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ABSTRACT: A sensitive and reliable analytical method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) has been developed for simultaneously determining the steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish. The most effective extraction of the target EDCs is achieved by using PLE with on-line purification and the parameters have been optimized as follows: extraction solvent - methanol-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), on-line purification material - 5g alumina (5% water), extraction - 3 cycles, static extraction time - 5min and extraction temperature - 60°C. Compared to the Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) solid phase extraction (SPE), freezing-lipid filtration combined with n-hexane defatting clean-up obtains much better recoveries of the target compounds and provide cleaner extracts. The matrix effect (ME) is generally eliminated by using an internal standard method. At spiking levels of 5, 50, and 100ng/g, the mean recoveries vary from 71.2% to 108% for the target EDCs with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 16%. The method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are 0.04-0.08ng/gdw and 0.07-0.27ng/gdw, respectively. The established method has been successfully applied to fish samples from the local market to determine the target EDCs.
Journal of chromatography. A 01/2013; · 4.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ammonia oxidation plays a pivotal role in the cycling and removal of nitrogen in aquatic sediments. Certain bacterial groups and a novel group of archaea, which is affiliated with the novel phylum Thaumarchaeota, can perform this initial nitrification step. We examined the diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing β-Proteobacteria (β-AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the sediments of Chongming eastern tidal flat using the ammonia monooxygenase-α subunit (amoA) gene as functional markers. Clone library analysis showed that AOA had a higher diversity of amoA gene than β-AOB. The β-Proteobacterial amoA community composition correlated significantly with water soluble salts in the sediments, whereas the archaeal amoA community composition was correlated more with nitrate concentrations. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) results indicated that the abundance of β-AOB amoA gene (9.11 × 10(4)-6.47 × 10(5) copies g(-1) sediment) was always greater than that of AOA amoA gene (7.98 × 10(3)-3.51 × 10(5) copies g(-1) sediment) in all the samples analyzed in this study. The β-Proteobacterial amoA gene abundance was closely related to organic carbon, while no significant correlations were observed between archaeal amoA gene abundance and the environmental factors. Potential nitrification rates were significantly greater in summer than in winter and correlated strongly with the abundance of amoA genes. Additionally, a greater contribution of single amoA gene to potential nitrification occurred in summer (1.03-5.39 pmol N copy(-1) day(-1)) compared with winter (0.16-0.38 pmol N copy(-1) day(-1)), suggesting a higher activity of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in warm seasons.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 10/2012; · 3.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Samples of suspended particulate matters (SPMs), surface sediment and road dust were collected from the Yangtze estuarine
and nearby coastal areas, coastal rivers, and central Shanghai. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the USEPA priority-controlled list by GC-MS. The compound-specific stable carbon isotopes
of the individual PAHs were also analyzed by GC-C-IRMS. The sources of PAHs in the SPMs and surface sediments in the Yangtze
estuarine and nearby coastal areas were then identified using multiple source identification techniques that integrated molecular
mass indices with organic compound-specific stable isotopes. The results revealed that 3-ring and 4-ring PAH compounds were
dominant in the SPMs and surface sediments, which are similar to the PAH compounds found in samples from the Wusong sewage
discharge outlet, Shidongkou sewage disposal plant, Huangpu River, coastal rivers and central Shanghai. Principal component
analysis (PCA) integrated with molecular mass indices indicated that gasoline, diesel, coal and wood combustion and petroleum-derived
residues were the main sources of PAHs in the Yangtze Estuary. The use of PAH compound-specific stable isotopes also enabled
identification of the PAHs input pathways. PAHs derived from wood and coal combustion and petroleum-derived residues were
input into the Yangtze Estuary and nearby coastal areas by coastal rivers, sewage discharge outlets during the dry season
and urban storm water runoff during the flood season. PAHs derived from vehicle emissions primarily accumulated in road dust
from urban traffic lines and the commercial district and then entered the coastal area via the northwest prevailing winds
in the dry season and storm water runoff during flood season.
Journal of Geographical Sciences 04/2012; 20(2):283-294. · 0.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Given the significant amount of time people spend indoors, the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust and their potential risks are of great concern. In the present study, ten dust samples from lecture theatres and twelve samples from dining halls were collected from university campuses in Shanghai to investigate the PAH levels, possible sources and human exposure. The total concentrations of 18 PAHs ranged from 9.84 to 21.44 μg/g for dust samples from lecture theatres, and 9.63-44.13 μg/g for samples from dining halls. Total PAH concentrations in indoor dust samples showed a better correlation to black carbon compared to total organic carbon contents. PAHs in dining halls samples showed a similar distribution pattern with that of commercial kitchen air, which indicated that cooking activities could contribute most of the PAHs found in dining halls. Principal component analysis revealed both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The potential health risk for PAHs was assessed in terms of BaP equivalent carcinogenic power and estimated daily intake (EDI). Relatively high EDI values compared to other studies suggested that PAHs posed a potential threat to human health in indoor environments at Shanghai's universities.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health 04/2012; 34(5):587-96. · 1.62 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In order to study temporal variation characteristics and influencing mechanism of platinum group elements (PGEs) in road dust, 24 seasonal samples and 18 inter annual samples of road dust were collected from roads in Shanghai, and were analysed by ICP-MS following aqua regia digestion. The results are as following: average concentrations of PGEs in spring, summer, autumn, winter were 10.40 (6.06-17.28) ng/g, 11.60 (5.52-20.11) ng/g, 32.91(18.53-61.05) ng/g, 32.33 (16.29-47.89) ng/g with Rh, 52.99 (27.48-100.2) ng/g, 53.77 (20.42-72.31) ng/g, 125.50 (75.41-247.8) ng/g, 132.59 (78.45-199.9) ng/g with Pd, 13.58 (7.96-30.97) ng/g, 13.24 (6.40-17.96) ng/g, 48.20 (25.07-122.9) ng/g, 53.63 (22.11-107.7) ng/g with Pt. PGEs concentrations had obvious seasonal change that were lower in spring and summer, higher in autumn and winter, and rainfall were main effect factors. The comparison of levels of PGEs between 2003 and 2007 showed that PGEs concentrations in road dust had increased over the period of 4 years with 11% - 19% of average annual growth rate because of the rapid increase in the number of vehicles in Shanghai. Meanwhile, the average PGEs ratios of road dust samples from Shanghai were inconsistent with Ely's result. These differences were contributed by the change of VECs type.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 09/2011; 32(9):2676-80.
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ABSTRACT: Filtration and cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF) was applied for the effective separation of NPs in the Yangtze Estuary. The physiochemical properties of NP were characterized, and their relationships with environmental factors were further studied in the present study. The results show that NP size in Yangtze Estuary ranged from 69.5 to 263.5 nm with the average value of 157.3 nm and Zeta-potential values ranged from -40.1 mV to 196.0 mV. NOC concentrations ranged from 0.3 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L and the average value was 0.7 mg/L. NOC account for 5.1% to 30.5% of DOC, with an average of 16.7%. The binding capacity of metals with NP in the Yangtze River Estuary was in the order of Zn > Cu > total Cr > Co > Ni > Mn > Fe > Li > Al > B > K > Ba > Sr > Mg > Ca > Na, which reveals that terrigenous input may be the main source of NOC in the Yangtze River. The binding capacity of NP with trace metal is generally higher than the conventional metallic element. There was no significant correlation between NP size and salinity, DOC, NOC, SPM and Zeta-potential, respectively. Compared to NOC and UOC, better correlation was investigated between DOC, salinity and NP bound trace metals.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 07/2011; 32(7):1924-31.
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of sediment dewatering on the phosphorus transformations concerning about the production and emission of phosphine in the intertidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine ranged from 18.62-72.53 ng kg(-1) and 31.14-61.22 ng kg(-1) within the August and January exposure incubations, respectively. The responses of matrix-bound phosphine concentrations to sediment dessication demonstrate that the production (or accumulation) of matrix-bound phosphine significantly increased with water loss at the start of the emersion incubations. However, further dehydration inhibited the formation of matrix-bound phosphine in sediments. The significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the organic-P bacteria abundance and alkaline phosphatase activities implicate that the production of matrix-bound phosphine within the dessication incubations was linked closely to the microbial decomposition of organic P. The emissions of phosphine generally decreased with sediment dewatering, with the fluxes of 7.51-96.73 ng m(-2)h(-1) and 5.34-77.74 ng m(-2)h(-1) over the exposure incubations of both August and January, respectively. Also, it is observed that the releases of phosphine during the entire exposure periods were affected not only by its production but also by sediment water and redox conditions.
Chemosphere 03/2011; 83(7):917-24. · 3.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using GC-MS 18 PAHs have been quantified in sediments from water source areas, tributaries and sewage outfalls at the reaches of Huaihe River (Huainan to Bengbu). The results show that the concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 308.12-1090.37 ng/g in sediments from water source areas and tributaries, and 1308.36-8793.16 ng/g in sediments from sewage outfalls. 3-4 rings were the dominant compounds compared to the 5-6 ring PAHs. Black carbon showed better correlation to PAHs than that of TOC. The composition characterization, principal component analysis and particular ratios of PAHs demonstrated that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels was the main source of PAHs in sediments at reaches of Huaihe River (Huainan to Bengbu), as well as a few anthropogenic releases of oil products. Ecological risk assessment indicated that, most of PAHs compounds in sediments have exceeded ER-L and ISQV-L values, among which part PAHs compounds at Yaojiawan even exceeded ER-H and ISQV-H values, showing the significant potential risk of PAHs to the ecosystem in the study area.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 05/2010; 31(5):1192-7.
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ABSTRACT: Biogenic silica (BSi) contents in the marsh plants (Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) and associated sediments in Chongming Island eastern intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary were determined. The BSi contents in P. australis, S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora varied from 25.78-42.74 mg/g, 5.71-19.53 mg/g and 6.71-8.92 mg/g, respectively. Over the entire growth season, P australis and S. mariqueter were characterized by linear accumulation patterns of BSi. The aboveground biomass (leaves and culms) of the marsh plants generally contained more BSi than underground biomass (roots). BSi contents were relatively higher in dead plant tissues than in live tissues which was probably due to the decomposition and the leaching of labile components of plant tissues such as organic carbon and nitrogen. Comparing with the habitats of S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora, the highest BSi content was recorded in sediments inhabited by P. australis, with an annual average of 15.69 mg/g. Overall, the intertidal marshes in the Yangtze Estuary may act as a net sink of BSi via plant uptake and sedimentary burial.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 01/2010; 22(3):374-80. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In order to study accumulation characteristics of PGEs in multimedia from road environment, samples of road dust, roadside soil and plant were collected from five roads in Shanghai, and were analysed by ICP-MS following aqua regia digestion. The results are as following: average concentrations of Rh, Pd and Pt were 24.92, 88.39, 22.28 ng/g in dust, 3.64, 17.45, 0.97 ng/g in soil and 2.66, 6.39, 0.57 ng/g in plant, respectively. The concentrations of PGEs in dust were higher than that in soil and in plant. Meanwhile, PGEs concentrations in plant were lower than that in dust, and closed to that of soil. The implementation of the automobile emission standard only in central city of Shanghai didn't cause obvious correlation between PGEs in multimedia and traffic volume. The plant adsorption capacity for PGEs of road dust showed: Pt > Pd > Rh, while its absorptive capacity for PGEs of soil was: Pd > Rh > Pt. PGEs ratios in multimedia were not completely coincident but in the range of PGEs ratios of road dust in Shanghai, which indicated a common traffic-related source of these metals.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 10/2009; 30(10):3050-4.
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ABSTRACT: Polluted levels, temporal and spatial distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in overlying water and surface sediments from nine typical sampling sites in the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas. The results showed that PAHs concentrations in overlying waters and surface sediments in dry season (1988 ng/L and 1154 ng/g) were both higher than those in flood season (1727 ng/L and 605 ng/g). And phenanthrene (Phe) was dominant among PAH compounds. Temperature was the most important factor that controlled PAHs seasonal variation in overlying waters, while organic carbon and soot carbon influenced PAHs accumulation in surface sediments. Complicated hydrodynamic conditions and pollutant inputs caused by various anthropogenic activities not only affected on PAHs spatial distribution, but also led to complicated sources in the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas. Ecological risk assessment indicated that PAHs in water-sediment system from the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas might potentially damage the Yangtze estuary ecosystem to some extent. Some of PAH compounds in overlying waters had exceeded the ecotoxicological assessment standard or EPA National Recommended Water Quality Criteria, and BaP also exceeded the normal concentration of Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for surface water. Some of PAH compounds in surface sediments had exceeded the effects range low (ER-L) levels and ISQV-L values.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 10/2009; 30(10):3043-9.
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ABSTRACT: A sequential digest was used to examine the speciation of particulate-associated heavy metals in multi-media environment of surface dust and rainfall-runoff system. Within the Shanghai central district, different environment medium in four sites were sampled including street dust, runoff suspended particles, gully pot sediment and river sediment during April 2006. The result shows that in the study area, heavy metal concentrations of surface dusts are significantly higher than the Shanghai soil background values and the nonpoint runoff pollution of Pb, Cr and Ni are serious while Cd, Cu and Zn pollution degree relatively light. In the multi-media transport process, the order of heavy metal bioavailability is Zn > Ni > Cd> Cu > Pb > Cr. For Cr, Zn and Cu, the dominated chemical forms of the four different environmental media remain the same phase of residual, carbonates and organic fractions respectively. For Ni, the main fraction of surface dust is associated with residual form, while the other three media become associated with carbonate fractions. For Cd, the surface dust is mainly associated with carbonates, while runoff particles mainly with labile fractions. The dominated chemical form of Pb also changes from Fe/Mn oxides phase to organic phase. The runoff particles contain the highest percentage of the labile fraction (F1 + F2), and the mean value of transporting ratio of the runoff suspended particles equals to 1.74, indicating that in urban runoff water, the high bioavailability of the heavy metals and the potential toxicity effect deserves our attention greatly. In gutter inlet and rivers deposit components, the low percentages of the labile fraction and the higher content of residual fraction reduce the environmental risk of the heavy metals and act as the sink of these elements.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 08/2009; 30(8):2241-7.
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ABSTRACT: Natural sediments impacted by previous coal mining activities were collected and separated according to grain size and density. Sorption experiments were performed with original sediments and different sub-fractions. Abundant coal and other coal-derived particles were identified using organic spectrographic analysis. Both Freundlich and partitioning and pore-filling model were applied to fit the experimental data. All sorption isotherms showed non-linear sorption properties, with n in the range of 0.72-0.76. The light fraction had the highest sorption capacity (lgK(Fr) = 4.03), which is comparable to that of raw coal. In addition, partitioning and pore-filling model yields the better fitting than Freundlich model, indicating that at low c(w), "pore-filling" dominants the whole sorption; while with the increase of c(w), partition takes place of adsorption and dominants the sorption. In addition, in spite of the very low mass weight, the light fraction dominated by carbonaceous materials contributed more than 60% of the sorption for the whole sediments.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 07/2009; 30(7):2087-92.
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ABSTRACT: Based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) field data of particle phase and dissolved phase, partition coefficients Kp in particle-water interface from the Yangtze Estuarine and nearby coastal areas were obtained. The results show partition coefficients of PAHs in dry season were higher than those in flood season, and all of them ranged from 507 L/kg to 10,179 L/kg, increasing with the rise of PAH compounds. The linear free-energy relationship coefficients between Koc value and octanol-water partition coefficients Ko, in dry season and flood season were 0.82 and 0.68, respectively. These relationships inferred that suspended particle matters in the Yangtze Estuarine and coastal areas had weakly lipophilic characteristics and adsorption ability. lgKoc values of PAH compounds in the different sampling sites were higher than the upper limit value predicted by the classic equilibrium partition model. The partition processes of PAHs were not controlled by concentrations of suspended particle matters, particle grain sizes, overlying water salinity and dissolved organic carbon ( R2 < 0.1), but influenced by particle organic carbon and heterogeneous mixtures of particle soot carbon. The expanded partition model which included soot partitioning could well predict in situ partition processes of PAH compounds whose octanol-water partition coefficients lgKow was lower than 6.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 04/2009; 30(4):1126-32.
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents data on size fractionation and bioavailability of heavy metal characteristics of urban surface dusts in Shanghai City. Result shows that medium size of surface dust is 132 microm, < 75 microm fraction has the highest volume percentage. Particle size distribution has the important influence on pollutant concentrations. With particle size decreasing, the heavy metal concentration increase, and the < 75 microm fraction contains the highest levels of all of the heavy metals, and the order refers to Cr > Pb > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu. A five-step sequential extraction of roadside sediments showed that Zn is predominantly in the carbonate fraction; Pb is highest in the Fe/Mn oxide fraction; Cu and Cd are mainly distributed in the organic fraction; Cr and Ni are predominantly associated with residual fraction. Considering the proportion of metals bound to the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, the comparative mobility of metals probably decreases in the order of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu > Cr. Comparing with literature data abroad, the labile fraction of heavy metal bioavailability in Shanghai is higher for Zn, Pb and Ni, lower for Cu and Cd, and the same level for Cr.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 01/2009; 29(12):3489-95.
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ABSTRACT: This paper investigated heavy metal accumulative process of road dust on paved urban surfaces of Shanghai City in April, 2006. The data indicate that the surface dust load mean value for traffic area is 12.4 g/m and the range is 5.04-23.2 g/m; the mean value for the university area is 6.1 g/m with the range of 3.8-10.0 g/m. The research indicated that long duration and high intensity rainfall has the obvious reduction function to the dust particles load, but the light rain can enable it to increase. Land use and road traffic conditions are the important factors controlling "source-sink" effect of surface dust particulate emission. Dust load buildup occurs and the particles become coarser over the dry days. In high-traffic flow area, the dust displays "source effect" on atmospheric particulate with heavy metal concentration decreasing, while in low-traffic area, the dust displays "sink effect" on atmospheric particulate with heavy metal concentration increasing. The results also show that over the dry days, with S-type growth tendency, pollutant load depends on the couple-variation of dust load and pollutant concentrations. After the rainfall, the rate of accumulation of heavy metal load remain slow within 10 days, and during the following period of 5 days, pollution load increase rapidly. Then after 15 days, the load accumulation rate of heavy metal decrease due to the equilibrium of dust deposition and emission.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 01/2009; 29(12):3483-8.
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ABSTRACT: Parent PAHs have been quantified in suspended particulate matters from the Yangtze Estuarine and Coastal Areas. The results show that the concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 2278.79-14293.98 ng/g, and were characterized by greatest content near sewage discharge point with trend to decrease by increasing distance. As for PAHs composition, 4-6 rings PAHs were dominant while 2-3 rings PAHs were relative low. Cluster analysis found that except urban sewage discharge, the hydrodynamic force was influencing PAHs distribution patterns. Moreover, the content of suspended particulate matters, organic carbon and soot carbon of suspended particulate matters also play the important roles in PAHs distribution from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas. Principal component analysis and PAH ratios demonstrated that uncompleted combustion of fossil fuels was the main source of PAHs in coastal areas, as well as a few anthropogenic releases of oil and oil products. Ecological risk assessment indicated that most of PAH compounds exceeded the effects range ER-L values and ISQV-L values, which might certain potential damage to the Yangtze Estuary ecosystem.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 10/2008; 29(9):2392-8.
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ABSTRACT: Taking Shanghai city as an example, the study analyzed the difference of concentration levels in road dust, soil and leaves besides roads. The reasons and mechanisms of the accumulation characteristics were also been discussed. The result shows that, in a same functional area, road dusts and soils accumulated more PAHs while leaves did less, and the concentrations of PAHs in P. orientalis L. leaves were higher than those in Buxus sinica leaves. Total PAHs concentrations in road dust and soil ranged from 8992 ng x g(-1) to 141723 ng x g(-1), averaged in 54964 ng x g(-1), and from 9306 ng x g(-1) to 146689 ng x g(-1), averaged in 56883 ng x g(-1), respectively. Total PAHs concentrations in P. orientalis L. leaves and Buxus sinica leaves varied from 2423 ng x g(-1) to 32883 ng x g(-1), with a mean value of 12983 ng x g(-1), from 1498 ng x g(-1) to 19418 ng x g(-1), with a mean value of 7612 ng x g(-1). Among various functional areas, there were significant differences in PAHs concentrations in road dusts and soils while those in leaves were similarly. PAH homologue concentrations in road dusts and soils had significant difference in various functional areas with the priority of high molecular homologues. However, PAH homologue concentrations in leaves were similarly dominated by low molecular homologues. The accumulation characteristics were closely corresponding with the physicochemical property of PAHs and the main accumulation ways of PAHs in multimedia.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 03/2008; 29(2):409-12.
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ABSTRACT: Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in surface sediments (SS) ranged from 0.5 to 17.5 ng g(-1) and from 0.9 to 33.1 ng g(-1), averaged 6.0 and 8.2 ng g(-1), respectively. Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied from 6.2 to 14.8 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 12.3 ng g(-1) and were from 3.4 to 25.7 ng g(-1) with an average of 16.4 ng g(-1), respectively. Lindane is the main HCHs' source and continuing use in the Yangtze Delta areas of 'pure' gamma-HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH (a mix of largely alpha- and some gamma-HCH). DDTs in SS are mainly accumulated in history. However, high DDT fractions in SPM are indicators of new input of typical dicofol type DDT from 2002 to 2004. It can be seen that most samples from the Yangtze estuary were in ranges where adverse biological effects are expected, either occasionally or frequently.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987) 02/2008; 156(1):168-73. · 3.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The influencing factors on the accumulation and transportation of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in road dust from Shanghai city were systematically discussed. The results showed that grain size was only a minor factor affecting the adsorption of PAHs by urban road dust, and there was no obvious correlation between grain size and PAHs concentrations. TOC (total organic carbons) was significantly correlated with PAHs concentration (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001; r = 0.55, p = 0.002 for winter and summer, respectively), which suggested that for urban road dust, the higher the organic matters were, the stronger the adsorption capacity was. The result was consistent with the hydrophobic characteristic of PAHs theoretically. Wind direction significantly influenced the accumulation and transportation of PAHs in urban road dust. Wind direction could directly affect the spatial distribution of PAHs, which led the leeward was ready to accumulate less PAHs while the windward was likely to accumulate more. In summer, the highest concentration existed in northwest of Shanghai, with a value of 27,766 ng x g(-1), and in winter, the south and east of Shanghai were the most polluted areas, with values of 30,741 ng x g(-1), 32,573 ng x g(-1), respectively. And the "Hollow Effect" was found at urban centre area. Temperature was an important factor affecting the accumulation and transportation of PAHs in urban road dust.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] 02/2008; 29(1):179-82.
