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ABSTRACT: We have prepared and evaluated two liquid prepolymers and their UV-cured films for flexible display
applications. 2,3,5,6,20,30,50,60-Octafluoro-4,40-bis-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-vinyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-
ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-biphenyl (7) and 2,3,5,6,20,30,50,60-octafluoro-4,40-bis-[2-(2-{2-[1,1-difluoro-2-
(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-vinyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy}-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-2,2-
difluoro-ethoxy]-biphenyl (8) are synthesized with decafluorobiphenyl, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, and
tetraethylene glycol or fluorinated tetraethylene glycol. The UV-cured films prepared from these
prepolymers show mechanical flexibility and optical transparency. The refractive indices and
optical losses of the films prepared from prepolymers 7 and 8 are around 1.51 and 1.43, and 1.03 and
1.06 dB cm�1 at a wavelength of 633 nm. The films are thermostable at high temperature over 350 �C.
The ultimate stress, initial modulus, and elongation of the films prepared from prepolymers 7 and 8 are
15.5 MPa, 0.42 GPa, and 12.2%, and 13.8 MPa, 0.49 GPa, and 6.8%, respectively. Finally, we have
demonstrated a flexible waveguide display film fabricated from our prepolymers and identified the
liquid prepolymers as possible good candidate materials for flexible display applications.
Journal of Materials Chemistry 03/2013; 1:2983–2989. · 5.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: For development of electro-optical printed circuit board (PCB) systems, PCB-compatible metal-slotted hybrid optical waveguide was proposed and its optical characteristics are investigated at a wavelength of 1.31 μm. To confine light in a metallic multilayered structure, a metal film with a wide trench is inserted at the center of a dielectric medium that is sandwiched between metal films of infinite width. A circularly symmetric spot of the guided mode was measured at the center of the metal-slotted optical waveguide, which is a good agreement with the theoretical prediction by using the finite-element method. The measured propagation loss is about 1.5 dB/cm. Successful transmission of 2.5 Gbps optical signal without any distortion of the eye diagram confirms that the proposed hybrid optical waveguide holds a potential transmission line for the PCB-compatible optical interconnection.
Optics Express 04/2012; 20(9):10438-45. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The bending loss characteristics of the hybrid plasmonic waveguide are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Simulation results showed that the guided mode is confined mainly into outer high index slab as the bending radius decreases. Thus, the radiation loss due to bending is greatly suppressed. We fabricate flexible hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisted of 5 nm-thick Au stripe and flexible multiple polymer cladding layers. The measured bending loss is lower than 1 dB/180° at a wavelength of 1310 nm for the bending radii down to 2 mm.
Optics Express 11/2010; 18(23):24213-20. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A hybrid plasmonic waveguide structure is proposed and fabricated for low-loss lightwave guiding along a metal stripe core. By embedding Au stripe in dual slab waveguides with high refractive-index contrast, the field of the guided mode is confined more in the two dielectric core layers. Thus, the propagation loss is significantly reduced. The guided mode is like a combination of a fundamental long-range surface plasmon polariton strip mode and a dual symmetric dielectric slab mode. We fabricate 5 nm-thick Au stripe optical waveguides and measure the optical properties at a wavelength of 1.31 microm. The propagation loss is less than 1.0 dB/cm with the metal stripe width of 1-5 microm.
Optics Express 02/2010; 18(3):2808-13. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We experimentally demonstrated the enhanced transmission in a fiber-coupled Au stripe waveguide system using a linearly tapered (LT) structure at a telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 ??m. The LT structure consists of two 100- ??m-long tapered regions connecting various widths of input and output waveguides with a waist region. The lowest insertion loss of the 1-cm-long LT-Au stripe waveguide is ~ 4.3 dB, when it has 6-??m -wide input and output waveguides and a 4- ??m-wide waist waveguide. The insertion loss is reduced by ~ 2 dB compared to the 4-??m-wide and 1-cm-long straight Au stripe waveguide, which is achieved by decreasing the coupling loss. The losses of the LT region, which has a tapered angle of less than 0.3?? between the input-output waveguides and the waist waveguide, are smaller than 0.4 dB. We showed that the insertion loss of the Au stripe waveguide can be reduced by introducing the LT structure, which can also provide efficient mode conversion.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 02/2010; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A 1.3 µm transverse magnetic (TM) mode laser diode (LD) with a spot-size converter was fabricated and its various characteristics were investigated. At 100 mA, the power ratio of 33 dB was obtained between TM and TE mode using 0.68% tensile strained quantum wells. The device shows far field angles of 10.4° and 11.7° in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, resulting in 3.1 dB coupling loss with a surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide (WG). The 3 dB alignment tolerance with the SPP-WG is 7.2 µm and 6.8 µm, respectively. 3 dB bandwidth is 6.3 GHz and clear eye-opening is confirmed under 7 Gbps NRZ transmission.
Semiconductor Science and Technology 01/2010; 25(3):035003. · 1.72 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Polymer-based silver stripe optical waveguides were developed for chip-to-chip optical interconnections, and their optical characteristics were investigated. The lowest propagation loss of 0.8 dB/cm was achieved with a 14-nm-thick 1.5-mum-wide stripe, at a wavelength of 1.3 mum . The 2.5-Gb/s optical signals were successfully transmitted via 10-cm-long silver stripe optical waveguides.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 08/2009; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Very low vertical bending loss is demonstrated in a flexible metal waveguide. The waveguide consists of an 8 nm-thick and 68 mm-long Ag strip embedded in a free-standing multilayered low-loss polymer film. The polymer film is composed of a 10 microm-thick inner cladding with a refractive index of 1.524, and a pair of 20 microm-thick outer claddings which both have a refractive index of 1.514, resulting in a total thickness of 50 microm. The measured vertical bending loss is lower than 0.3 dB/180 masculine at a wavelength of 1310 nm for the bending radii down to 2 mm.
Optics Express 02/2009; 17(1):228-34. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate sub-dB/cm propagation losses in polymer-based silver stripe waveguides at the wavelength of 1.31 microm. The silver stripe waveguides were fabricated in a low-loss fluorinated polymer clad. To form uniform metal stripe patterns, which are essential for reducing propagation loss, we developed a lift-off process using double layers of photoresist and SiNx. A propagation loss of less than 1.0 dB/cm was obtained with the 11- nm-thick silver stripes in the width range of 1.5 - 4.5 microm. A coupling loss of approximately 1.0 dB with a polarization maintaining single mode fiber was achieved for a width of 4.5 microm. For a width of 2.0 microm, we recorded a minimum propagation loss of 0.4 dB/cm, which is comparable with that of dielectric multi-mode waveguides.
Optics Express 02/2009; 17(2):697-702. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a novel on-board chip-to-chip optical interconnect using long-range surface plasmon polariton (LR-SPP) waveguides that feature 2.5-cm-long gold strips embedded in a low loss polymer cladding. A TM-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operating at a wavelength of 1.3 microm was butt-coupled into the waveguides in order to excite a fundamental LR-SPP mode and then the transmitted light was received with a photo-diode (PD). The waveguide width is varied in the range of 1.5-5.0 microm in order to optimize the insertion loss where the 3-microm-wide waveguide provides a minimum insertion loss of -17 dB, consisting of 6 dB/cm propagation loss and 2 dB coupling loss. An interconnect system based on the optimized waveguide with a 4-channel array is assembled with the arrayed optoelectronic chips. It shows the feasibility of 10 Gbps (2.5 Gbps x 4 channels) signal transmission indicating that the LR-SPP waveguide is a potential transmission line for optical interconnection.
Optics Express 09/2008; 16(17):13133-8. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present characteristics of very thin Au strip waveguides based on long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LR-SPPs) along thin Au strips embedded in polymers. We also report a 10 Gbps optical signal transmission via LR-SPPs with the pig-tailed Au strip waveguide at a telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 mum. We limited the thickness, width, and length up to ~20 nm, ~ 10 mum, and ~5 cm, respectively, for practical applications. At 1.55 mum, loss properties of the Au strip waveguides were theoretically and experimentally evaluated with thickness, width and cladding material. The lowest propagation loss of ~1.4 dB/cm was experimentally obtained with the 14-nm-thick and 2-mum-wide Au strip. With a single-mode fiber, the lowest coupling loss of less than 0.1 dB/facet was achieved with the 14-nm-thick and 7.5-mum-wide Au strip. The lowest insertion loss was obtained 7.7 dB with the 14-nm-thick, 5-mum-wide, and 1.5-cm-long Au strip. The propagation loss was improved approximately 30% for the 17-nm-thick Au strip with lowering the refractive index of the cladding polymer by 0.01. In the 10 Gbps optical signal transmission experiment, the LR-SPP waveguide exhibits an excellent eye opening and a 2.2 dB power penalty at 10<sup>-12</sup> bit error rate. These all results indicate that the LR-SPP waveguide is a potential transmission line for optical interconnects to overcome inherent problems in electric interconnects.
Journal of Lightwave Technology 07/2008; 26(11):1510-1518. · 2.78 Impact Factor
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Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 11/2007; 209(3):290 - 297. · 2.36 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a high bit-rate optical signal transmission by using long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) waves in a guided geometry. With a 40 Gbit/s optical communication signal, eye patterns and bit-error-rates were measured to access the quality of the transmission properties of the LRSPP mode. A thin gold strip line embedded in a low loss optical polymer supports a LRSPP mode, which propagates with a 2 dB/cm loss, and couples to standard single mode fibers at 1.55 μm with a 2 dB coupling loss. A 40 Gbit/s optical signal was transmitted via a 4 cm long LRSPP waveguide without any distortion of the eye patterns. The experiment also showed error-free transmissions. These results indicate that the LRSPP waveguide is a potential transmission line for optical interconnections overcoming the inherent problems in electric interconnections.
Applied Physics Letters 10/2007; 91(17):171117-171117-3. · 3.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To improve the propagation loss of polymer-based long-range surface-plasmon-polariton (LR-SPP) waveguide devices at the telecom wavelength range, low-loss LR-SPP waveguides were fabricated in an ultraviolet-curable acrylate polymer with a low refractive index and absorption loss. A propagation loss of 1.72 dB/cm at a wavelength of 1.55 mum was achieved with a 14-nm-thick and 3-mum-wide metal stripe.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10/2007; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: For optical-electrical (O/E) integration of polymer waveguide devices, a polymer optical bench with embedded-electric-circuits was developed and realized by using the UV-embossing technology. An upside-down mounted polymer waveguide device showed not only more efficient fiber-chip coupling but also a good electrical contact.
IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2007 Digest of the; 08/2007
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ABSTRACT: In order to overcome the shortcomings of silicon optical bench with surface-patterned electric circuits, an electric-circuit-embedded polymer optical bench was developed. The main design issue was to embed the electric circuit under the optical bench and to let the electric contact pads be opened at the bottom of the alignment pits. To accommodate the surplus conductive adhesive, adhesive-fill space was created at the alignment pits. This architectural invention provides not only more efficient fiber-chip coupling of the planar-lightwave-circuit-type optical waveguide device but also a good electrical contact. An upside-down mounted single-mode waveguide chip showed a coupling loss of about 0.9 dB per coupling face with a single-mode fiber at a wavelength of 1.5 mum
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 04/2007; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We developed a polyimide side-chain polymer under the key guidelines of low losses at interacting wavelengths and high nonlinearity as well as thermal stability and fabricated quasi-phase-matched waveguide devices for second harmonic generation (SHG) and difference frequency generation (DFG). In addition, waveguide structures and periodic poling electrode widths were optimized for large mode overlap and efficient phase matching between the interacting optical fields (0.775 and 1.55 μm), respectively. The polymeric waveguide (1 cm length) records a normalized SHG efficiency of 5.4% W−1 cm−2 and demonstrates DFG with −50 dB conversion efficiency for an input pump power of 10 mW (cw) at room temperature.
Applied Physics Letters 06/2006; 88(24):241106-241106-3. · 3.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using a dry film resist, a novel method for fabrication of polymer PLC platforms with V-grooves is developed for passive alignment of optical fibers to polymer waveguides. This technique provides a simple and cost-effective fabrication method of polymer PLCs.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005. Technical Digest. OFC/NFOEC; 04/2005
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ABSTRACT: We propose and demonstrate a trimming method to enhance extinction ratio in an electro-optic (EO) polymer modulator with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. In order to adjust the power splitting ratio at Y-branches, which is a main factor determining the extinction ratio, our method is exploited by using a change of the refractive index of the poled EO polymer due to thermal relaxation. The trimming is controlled by heating the Y-branch area via a heater. By using the thermal relaxation trimming, the extinction ratio in the adjusted EO modulator is enhanced by more than 7 dB without excess loss.
Applied Physics Letters 02/2005; 86(7):071102-071102-3. · 3.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present a new configuration of a thin-film-filter (TFF)-embedded planar-light-circuit platform for a bidirectional transceiver module to enhance a tolerance of the insertion loss to the positional deviation of the TFF, by using a wide multimode waveguide structure that guides a reflected light from the TFF to a photoreceiver. It is experimentally shown that the new scheme has a merit in a high tolerance to the positional deviation of the TFF, and that it maintains a considerably high optical isolation by a proper arrangement of waveguides.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 02/2005; · 2.19 Impact Factor
