the concentrations across both distribution and elimination phases from five hospitals were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). Three-compartment pharmacokinetic model was applied while the exponential model was used to describe the inter-individual variability and constant coefficient model to the intra-individual variability, accordingly. Covariate effect including the body weight on the parameter CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were investigated. The performance of final model was assessed by Bootstrapping, goodness-of-fit and visual predictive checking (VPC). The context-sensitive half-times and the infusion rates necessary to maintain the concentration of 1 microg x mL(-1) were simulated to six subpopulations. The results were as follows: the typical value of CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were 0.965 x (1 + 0.401 x VESS) x (BW/59)(0.578) L x min(-1), 13.4 x (AGE/45)(-0.317) L, 0.659 x (1 + GENDER x 0.385) L x min(-1), 28.8 L, 0.575 x (1 + GENDER x 0.367) x (1 - 0.369 x VESS) L x min(-1) and 196 L respectively. Coefficients of the inter-individual variability of CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were 29.2%, 46.9%, 35.2%, 40.4%, 67.0% and 49.9% respectively, and the coefficients of residual variability were 24.7%, 16.1% and 22.5%, the final model indicated a positive influence of a body weight on CL, and also that a negative correlation of age with V1. Q2 and Q3 in males were higher than those in females at 38.5% and 36.7%. The CL and Q3 were 40.1% increased and 36.9% decreased in arterial samples compared to those in venous samples. The determination coefficient of observations (DV)-individual predicted value (IPRED) by the final model was 0.91 which could predict the propofol concentration fairly well. The stability and the predictive performance were accepted by Bootstrapping, the goodness-of-fit and VPC. The context-sensitive half-times and infusion rates necessary to maintain the concentration of 1 microg x mL(-1) were different obviously among the 6 sub-populations obviously. The three-compartment model with first-order elimination could describe the pharmacokinetics of propofol fairly well. The involved fixed effects are age, body weight, gender and sampling site. The simulations in 6 subpopulations were available in clinical anesthesia. The propofol anesthesia monitor care could be improved by individualization of pharmacokinetic parameter estimated from the final model.

• Giant cranionasal schwannoma.

  Authors: Kai Zheng, Shu Jiang, Jian-guo Xu, Bo-yong Mao

  Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 04/2010; 17(4):520-2.

  Giant schwannomas concomitantly involving the intracranial and nasal cavities are rare. We report a 22-year-old male patient with a giant schwannoma involving the frontal skull base and extendingGiant schwannomas concomitantly involving the intracranial and nasal cavities are rare. We report a 22-year-old male patient with a giant schwannoma involving the frontal skull base and extending into the nasal cavity. The patient had a 2-year history of nasal obstruction that was originally misdiagnosed as nasal polyps. A CT scan and an MRI revealed a large cranionasal tumor. Surgery was performed using a coronal incision with a bilateral frontal skull base extradural approach. The tumor originated from the anterior skull base and the dura and nasal mucosa were intact. Histopathology was consistent with a schwannoma. Schwannoma should be listed as part of the differential diagnosis of a cranionasal tumor and the surgical approach should be carefully selected to achieve total resection.

• Cardiac Asystole After Nasal Infiltration of Lidocaine With Epinephrine in a Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy Patient With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

  Authors: Jian-Jun Yang, Jing-Chun Shen, Jian-Guo Xu

  Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology. 09/2009;

• [Expression of acid-sensing ion channels in neurons of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei in rat brain, and effects of intermittent hypoxia on their expression]

  Authors: Xing-Ling Cao, Qi Chen, Hua Zhou, Yu-Hong Tang, Jian-Guo Xu, Yu Zheng

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 07/2009; 40(4):662-6.

  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of three acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) subtypes termed as ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 in the neurons of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleusOBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of three acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) subtypes termed as ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 in the neurons of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus of rat brainstem, and the effects of intermittent hypoxia on their expression. METHODS: The intermittent hypoxic rat model was established, of which the blood gas analysis was tested after 12 days. The immunohistochemistry SABC method was performed to test the expression of ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 in neurons of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus in the control (O2) and intermittent hypoxic (IH) groups of rats. RESULTS: The ASIC1b-, ASIC2a- and ASIC3-positive immunoreactive neurons all could be observed in the nucleus of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus. The intermittent hypoxia group, the numerical density of ASIC1b-positive immunoreactive neurons (cell/mm3) decreased in the nucleus of trapezoid body (P<0.05), but did not significantly change in the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (P>0.05), the grey level did not significantly change in both the nucleus of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (P>0.05); the numerical density of ASIC2a-positive immunoreactive neurons (cell/mm3) did not significantly change in the nucleus of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (P>0.05), the grey level in the nucleus of trapezoid body increased (P<0.05) while it did not significantly change in the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (P>0.05); the numerical density of ASIC3-positive immunoreactive neurons (cell/mm3) decreased in the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (P<0.05), but it did not significantly change in the nucleus of trapezoid body (P>0.05), the grey level did not significantly change in the nucleus of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 exist in the neurons of trapezoid body and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus in the rat brainstem under normal condition, and their expressions in the two nuclei are different to intermittent hypoxia, which means that the roles of subtype of ASICs in different area may be different in the respiratory effects induced by hypoxia.

• Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on neuropathic pain and cerebral expressions of cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B.

  Authors: Hong-Bin Jia, Yi Jin, Qing Ji, Yi-Feng Hu, Zhi-Qiang Zhou, Jian-Guo Xu, Jian-Jun Yang

  Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 06/2009;

  PURPOSE: The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of preemptive administration of rhEPO on the behaviouralPURPOSE: The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of preemptive administration of rhEPO on the behavioural changes and neuroinflammatory responses in a rat model of neuropathic pain. METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly allocated into five groups, sham-operation treated with saline and L5 spinal nerve transection treated with different doses of rhEPO (0 [saline], 1000, 3000, or 5000 U . kg(-1), respectively). The rats were intraperitoneally treated from 1 day before surgery to post-surgery day 7. The mechanical (paw pressure thresholds, PPT) and thermal thresholds (paw withdrawal latencies, PWL) were measured on post-surgery days 1, 3, and 7. The contralateral brain was obtained on post-surgery day 7 to determine the expressions of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, L-10, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in PPT and PWL after L5 spinal nerve transection (P < 0.001). Compared with the saline group, the rhEPO 3000 and 5000 U . kg(-1) groups resulted in significant increases in PPT and PWL (P < 0.001) and reduced the cerebral expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and NF-kappaB activity associated with the increase in IL-10 (rhEPO3000 group, P < 0.05, and rhEPO5000 group, P < 0.001, respectively). Administration of rhEPO 1000 U . kg(-1) had no significant effects on these variables. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive rhEPO dose-dependently attenuated the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in L5 spinal nerve transection rats, which correlated with the decreased cerebral expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 via downregulating NF-kappaB activity and the increased expression of IL-10.

• [Influence of acid stimulation on expression of acid-sensing ion channel 1a and 3 in type I cells of rat carotid body.]

  Authors: Dan Li, Hai-Feng Chen, Yu-Hong Tang, Hua Zhou, Jian-Guo Xu, Li Chen, Yu Zheng

  Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]. 02/2009; 61(1):43-8.

  The experiments were carried out to test whether acid-sensing ion channel 1a and 3 (ASIC1a and ASIC3) were expressed on the primarily cultured type I cells of rat carotid bodies (CBs) and whether theThe experiments were carried out to test whether acid-sensing ion channel 1a and 3 (ASIC1a and ASIC3) were expressed on the primarily cultured type I cells of rat carotid bodies (CBs) and whether the expression of the channels was affected by acid stimulation. The Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex (50-100 g) were used. The CBs were isolated and primarily cultured. The immunofluorescent technique was used to detect the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a specific marker of type I cells, in order to identify the type of the cultured cells. The double-label immunofluorescent technique was used to detect the expression of ASIC1a and ASIC3 on the TH-positive type I cells. To detect the influence of acid stimulation on the expressions of ASIC1a and ASIC3, each batch of primarily cultured cells were randomly divided into pH7.3 group (control group), pH6.8 group and pH6.2 group (n=9 in each group). The cells in above three groups were treated with pH7.3, pH6.8 and pH6.2 mediums for 24 h, respectively, and then the mRNA expressions of ASIC1a and ASIC3 in type I cells were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique. The results showed that more than 93% of the primarily cultured CB cells were TH-positive, indicating that most of the cultured cells were type I cells. Furthermore, all TH-positive cells expressed ASIC1a or ASIC3. After the cells were treated with acid stimulation, the amount of ASIC1a mRNA did not change significantly (P>0.05 vs control group); the amount of ASIC3 mRNA had no significant change in pH6.8 group compared with that in control group, but decreased significantly in pH6.2 group (P<0.01 vs control group, P<0.05 vs pH6.8 group). It is concluded that acid stimulation down-regulates the level of ASIC3 mRNA, but has no effect on the level of ASIC1a mRNA.

• Differentially expressed genes from the glioblastoma cell line SHG-44 treated with all-trans retinoic acid in vitro.

  Authors: Yi Zeng, Zhong Yang, Jian-Guo Xu, Meng-Su Yang, Zhi-Xiong Zeng, Chao You

  Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 01/2009;

  Morphology, immunocytochemistry, growth curve assay, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression andMorphology, immunocytochemistry, growth curve assay, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and differentiation of the astrocytoma cell line SHG-44 from glioblastoma multiforme (World Health Organization grade IV). The differentially expressed genes from RA-treated and normal SHG-44 were identified by cDNA microarray after the cell line SHG-44 was treated with 10muM RA for 3 days. Validation of some differentially expressed genes was performed by Northern Blot analysis. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was markedly increased in RA-treated SHG-44 cells. Other changes included a short shuttle shape, small nucleus, decreased karyoplasm proportion, the formation of increased thin cytoplasmic processes, reduced cell growth and a 15% increase in G0/G1 phase cell populations. In addition, 42 known genes were identified with altered expression in our cDNA microarray. There was stable down-regulation of MDM2 and UGB as well as overexpression of SOD2, CSTB, and G3BP when RA-treated SHG-44 was compared with normal SHG-44. RA simultaneously suppressed the proliferation of SHG-44 cells significantly as well as induced differentiation and altered gene expression.

• [Microsurgical treatment of gigantic dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen tumor.]

  Authors: Liang-Xue Zhou, Lin-Li Luo, Chao You, Bo-wen Cai, Xu-Hui Hui, Bin Yu, Jian-Guo Xu, Hai-Feng Chen

  Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]. 10/2008; 46(18):1428-31.

  OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of microsurgical treatment for jugular foramen tumor (JFT). METHODS: Ten patients with dumbbell-shaped JFTs who were mircosurgically treated by the same group wereOBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of microsurgical treatment for jugular foramen tumor (JFT). METHODS: Ten patients with dumbbell-shaped JFTs who were mircosurgically treated by the same group were retrospectively studied, the surgical approachs includes infratemporal approach and modified far lateral approach according to tumors' size, blood feeding, hearing and growth manner. Cranial nerve function, pre- and postoperative complications, follow-up data were presented and discussed. RESULTS: Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 7 patients, subtotal removal in 2 cases, partial removal in 1 case, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaking in 1 cases, postoperative new cranial nerve defects in 1 cases, aggravation in 2 cases. Postoperative deficits of the cranial nerves improved in 80 percent of the patients. Favorable facial function in 6 months postoperatively (House-Brackmann grade system in Grade 1 and Grade 2) was noted in 7 of the 10 patients. The postoperative level of hearing was preserved in 3 of the 6 patients with residuary hearing. Recurrence was noted in 1 case during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical total removal of JFT is possible depends on microsurgical operation with the two approaches with lowly additional neurological deficits. The function of preoperative affected cranial nerves can be recoveried.

• [Apoptosis and differentiation induced with TCLA in rat glioblastoma cells in vitro]

  Authors: Ji-lei Hu, Xiu-jie Wang, Pei-Zhi Zhou, Cheng-de Wang, Jian-Guo Xu, Shu Jiang

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 08/2008; 39(4):570-4.

  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of conjugated trienoic fatty acids on the growth inhibition, apoptosis in rat glioblastoma cells and to elucidate its mechanism of activity. METHODS: RatOBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of conjugated trienoic fatty acids on the growth inhibition, apoptosis in rat glioblastoma cells and to elucidate its mechanism of activity. METHODS: Rat glioblastoma cells were tested in vitro cytotoxicity, colony formation inhibition, Brdu incorporation after treatment with TCLA. Its effect of apoptosis induction was detected through Hoechst 33342 staining, cell cycle analysis. The expressions of ADPRTL1, CYP1A1 and PPAR-gamma genes were detected through RT-PCR. RESULTS: After TCLA treatment, the proliferation of C6 cells were inhibited (40 micrommol/L, 72 h, viability 56.71% +/- 0.98%), this action acted as dose-time-dependent relations; colony formation decreased significantly (40 micrommol/L, 0) and BrdU labeling index of cancer cells decreased (63.1% +/- 1.0% vs 95.6 % +/- 1.4%); apoptotic cells increased; By FCM analysis, the apoptotic indices increased, the cells increased in G0/G1 phase, decreased in S phase, which have signigicant difference; RT-RCR showed that TCLA signigicantly increased the level of ADPRTL1, CYP1A1, and PPAR-gamma mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: The findings in this experimental study suggested that TCLA has potent cytotoxicity and induction apoptosis in human and rat glioblastoma cells, its mechanism of activity might be associated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell cycle arrest, up-regulation the expression of apoptosis related genes ADPRTL, CYP1A1, PPAR-gamma.

• [Micro-neurosurgical treatment of cranionasal tumors in combination with transnasal endoscopy]

  Authors: Bo-wen Cai, Hui-Min An, Jin-Ping Liu, Xiao-Ming Qiao, Wei-Ning Yin, Shu Jiang, Jian-Guo Xu, Jin Li, Jun-Yi Wang, Chun-Xiao Ma

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition. 06/2008; 39(3):489-91.

  OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective microsurgical approach to the treatment of cranionasal tumors. METHODS: A retrospective review of 18 micro-neurosurgical patients with cranionasal tumors (June 2005OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective microsurgical approach to the treatment of cranionasal tumors. METHODS: A retrospective review of 18 micro-neurosurgical patients with cranionasal tumors (June 2005 to June 2007) was undertaken. RESULTS: All of the 18 patients were treated with subfrontal approaches in combination with transnasal endoscopy. Tumors were resected in the stage-one operations (14 were totally resected and 4 were subtotally resected). The anterior skull bases were reconstructed. Transient CSF rhinorrhea was found in two cases. All of the patients experienced good recoveries, with no operative death. The follow up after 5 to 29 months revealed that only four patients had tumor recurrence. Three patients lost in the follow up. CONCLUSION: Subfrontal microsurgical operation combined with transnasal endoscopy is an effective approach to the treatment of cranionasal tumors. It enables high total resection rate and has low complications.

• Pharmacodynamics of Rocuronium in Cholestatic Patients with or without Hepatocellular Injury : Normal Onset Time of Initial Dose and Prolonged Duration Time After Repeated Doses.

  Authors: Jin Liu, Jian-Jun Yang, Yong-Guang Wang, Zhuan Zhang, Zhi-Jie Zhang, Jian-Guo Xu

  Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Société canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques. 02/2008; 11(3):15-21.

  Purpose. A prospective controlled study was designed to observe the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in cholestatic patients with or without hepatocellular injury. Methods. Sixty patients undergoingPurpose. A prospective controlled study was designed to observe the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in cholestatic patients with or without hepatocellular injury. Methods. Sixty patients undergoing abdominal surgery were allocated into three groups: group I had 20 cholestatic patients with hepatocellular injury; group II had 20 cholestatic patients without hepatocellular injury, and group III (control group) had 20 patients without hepatic disease. Anesthetized with propofol and fentanyl, all patients received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg for initial dose followed by intermittent repeated administration of rocuronium 0.15 mg/kg. The twitch high of adductor pollicis muscle was monitored by acceleromyography. The onset time of the initial dose, the duration time of the initial and the repeated doses, and the recovery index were observed. Results. The onset and the duration time of the initial dose had no significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05). After administration of the 5th dose, the duration time of the repeated doses was significantly prolonged than that of the 2nd dose in group I (31+/-8 versus 22+/-4 min) and group II (28+/-5 versus 21+/-4 min) (P<0.05), but not in group III (P>0.05). The recovery index of rocuronium was longer in group I (48+/-13 min) and group II (46+/-9 min) than that in group III (24+/-5 min) (P<0.05). Conclusion. Cholestatic patients experience prolonged duration time and longer recovery index after repeated use of rocuronium, despite normal onset time after the initial dose.

• Lighter general anesthesia causes less decrease in arterial pressure induced by epinephrine scalp infiltration during neurosurgery.

  Authors: Jian-Jun Yang, Jin Liu, Man-Lin Duan, Zhi-Qiang Zhou, Wei-yan Li, Jian-Guo Xu

  Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology. 10/2007; 19(4):263-7.

  Scalp infiltration with epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution can elicit significant hypotension before craniotomy under general anesthesia. A prospective randomized controlled study was designedScalp infiltration with epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution can elicit significant hypotension before craniotomy under general anesthesia. A prospective randomized controlled study was designed to observe whether a lighter depth of general anesthesia could prevent the unintentional hypotension induced by the epinephrine scalp infiltration during neurosurgery or not. Fifty patients undergoing scheduled neurosurgery involving craniotomy were randomly allocated into 2 groups. After anesthesia induction, anesthesia was maintained with propofol 2 mug/mL and rimifentanil 2 ng/mL by target-controlled infusion in group 1, and propofol 4 microg/mL and rimifentanil 4 ng/mL in group 2 (control group), respectively. All the patients received epinephrine scalp infiltration with 1% lidocaine 16 mL containing epinephrine 5 microg/mL. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded at 30-second interval from the baseline to 5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration. Bispectral index readings indicated group 1 had the lighter general anesthesia than group 2 (P<0.05). MAP was higher (P<0.05) and heart rate was lower (P<0.05) at 1.5 minutes time point in group 1 than group 2. The mean percentage of maximal decrease in MAP was group 1 (13%) <group 2 (24%) (P<0.05). The mean percentage of maximal increase in MAP was group 1 (10%)> group 2 (4%) without significant difference (P>0.05). The results implied that keeping a lighter general anesthesia caused less decrease in arterial blood pressure and was a relative effective method to prevent hypotension episode induced by epinephrine scalp infiltration.

• [Cardioprotection of recombinant human erythropoietin pretreatment on ischemia-reperfused hearts and mechanism thereof: experiment with rats]

  Authors: Xiao-Ming Liu, Zhen Jia, Zhi-Qiang Zhou, Jian-Guo Xu

  Zhonghua yi xue za zhi. 10/2007; 87(35):2463-7.

  OBJECTIVE: To study the cardioprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on heart with ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury and the possible mechanism. METHODS: 156 SD rats, exceptOBJECTIVE: To study the cardioprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on heart with ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury and the possible mechanism. METHODS: 156 SD rats, except 36 in the sham operation group, underwent ligation of the left descending coronary artery for 30 minutes and then reperfusion for 3 hours. 108 rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups IR + rhEPO group (Group C, intraperitoneally injected with rhEPO 5000 U/kg 24 h before IR insult), IR group (Group B), and sham-operation group (Group A). By the end of reperfusion blood sample were collected by cardiac puncture to detect the plasma content of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB). Before ischemia, after ischemia, and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after reperfusion the hearts of 6 rats from each group were killed respectively with their hearts taken out. Another 12 rats were randomly divided into Groups B and C as described above to undergo IR insult, and underwent re-ligation, intravenous injection of Evans blue and pathological examination to observe the area of infarct size. Another 18 rats were divided into 3 equal groups: Groups A, B, and C as described above, and then underwent electron microscopy to observe the ultrastructure of the myocardium. Furthermore, another 18 rats were divided into 3 equal groups: Groups A, B, and C as described above to undergo pathological examination of the heart and neutrophil infiltration. Tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations of left ventricle were analyzed by ELISA 1 h and 2 h after reperfusion respectively; and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) levels were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: The ratio of infarct size to area at risk (IS%) of Group C was (28.0% +/- 1.3%), significantly lower than that of Group B [(43.3 +/- 2.5)%, P < 0.01]. The plasma CK-MB concentrations of Groups B and C were (2110 +/- 245) U/L and (1689 +/- 138) U/L respectively, both significantly higher than that of Group A [(933 +/- 88) U/L, both P < 0.01], however, the CK-MB level of Group C was significantly lower than that of Group B (P < 0.01). The pathological changes of Group C were remarkably milder than those of Group B. The semi-quantitative scale of Groups B and C were 3.65 +/- 0.51 and 2.37 +/- 0.49 respectively, both significantly higher than that of Group A (1.76 +/- 0.43), and the semi-quantitative scale of Groups C was significantly lower than that of Group B (P < 0.01). The degree of neutrophil infiltration of Group C was remarkably milder than that of Group B. In Group B there were 2 peaks of NF-kappaB expression: 30 min and 180 min after reperfusion, and the AP-1 expression increased 30 min after reperfusion and then gradually decreased. In Group C the expression levels of NF-kappaB and AP-1 increased 30 min after reperfusion in comparison with Group A, and then gradually decreased and were all significantly lower than those of Group B (all P < 0.01). The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 1 h after reperfusion of Groups B and C were all significantly higher than those of Group A (all P < 0.01) and the TNF-alpha and IL-6 of Group C were both significantly lower than those of Group B (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: RhEPO pretreatment can elicit potent cardioprotection against I-R injury, which may due in part to the suppression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and downregulation of the downstream proinflammatory cytokines.

• Four-generation postaxial polydactyly in a Chinese family.

  Authors: Feng Xu, Jing-Yan Xia, Jian-guo Xu

  Chinese medical journal. 07/2007; 120(11):1027-8.

• Hemodynamic changes due to infiltration of the scalp with epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution: a hypotensive episode before craniotomy.

  Authors: Jian-Jun Yang, Hui-Lin Cheng, Ruo-jing Shang, Jin-chun Shen, Ji-Xin Shi, Han-Dong Wang, Wei-yan Li, Jian-Guo Xu

  Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology. 02/2007; 19(1):31-7.

  Epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution is commonly infiltrated on the scalp before craniotomy. But the hemodynamic changes caused by epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution have been lessEpinephrine-containing lidocaine solution is commonly infiltrated on the scalp before craniotomy. But the hemodynamic changes caused by epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution have been less intensely studied. A prospective randomized double blind control study was designed to observe hemodynamic changes caused by epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution in neurosurgical operations under general anesthesia. One hundred twenty patients undergoing scheduled craniotomy were allocated randomly to 4 groups. All the patients received 1% lidocaine 16 mL with different dose (concentration) epinephrine: group 1 with 40 microg (2.5 microg/mL); group 2 with 80 microg (5 microg/mL); group 3 with 160 microg (10 microg/mL); and group 4 (control group) without epinephrine. mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded at 30-second interval in 5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration. In group 1, group 2, and group 3, the lowest MAP and the highest MAP during this period also were recorded. Bleeding was assessed after raising the craniotomy flap. Compared with the baseline, significant hemodynamic changes, particularly decrease in MAP with increase in heart rate at 1.5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration, were observed in group 1, group 2, and group 3 (P<0.001), but not in group 4. The highest MAP increased significantly compared with the baseline in group 3 (P<0.05), but not in group 1 or group 2. Epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution reduced bleeding significantly (P<0.01). Infiltration with epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution elicits temporary but significant hemodynamic changes including hypotension before craniotomy. Commonly clinically used concentrations of epinephrine (2.5 to 10 microg/mL) can reduce the bleeding on the scalp.